Abstract: A card-based diversity antenna structure includes a card and at least two antenna elements. The card has active circuitry attached thereto and connectors located at a first end thereof configured for engagement with an interface slot. The at least two antenna elements are attached to the card at a second end thereof and are coupled to the active circuitry. At least two antenna elements are sufficiently spaced apart so as to achieve spatial diversity. The polarizations of two of the at least two antenna elements may be orthogonal to each other so as to achieve polarization diversity. The antenna structure delivers good receive and transmit diversity performance and is well suited to the form factor limits imposed by the dimensions of small cards, such as PCMCIA cards. The configuration is very convenient for application in the 5 to 6 GHz frequency band.

Abstract: An antenna array comprising at least two groups of antennas where each group comprises at least two pairs of antennas. Each of the pairs in a group contains orthogonally polarized antennas and at least one antenna in a pair is similarly polarized to one antenna in at least another pair in the group. The antenna array further comprises circuitry coupled to the antenna groups to select and activate certain antennas in a group to enable the antenna array to operate in either a beam forming/steering mode, a diversity mode or a MIMO mode or any combination thereof. The antennas in the groups are activated based on the characteristics of the signals being transmitted or received by the antenna array.

Abstract: A mobile radiocommunication terminal includes a first antenna with a first polarization and a second antenna with a second polarization. The antennas are separate and are both used to receive signals. Signals received by the first and second antennas are combined in polarization diversity. Specifically, for each distinct polarization, a Viterbi decoding means outputs the most probable signals and a probability factor associated with the most probable signals. A digital signal processor includes, for each distinct polarization, weighting means that weight the most probable signals by the associated probability factor, and means for summating the signal outputs from the weighting means.

Abstract: A directional antenna system includes several antenna elements, a phase shift/attenuation circuit, and a switching system. The circuit synthesizes four antenna patterns which are oriented toward the front, back, left, and right sides of a vehicle. The system switches between antenna patterns depending upon received signal strength at any particular moment.

Abstract: Fast macrodiversity switching (FMS) dynamically switches radio links used for traffic and control channels for a mobile station among a number of base transceiver stations (BTS) without changing the radio resource, that is, using the same frequency and time slot combination (TDMA) or frequency and spreading code combination (CDMA). The traffic channel switching is under control of zone managers. Each BTS includes a zone manager where a host BTS has its zone manager designated as a host zone manager and other BTSs (assistant BTSs) have their zone managers designated as assistant zone managers. The control by the host and assistant zone managers includes switching down-link signals to and up-link signals from mobile stations among base transceiver stations which include broadcast channels (non-switched) and dedicated (switched) channels. Measurements of the wireless signals are made at macrodiverse locations.

Abstract: In a radio network which employs adaptive antennas for transmission of data to mobiles methods and apparatus are provided for improving the reception of transmitted data. When a block is to be transmitted in a first beam of the antenna and the block contains information for the mobile in the second beam, a modulation and coding scheme is used for the transmission of the block such that the modulation and coding scheme provides greater protection to the portion of the block containing information for the mobile in the second beam. The use of greater protection for the portion of the block which includes information for the mobile in the second beam increases the probability that the mobile in the second beam can receive and correctly decode the information intended for the mobile in the second beam in the block.

Abstract: A radio diversity method in which a first received signal is received by a first antenna and a second received signal is received by a second antenna. The first received signal and the second received signal are converted from an analog format to a digital format. Digital signal values are in each case detected, with quality levels being defined in each case for the digital signal values. An evaluation device evaluates the quality levels and, depending on the evaluation result, passes on only portions of the digital signal values for subsequent combination. This reduces the data rate that needs to be transmitted, for example, during a soft hand over.

Abstract: Taking into account an optimal reception characteristic of a communication apparatus with variable directivity, the base station apparatus of the present invention has a communication apparatus with variable directivity positively accommodate a communication with a terminal in poor reception conditions, which makes it possible to reduce power of this terminal and reduce interference, thereby increasing the subscriber capacity in the system.

Abstract: The following are provided a plurality of antennas provided- correspondingly to a plurality of radio communication systems, a plurality of processing circuits whose one ends are connected to the antennas to apply processings including amplification and frequency conversion to signals received from a corresponding antenna input to the above one ends or signals to be transmitted to a corresponding antenna input to the other ends of the circuits, an input/ output terminal which outputs a reception signal to an external unit or inputs a transmission signal from the external unit, and a unit connected between the processing circuits and the input/output terminal to couple reception signals output from the processing circuits or distribute transmission signals input from the input/output terminal to the processing circuits.

Abstract: A wireless information device (30) receives and processes a message (32) within a wireless information communication system (10). The wireless information device (30) includes an antenna system (62), a radio frequency switch (80), a controller (84) and a display (60). The antenna system has a plurality of antennas for receiving the message (32). The radio frequency switch (80) activates a first antenna (64) of the plurality of antennas as an active antenna (116) in response to an antenna control signal (98) sent from the controller (84). The antenna control signal (98) is generated by the controller (84) in response to the determination of the display orientation of the display (60).

Abstract: A digital camera having a wideband RF transceiver, includes: a graphic user interface for displaying a camera control menu, the graphic user interface having a normal viewing axis; camera grips located on opposite sides of the camera body for holding the camera to operate the transceiver while viewing the graphic user interface; and a directional antenna arranged with respect to the camera to point away from a user of the camera and having a 90±10 degree vertical beam width centered on the horizon ±20 degrees, and a 180±20 degree horizontal beam width when the camera is held by the grips for normal viewing of the graphic user interface while operating the transceiver.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adaptive radio system that includes a plurality of mobile stations and at least one base station. In the radio system, at least the base station includes a plurality of independent transmitting and receiving branches to transfer signals between the base station and mobile stations. The radio system is according to the invention characterized in that it additionally includes means (401, 402) for connecting said transmitting branches and receiving branches in parallel and for numerical, dynamic assigning thereof to transfer of a single signal. The invention further relates to a method for assigning transmitting and receiving branches in a radio system.

Abstract: A wireless duplex communication system, particularly for high density service areas serviced by a plurality of radio port units each including receiver-transmitter circuitry and an antenna; characterized in that each radio port unit further includes a first port for connecting the receiver-transmitter circuitry of one radion port unit to the antenna of another radio port unit in the same service area and a second port for connecting the antenna of said one radio port unit to the receiver-transmitter circuitry of said another radio port unit, whereby each of the two radio port units shares the antenna of the other radio port unit to provide space diversity.

Abstract: A diversify receiver comprises an antenna selector for selecting signals received by diversity antennas. Detection circuitry detects respective strengths of the selected signals and produces first and second strength indication signals. A mode selector is provided for selecting a reference threshold or the second strength indication signal. A comparator compares the output of the mode selector with the first strength indication signal. The mode selector is controlled to select the reference threshold so that the first strength indication signal is compared with the reference threshold and then to select the second strength indication signal in response to a first output signal of the comparator indicating that the first strength indication signal is higher than the reference threshold, so that the first strength indication signal is compared with the second strength indication signal.

Abstract: In a radio communication apparatus, band-pass filters are provided in correspondence with a multiple-band receiver, a multiple-band transmitter and a GPS receiver, respectively. As radio frequency signals received by an external antenna on a vehicle-mounted adapter is inputted to the radio communication apparatus through the external connection terminal 22, signals in necessary frequency bands are passed by the band-pass filters so as to be inputted to the multiple-band receiver and the GPS receiver, respectively. This makes it possible for the connection terminal to be shared in radio communication by a cellular phone and in GPS reception with reception quality kept high both in the radio communication and the GPS reception to allow the number of external connection terminals to be reduced for providing further downsized and lightweight radio communication apparatus.

Abstract: A receiver device for receiving incoming radio waves by using a plurality of antennas, which is capable of improving the maximum input sensitivity is provided. In the receiver device, a switching unit switches to an antenna having the lower antenna gain as a new receiving antenna on the precondition that when receiving incoming radio waves by one particular antenna currently set as the receiving antenna, if a reception level of this particular antenna becomes a level close to the maximum input sensitivity of a signal processing unit, then the reception condition is satisfactory. Consequently, it is possible to improve the maximum input sensitivity and forestall the occurrence of waveform distortion and the like.

Abstract: A wireless communications system comprising a first transponder adapted to be coupled to one of a plurality of selectable antennas, having a look-up table including locations holding data representing antennas, and having pointers pointing to selected ones of the locations, the pointers defining an order in which antennas will be used to attempt communication; and a second transponder configured to communicate with the first transponder, wherein the first transponder uses an antenna defined by data in one location of the table for communication with the second transponder, and, if successful communication with the second transponder is not established, the first transponder uses an antenna defined by data in another location of the table selected in accordance with the order defined by the pointers.

Abstract: A method provides a technique for optimally combining communication beams. The method forms a plurality of beams from captured signals. One beam is selected as the primary beam while a subset of the others are applied to auxiliary receivers. A digital signal processor weights and combines these primary and secondary beams.

Abstract: Performing an antenna diversity set-up according to the present invention a first mobile terminal (1) transmits a pre-defined antenna calibration signal to a second mobile terminal (15) using its omni-directional antenna (10). During the period of the transmitted signal the best receiving antenna (x) is identified at the second mobile terminal (15) by switching all its directional antennas (21 to 28) and its omni-directional antenna (20) into its receiving path and measuring the received signal quality, e.g. the received signal strength. The directional antenna (x) of the second network device (15) which is identified as best receiving antenna is then used for transmission and reception of data transfer with the first network device (1).

Abstract: A high-frequency semiconductor device includes a microwave monolithic integrated circuit having first and second passive element sections each having at least one passive element as well as an FET. The FET has a gate connected to the first passive element section and a drain connected to the second passive element section. A bed configured as a plate of a conductive member is provided for mounting thereon the microwave monolithic integrated circuit. The bed has at least one opening or hole formed therethrough. The hole of the bed is provided at a specified position of the bed so as to underlie either one the first or second passive element section. With such an arrangement, it becomes possible to obtain enhanced performance.

Abstract: A radio apparatus includes a plurality of receiving systems connected to multiple antennas providing diversity, respectively, each receiving system including an antenna terminator and a preamplifier. After one receiving system is discriminated from another receiving system based on radio signals received by the receiving systems, respectively, a controller controls the one receiving system such that an antenna terminator is inactive and a preamplifier is active and, at the same time, further controls the other receiving system such that an antenna terminator is active and a preamplifier is inactive.

Abstract: A system, method, and program for selecting an antenna from a plurality of antennas in a wireless communication system having a dynamic frequency range is disclosed. This disclosure describes how a singular quality indicator derived from a plurality of quality parameters improves diversity selections in uplink or downlink channels integrated in time or separated in frequency. The quality indicator is derived in part from a synchronization, a cyclical redundancy check, and a differential receive signal strength indicator process. The processes modify a quality indicator when a sync error, a cyclical redundancy check error, or one of a number of receive signal strength conditions is detected. When a predetermined quality threshold exceeds the quality indicator at any point in time antenna selection occurs.

Abstract: A radio equipment separates a signal from a specific terminal among signals from adaptive array antennas, based on a reception weight vector calculated by a reception weight vector calculator. A reception response vector calculator draws out a reception response vector of a propagation path of the signal from the specific terminal. A correlation operation and Doppler frequency estimating circuit calculates a correlation value between reception response vectors of corresponding slots of continuous frames, and estimates a corresponding Doppler frequency based on a correspondence found in advance. A transmission response vector estimator predicts a transmission response vector, by performing an extrapolation process in accordance with the estimated Doppler frequency.

Abstract: A radio base station having a plurality of directional sector antennas for providing communications with outstations lying at different azimuth angles to the base station is disclosed in which the antennas transmit signals using one or both of two orthogonal polarizations such as left hand or right hand circular antennas and polarization and which also measures interference levels on different frequency channels that are used for allocating an optimum channel and polarization for connecting a call. Each of the outstations comprise at least one antenna of selectable polarization.

Abstract: An antenna diversity receiving system is disclosed which includes an antenna device with a plurality of FM antennas and a controllable switching circuit for sequentially switching through one of the plurality of FM antennas via an antenna cable to a receiver upon reception of a switching control signal. The receiver has a multipath detector coupled to a pulse generator for generating a pulse signal to be used as such switching control signal. To secure accurate detection of the switching control signal, the pulse generator is coupled to a pulse shaper to convert the pulse signal of the pulse generator into a pulse signal pair. The pulse signal pair has a first signal pulse followed by a second signal pulse having a signal polarity opposite to the signal polarity of the first signal pulse. The pulse signal pair has a waveform varying symmetrically around a reference level and is supplied through the antenna cable to the antenna device.

Abstract: An antenna diversity receiver is disclosed. The antenna diversity receiver includes an antenna selective switching means for coupling one of a plurality of antennas to a RF receiver input. A multipath detector controls the antenna selective switching means. A switching disabling means automatically disables the antenna selective switching means over a disabling period. In order to accurately immunize the receiver the disabling period is controlled by an adjacent channel detector to increase the period with increasing adjacent channel interferences and vice versa.

Abstract: A diversity reception system used for a mobile radio communication system of a sector type is constructed using single-directivity transmitting-receiving antennas and a non-directivity receiving antenna, all of which are fixed to a support pole such as a steel pipe pole and a steel tower. The single-directivity transmitting-receiving antennas are fixed to a peripheral surface of the support pole and are arranged in directions corresponding to sectors respectively. The non-directivity receiving antenna is fixed to a head portion of the support pole and is arranged above the single-directivity transmitting-receiving antennas by a prescribed interval of distance, which corresponds to at least nine wavelengths of radio waves. The single-directivity transmitting-receiving antennas are connected to transceivers, each containing a diversity receiver, respectively.

Abstract: An antenna diversity receiver comprises a zero-IF receiver connected to two antennas (102a, 102b) via switches (532,534). Simultaneous measurement of signal qualities from both antennas is possible by routing signals from the first antenna (102a) via a first mixer (106) and channel filter (116) and routing signals from the second antenna (102b) via a second mixer (108) and channel filter (118). A diversity controller (536) compares the signal qualities received from the antennas (102a,102b) during a data preamble to select a preferred antenna, then adjusts the switches (532,534) to route the signals from the preferred antenna to both input mixers (106,108). The amplifier (104a,104b) connected to the deselected antenna may be switched off during data reception, thereby minimizing extra power consumption.

Abstract: A system for selecting an antenna from a diversity of antennas in a DECT, PWT, or TDMA-based telecommunication system. The system combines multiple criteria to improve antenna diversity selections. The principal selection process is based on preamble diversity comparisons that operate in real-time. A preamble diversity switching circuit measures receive signal strength indicators (RSSl) from a plurality of antennas and selects the antenna that provides the highest RSSl value when the difference between the RSSl values exceeds a threshold. When the value of the RSSl difference falls below the threshold, the next selection process, a cyclical redundancy check (CRC) process is employed. The CRC process decodes a CRC value from a signal's content and compares it to a second threshold. If a CRC error is detected and the CRC value exceeds the second threshold, another antenna is selected.

Abstract: A communication device (101) includes multiple antennas (201-203), multiple receivers (222-224), and a processor (225). The communication device receives a first radio frequency (RF) signal via a first antenna (201) of the multiple antennas and a second RF signal via a second antenna (202) of the multiple antennas. The communication device determines a signal metric for the first RF signal and a signal metric for the second RF signal, compares the determined signal metrics to produce a signal metric comparison, and generates an error signal based on the signal metric comparison. The error signal may be remotely monitored for prompt corrective action.

Abstract: A time slotted system capable of switching between two or more antennas during the guard times of the time slots. Switching between antennas during the guard time of the time slots eliminates any disturbance to the user, since it eliminates any loud noise, or popping that can occur during the switching between antennas. The beamwidth of each of the antennas is narrower than needed to cover a sector of a cell of the system, increasing the size of the cell due to the larger gain of the narrower beamwidth antenna elements. The system also includes a scanning radio for determining the optimal signal amongst the signals received on the antennas, and a switch for coupling the antenna receiving the optimal signal to a receiver system. In one embodiment of the invention the optimal signal is based on the information content of the signal, such as the signal's bit error rate.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are described for selecting for subsequent use an antenna from a plurality of antennas. The selection is biased in favor of the antenna most likely to receive subsequent signals having best signal quality. In a preferred embodiment the signal quality comprises received signal strength.

Abstract: A low-cost diversity antenna switching system and method is realized by controlling bias voltages on PIN diodes. By increasing the reverse bias voltage impressed upon a PIN diode, an RF signal impressed upon the diode is increasingly attenuated. As the PIN diode is forward biased to conduct in the forward direction, RF attenuation decreases. Two or more PIN diodes are used to increasingly attenuate signals from one antenna as attenuation of signals from another antenna is gradually decreased. The progression of the bias voltages is accomplished using a microprocessor that monitors a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) signal from a radio receiver. The RSSI is used to control which of two antennas are coupled into the receiver by predicting a signal fade.

Abstract: This invention provides a CDMA (IS-95) cellular communication system, in which a base station transmits a common broadcast pilot signal through a sector wide beam and traffic signals through narrower adaptive spatial beams by way of an adaptive antenna array. The present invention further provides methods of recovering the phase mismatch between the pilot and traffic signals received at a mobile station, thereby providing for coherent demodulation. By implementing the phase-recovery process at individual mobile stations, the present invention enables the base station to transmit the traffic signals with optimal power gain and minimal interference.

Abstract: The respective resonance frequencies of resonant circuits in the base station and the transponder in identification systems are tuned to a transmission frequency for the wireless transmission of data and energy. In order to achieve an as high as possible transmission efficiency, the resonant circuits must be very accurately tuned to the transmission frequency. Because these systems are subject to temperature fluctuations and other environmental conditions, and manufacture-inherent component tolerances also occur, it is difficult to ensure reliable operation within a tolerance range in which reliable data and energy transmission is possible. Extending this tolerance range would enhance the reliability of these systems. The tolerance range can be extended by increasing the power with which the resonant circuit operates. However, in the case of 100% tuning a field strength is then reached which is substantially larger than necessary for the data and energy transmission.

Abstract: A macrodiversity control system provides a wireless unit with a macrodiversity mode depending on the operating category of the wireless unit. For example, a wireless communications system can have wireless units operating in categories related to the mobility of the wireless unit, such as fixed, limited fixed (mobility within the home cell) and/or fully mobile. For a wireless unit, the macrodiversity mode of the wireless unit can be established depending on the operating category for the wireless unit. Where the wireless unit is fixed and has good reception from a home base station, particularly in regions close to the home base station, macrodiversity for the wireless unit can be restricted. Because the mobility of the wireless unit is restricted in the fixed (or limited fixed) mode, the fading of signals between the home base station and the wireless unit should not be severe, thereby macrodiversity is disabled.

Abstract: Mobile radio communications apparatus having a plurality of transmitting antennas for performing transmission upon selecting whichever of these plurality of antennas is appropriate, wherein the appropriate antenna can be selected even in a case where an object that influences antenna characteristics is in close proximity to the antenna is disclosed. The level of reflected-waves from whichever of the antennas 3, 4 has been selected by a switch 44 is measured by a reflected-wave measurement circuit 48. If the amount of level variation exceeds a predetermined value, the other antenna is used by changing over the switch 44.

Abstract: A low-cost diversity antenna switching system and method is realized by controlling bias voltages on PIN diodes. By increasing the reverse bias voltage impressed upon a PIN diode, an RF signal impressed upon the diode is increasingly attenuated. As the PIN diode is forward biased to conduct in the forward direction, RF attenuation decreases. Two or more PIN diodes are used to increasingly attenuate signals from one antenna as attenuation of signals from another antenna is gradually decreased. The progression of the bias voltages is accomplished using a microprocessor that monitors a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) signal from a radio receiver. The RSSI is used to control which of two antennas are coupled into the receiver by predicting a signal fade.

Abstract: A wireless communications system comprising a first transponder adapted to be coupled to one of a plurality of selectable antennas, having a look-up table including locations holding data representing antennas, and having pointers pointing to selected ones of the locations, the pointers defining an order in which antennas will be used to attempt communication; and a second transponder configured to communicate with the first transponder, wherein the first transponder uses an antenna defined by data in one location of the table for communication with the second transponder, and, if successful communication with the second transponder is not established, the first transponder uses an antenna defined by data in another location of the table selected in accordance with the order defamed by the pointers.

Abstract: Received signal strength detecting means 109 and 110 detect received signal strength of the antennas of the respective terminals. A transmission antenna selector 111 selects an antenna with a maximum received signal strength with respect to the respective communication destinations, and when there is a plurality of communication destinations having the same antenna with a maximum received signal strength, the transmission antenna selector selects transmission antennas to be different from each other based on the received signal strength of the antennas with the second largest received signal strength, and an internal switch of a transmission antenna change device 114 is changed based on the selection result. This eliminates the need for providing mixers without reducing transmission diversity effect, and results in a reduction of a maximum output of a transmission amplifier.

Abstract: An antenna diversity system for receiving frequency-modulated (FM) radio signals with the phase-controlled summation of antenna signals for motor vehicles equipped with a multi-antenna system having at least two antenna output signals, and a receiver with an input for each of a first and a second received signal path, wherein the second of the two received signal paths contains a phase-shifter controlled by a phase-controller. The received signal has the same phase on the output of the phase-shifter as in the first signal path. The two received signals are added up in a phase-coincident manner in a summation circuit, and the added-up signal is supplied to the FM frequency modulator.

Abstract: A diversity receiver includes a plurality of antennas, a receiving unit for receiving radio waves via the antennas, a phase adjuster disposed for each said antenna and connected thereto for adjusting a phase angle of a radio wave received by each of the antennas to a value to increase gain of each antenna to which the phase adjuster is not connected, and a switching unit, operative in response to a control signal indicating a selected antenna having a best reception state to receive an external radio wave, for connecting the selected antenna to the receiving unit, for disconnecting the selected antenna from the phase adjuster and non-selected antennas other than the selected antenna, and for connecting the non-selected antennas to the phase adjuster associated therewith. The phase adjuster is connected in a stage subsequent to the switching unit viewed from the antennas. This configuration provides a highly efficient diversity receiver.

Abstract: A wireless communications system comprising a first transponder adapted to be coupled to one of a plurality of selectable antennas, having a look-up table including locations holding data representing antennas, and having pointers pointing to selected ones of the locations, the pointers defining an order in which antennas will be used to attempt communication; and a second transponder configured to communicate with the first transponder, wherein the first transponder uses an antenna defined by data in one location of the table for communication with the second transponder, and, if successful communication with the second transponder is not established, the first transponder uses an antenna defined by data in another location of the table selected in accordance with the order defined by the pointers.

Abstract: The radio system for remote control operation in a stationary vehicle includes a transmitter outside of the vehicle which transmits a predetermined high frequency radio transmission in a meter wavelength band designed to be received only by a receiver located in the vehicle to the receiver (1) in a predetermined radio channel. The radio system includes at least two receiving antennas (2a,2b) mounted on the vehicle (5), which are decoupled from each other in a diversity-type manner in a frequency band of the radio channel and a respective one of these antennas is connected to the receiver tuned to this frequency channel with the help of a selection circuit (3) during a ready mode of the receiver (1).

Abstract: A system is provided for detecting the presence of an FM-modulated audio signal from an auxiliary source, and operating a switch to provide that audio signal to a tuner in lieu of the radio frequency signal received at the tuner antenna. The tuner can be a vehicle tuner. The system also comprises a modulator unit for modulating the audio signal and an output plug for insertion into a cigarette lighter receptacle or power receptacle of a vehicle. A radio frequency transmission line, such as a coaxial cable, connects the cigarette lighter receptacle or power receptacle to the vehicle battery and to an antenna switch unit and transports both DC power and the FM-modulated audio signal. The antenna switch unit comprises switched inputs for the vehicle antenna and the output from the modulator unit, and a radio frequency signal detection device for detecting when the FM-modulated audio signal is present. The antenna switch unit provides the output from the modulator unit to the tuner whenever it is detected.

Abstract: An inexepensive diversity receiver compares the received signal strength signal with a threshold value. When the received signal falls below the threshold value a signal is transmitted through a conductor and a delay circuit to a NAND gate. If the signal is applied to the the two inputs of the NAND gate at the same time, the output of the NAND gate switches a bistable flip-flop which in turn connects or disconnects a second antenna that is 180 degrees in phase from the first antenna between a state in which the signals from the two antenna is combined and a state in which they are not combined and only one antenna applies signals to the receiver.

Abstract: A technique for converting a non-sectorized cell to a sectorized cell having multiple sectors utilizing a single broadband processing unit. The spectrum of a given frequency band having a center frequency ′&OHgr;o is divided into multiple bands (three, for example) having center frequencies ′&OHgr;o, ′&OHgr;o−&agr; and ′&OHgr;o+&agr;. In the receive path, respective sub-bands are used to convey analog RF signals from a subscriber in respective sectors to an associated transceiver. Each of the transceivers includes a front end for receiving incoming RF signals and an analog-to-digital converter for converting the analog signal to a digital data stream. The digital data streams from transceivers are combined, i.e., processed by digitally adding, and supplied to a single channelizer which, in turn, supplies the data to a TDM bus for transmission to a PSTN network.

Abstract: Corresponding to transmission data 101, phase controller 105 is controlled to shift a phase of modulated signal 103 by 0° or 180°. Planes of polarization of modulated signals to be transmitted from antennas 106 and 107 are made different from each other corresponding to transmission data 101. The electric field strength of a signal received at antenna 108 changes corresponding to the plane of polarization, thereby voltage value 113 output from electric field strength detector 111 varies corresponding to transmission data 101, and using this variation, judged result 115 is obtained. Two results, namely, demodulated data 112 and judged result 115 are input to comparing circuit 116, whereby the reception apparatus is capable of obtaining received data 117 with high quality.

Abstract: A speed estimation apparatus detects the change of a transmission power control command transmitted from a receiving station and estimates the moving speed of the receiving station in mobile communications of a spread spectrum system. The speed estimation apparatus also generates a desired signal power by extracting a desired signal from received signals and estimates the moving speed of a corresponding transmitting station using the desired signal power.

Abstract: A wireless device includes a switching portion which has a common switch (4) operated in both transmission and reception of radio signals and a reception dedicated switch (3) operated only in signal reception. A switch controller (11) is also included in the wireless device and controls the common switch to connect between the transmitting portion and one of the antennas that is selected and further controls the reception dedicated switch to separate the receiving portion from the common switch on signal transmission. The switch controller further controls both the common switch and the reception dedicated switch to connect between the receiving portion and one of the antennas that is designated on signal reception.