Abstract: An apparatus and a method for cancelling distortion in a direct conversion receiver, such distortion created by the mixing of the desired signal with the output signal of an local oscillator. Subsequent to filtering the mixer output signal, the even mode distortion component is extracted, phase shifted, amplified and recombined with the mixed signal in such manner as to suppress even order distortion.

Abstract: An FM reciever which provides a rapid determination of the field strength of FM transmitters has a circuit arrangement which includes an FM demodulator and is characterized in that the output signal of the FM demodulator is applied to a comparator which, in response, produces an output signal that will assume a low or a high amplitude. The comparator precedes an integrator stage whose output signal has a high amplitude only when the output signal of the FM demodulator is suitable for field strength evaluation.

Abstract: A digital radio receiver generates coherent signals for synchronous detection without use of a phase-locked loop by employing an adaptive notch filter to cancel the desired signal. The cancelling signal is employed as the coherent signal for synchronous detection. The invention obtains faster locking to the desired signal, a wider capture range, and more efficient software coding in a digital signal processing receiver.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting noise in communications channels in electrical power transmission systems and generating squelch signals, for transfer-trip receivers for performing protection and control functions, detects changes in a period of an analog signal and generates a signal in response to such changes. The apparatus receives an analog signal, generates zero-pulses corresponding to zero-transitions of the analog signal, generates an error pulse when an interval between successive ones of the zero-pulses either exceeds a preselected long window interval or is less than a preselected short window interval, and generates, in response to the error pulse, a squelch signal.

Abstract: In receiving apparatus of a digital communication system, a received signal burst is demodulated to produce inphase (I) and quadrature (Q) baseband signals which are digitized to provide a set of signal-value pairs for the burst. Each pair consists of an I-value and a corresponding Q-value. The modulation is such that the pairs, if plotted on a complex signal space (I-Q) diagram, would lie substantially on a common circle. To cancel DC offsets in the I and Q signal paths, the average I-value and average Q-value over the burst are found and subtracted respectively from the I- and Q-values of each signal-value pair, to shift the circle so the origin of the I-Q diagram lies within the circle. Then, to restore the DC content of the I and Q signals, the distances I.sub.i1, Q.sub.i2, I.sub.i3 and Q.sub.i4 of signal-value pairs from the I- or Q-axis are averaged in four regions of the I-Q diagram.

Abstract: Pulsewidth-modulated amplifier (100) includes a controller (102) which provides for a set of compensated signals (114, 158 and 160). The compensated signals are used for driving a speaker (136). Controller (100) includes a storage area for storing distortion characteristics for the amplifier for a predetermined operational frequency range. The compensated drive signals (114, 158 and 160) help compensate for the electrical non-linear distortions that occur in amplifier (100) and thereby help reduce the output distortion of amplifier (100).

Abstract: In a receiver, a plurality of amplifiers each having a particular amplification factor amplifies a received signal. Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) each converts the output of the respective amplifier to a digital value. The resulting digital values from the ADCs are written to respective memories. At the same time, maximum amplitude detectors respectively detect the maximum amplitudes of the associated digital values. A comparator locates, among the lines where the maximum amplitude of a burst does not reach either a positive saturation level or a negative saturation level, the line having a great amplification factor every time a burst appears. On receiving a control signal from the comparator, a selector transfers the digital value stored in the memory of the line selected to a signal processor. The signal processor demodulates and decodes the received signal based on the input digital value and delivers the output thereof to an output terminal.

Abstract: An FM noise reduction circuit including a level detection circuit receiving an intermediate frequency signal. The level detection circuit rectifies the intermediate frequency signal, and outputs a rectified intermediate frequency signal. A first frequency filter passes the rectified intermediate frequency signal in a first frequency range, and outputs a first voltage responsive to the portion of the rectified intermediate frequency signal passed in the first frequency range. A first interference signal detection circuit includes a second frequency filter. The second frequency filter passes the rectified intermediate frequency signal in a second frequency range and outputs a second voltage responsive to the portion of the rectified intermediate frequency signal passed in the second frequency range. The second interference signal detection circuit includes a third frequency filter.

Abstract: A frequency modulation (FM) stereo broadcast receiver detects the onset of multipath interference based on phase changes in the received stereo pilot signal. In a preferred embodiment, the phase of the received pilot signal is compared to the phase of a regenerated pilot from a phase-locked loop in a stereo decoder circuit. The severity of a multipath event is determined by the phase shift detected at the onset of the multipath event.

Abstract: There is described an electronic circuit which operates an Amplitude Locked Loop. The circuit comprises a voltage controlled amplifier, a modulus detector and an integrator combined in a feedback loop. An FM signal decoder is also described as are a number of applications of Amplitude Locked Loop.

Abstract: A magnetostatic wave (MSW) signal-to-noise (S/N) enhancer includes a divider for dividing an input signal into a first and a second path signals, first and second microwave-MSW transducers for transducing the first and second path signals into the first and second path transduced signals, and a combiner for combining the first and second path transduced signals in opposite phase to each other. The first path signal contains a desired signal which is higher than a first saturation level and a noise component which is lower than the first path threshold power level. The first microwave-MSW transducer outputs the noise in linear operation and the desired signal in saturation operation. All the component signals of the second path signal including noise are lower than the second path threshold power level and are output in a linear operation by the second microwave-MSW transducer.

Abstract: A demodulation apparatus incorporating an adaptive equalizer, capable of realizing a highly reliable communication, lower power consumption, and a compact size. In the demodulation apparatus, an output of one of two demodulators, at least one of which including an equalizer, is selected according to a presence or absence of multipath which is determined from a non-coincidence of bit codes, eye apertures, bit error ratea, or a matched filter output, while the operation of the other demodulator is stopped for reduction of power consumption, by stopping a supply of power or clock signals to the other demodulator. In a case using a frequency offset detection unit and a frequency offset memory, one of these is selected according to a convergence or divergence of an error signal from an equalizer, while the operation of the other one is stopped for reduction of power consumption.

Abstract: Apparatus for demodulating information signals frequency-modulated on an RF carrier signal carrying spectral components within the audio frequency range, a pilot carrier signal having an imparted phase shift from the phase of the transmitted pilot carrier signal, and amplitude-modulated spectral components having another imparted phase shift in a subcarrier channel frequency range above the audio frequency range. The apparatus includes a demodulator for demodulating the frequency-modulated information signals to provide a detected composite signal which includes a detected pilot carrier characterized by an imparted phase shift due to the effects of multipath reception, and detected amplitude modulated spectral components exhibiting another multipath induced phase shift.

Abstract: A demodulation apparatus incorporating an adaptive equalizer, capable of realizing a highly reliable communication, lower power consumption, and a compact size. In the demodulation apparatus, an output of one of two demodulators, at least one of which including an equalizer, is selected according to a presence or absence of multipath which is determined from a non-coincidence of bit codes, eye apertures, bit error rates, or a matched filter output, while the operation of the other demodulator is stopped for reduction of power consumption, by stopping a supply of power or clock signals to the other demodulator. In a case using a frequency offset detection unit and a frequency offset memory, one of these is selected according to a convergence or divergence of an error signal from an equalizer, while the operation of the other one is stopped for reduction of power consumption.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a discussion of a radio receiver. The radio receiver has at least two operational states and includes a variable gain amplifier and at least two adaptive DC offset compensators (421, 427) to suppress undesired DC offset. The first operational state of the radio receiver (121) adjusts the adaptive DC offset compensator circuits (421, 427) to appropriate output levels in absence of an input signal to the radio (121). The second operational state receives the input signal through the radio receiver (121) and eliminates the undesired DC offset (309) from the received input signal with the adaptive DC offset compensator circuits (421, 427) and allows the received input signals to be processed.

Abstract: In order to reduce the disturbances caused by the head switch in a videotape recorder, in an arrangement for demodulating an FM modulated signal, a fixed value in the hold circuit used for maintaining the fixed value for the signal during the head switch, is selected such that it is situated at a value the interpolated signal would have had during the head switch time interval (T.sub.1) at an instant situated between 0.3 T.sub.1 and 0.8 T.sub.1 in the head switch interval. This may be realized with a delay unit which realizes a delay T.sub.v for which holds: 0.3 T.sub.1 <T.sub.v <0.8 T.sub.1.

Abstract: An FM demodulating circuit using a tracking filter is disclosed, in which the operation of the tracking filter following the frequency of the signal inputted therein is made more precise by using the tracking filter and an oscillator driven by a same control signal.

Abstract: In a synchronous demodulator for demodulating a carrier signal modulated with a useful signal, the demodulator including a filter circuit (2) for selecting the carrier signal, a limiter (3) for generating an amplitude-limited reference signal from the carrier signal, a phase shifter (4) for shifting the phase of the reference signal through a phase angle of essentially 90.degree. with respect to the carrier signal, and a multiplier (5) for multiplicatively combining the modulated carrier signal with the phase shifted reference signal, a simple arrangement effectively suppresses interference phase modulations, in that a dc mixing product is supplied (via 8) by the multiplier (5) as a measure of the frequency deviation of the carrier signal from the pass frequency of the filter circuit (2) as a control signal to this filter circuit for the purpose of controlling the pass frequency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing noise fluctuation in a linked compressor-expander (Lincompex) telecommunications system in which an artificial tone signal is injected into a demodulator of the communication system to bias the output toward self quieting. The artificial tone is developed to have a level that is effective below a threshold level of Lincompex demodulation such that during normal communication transmission, the artificial tone has no deleterious effect, while below the demodulation threshold, random noise inputs are effectively biased to a constant level to produce a quieting effect on the demodulator output.

Abstract: An FM detection circuit utilizes a first multiplier and phase shift circuit to demodulate an FM signal. The output signal also contains harmonic distortion as a result of the demodulation process. A gain control circuit is included to provide a first gain control signal to the first multiplier which adjusts the magnitude of the output signal of the FM detection circuit in such a manner as to substantially eliminate the harmonic distortion. The gain control circuit uses a second multiplier to generate an output signal proportional to the square of the output signal of the phase shift circuit which is then compared to a constant current to produce an error signal proportional to the harmonic distortion. The error signal controls the magnitude of the first gain control signal such that the output signal of the FM detection circuit is proportional to the deviation of the FM signal from its center frequency.

Abstract: Intermediate frequency signals are produced by mixing with an oscillator voltage and subsequently filtered and demodulated. The oscillator voltage or the resonance frequency of the filter or filters are followed up by a control voltage derived from the demodulated signal corresponding to the intermediate frequency. The perturbatory phase modulator occurring as a result of the control lag is compensated by opposite-phase phase-modulation which is superimposed on the intermediate frequency. In this, the phase modulation is achieved by a phase modulator which is connected with the output of a demodulator by a matching circuit. Another possibility for achieving phase modulation of the intermeidate frequency is to modulate the oscillator of the mixing stage.

Abstract: Envelope detector comprising a differential amplifier (A), a full-wave rectifier circuit and a smoothing filter (AF), which differential amplifier (A) converts an input voltage into a pair of current signals in phase opposition and which full-wave rectifier circuit comprises a pair of half-wave rectifiers (HWR1, HWR2) for half-wave rectifying the said pair of current signals, coupled to a first combining stage (S) for combining the output signals of the two half-wave rectifiers (HWR1, HWR2) with like polarity, which first combining stage (S) supplies a full-wave rectified signal. In order to reduce d.c. offsets, the detector comprises a frequency-dependent negative feedback loop which comprises a second combining stage (D) coupled to the outputs (R.sub.o1, R.sub.o2) of the pair of half-wave rectifiers (HWR1, HWR2) for combining the output signals of the pair of half-wave rectifiers (HWR1, HWR2) with opposite polarity, said second combining stage (D) being negatively fed back to the input (I.sub.

Abstract: A capacitor bias unit includes a first path (26) having a first impedance (29) and a second path (27) having a low impedance and a switch (31) connected between a voltage reference source and a capacitor (23). The capacitor can either be subjected to normal charge characterisitics or quick charge by closing the switch (31). Maintaining an appropriately charged state on the capacitor (23) aids in preventing netting error voltage steps from introducing DC component signals that adversely effect proper decoding and reception of demodulated data.

Abstract: A detector for indicating reception disturbances during frequency modulated ultrashort wave broadcast reception, particularly in power vehicles, has a detector for indicating frequency disturbance deviations in high frequency or intermediate frequency carriers and an amplitude modulation detector for indicating disturbance amplitude modulation in the high frequency or intermediate frequency carrier, and an evaluating circuit with two inputs arranged so that the output signals of the detectors are supplied to the respective inputs of the evaluating circuit and an output signal of the evaluating circuit depends both on the disturbance amplitude modulation and the frequency disturbance deviation.

Abstract: An adaptive audio filter system is disclosed which comprises a filter means capable of producing a plurality of frequency response characteristics. A control signal generating means provides a control signal to the filter means to enable a particular frequency response. The control signal is based upon the signal to noise ratio.

Abstract: A multipath noise detecting circuit, which is not affected by ignition noise nor by the level of the antenna input voltage, includes a band pass filter having a mean frequency of 114 KH supplied with signals output from a FM demodulator, an AM detector for subjecting the signal input from said band pass filter to AM-detection, and a detector section for detecting as multipath noise the pulses included in the signal output from said AM-detector.

Abstract: A gate circuit is configured to output a received signal via a buffer amplifier, enter the output in a storage capacitor via a first switching circuit normally taking its off-position, compare the signal levels at both ends of the switching circuit and feed back the comparison result to an input terminal via a second switching circuit normally taking its on-position, and configured so that when noise components in the received signal are detected, a control signal is produced to change the first switching circuit to its on-position and the second switching circuit to its off-position.

Abstract: A switching device is provided for suppressing a signal. A signal source is connected to a first differential amplifier. The first differential amplifier receives an operating current from a current source. A second differential amplifier receives an operating current from a current source, and has an input connected to a common signal terminal. A conversion circuit connects the first differential amplifier and second differential amplifier outputs. An output amplifier is connected to the conversion circuit output for amplifying a single ended output of the conversion circuit. A signal from the output amplifier is suppressed by switching the operating current of said first differential amplifier and said output amplifier off, while simultaneously switching the operating current of the second differential amplifier on.

Abstract: A detector for indicating reception disturbances during ultrashort wave broadcast reception by demodulating of intermediate frequency signals has a frequency modulated demodulator with a demodulation characteristic line formed so that a controlling region within which the output signal increases with increasing frequency deviation from a carrier frequency extends advantageously over the entire band width of the ultrashort wave intermediate frequency channel and is significantly greater than the maximum frequency deviation of the intermediate frequency carrier modulated with the basic band signal in the frequency, and the output signal of the frequency demodulator is supplied to an evaluating circuit at whose output the exceeding of a predetermined frequency disturbance deviation threshold is indicated by a logic signal.

Abstract: A phase lock loop demodulator has its loop amplifier and filter designed such that the transfer function of the amplifier and filter is optimized for the presence of sound and color subcarriers. An equalizer circuit is included in the demodulator for equalizing the demodulator response and has a transfer function which is independent of the transfer function of the loop filter and amplifier whereby to render the demodulator insensitive to small frequency errors around the subcarrier frequencies.

Abstract: An apparatus for demodulating a frequency modulated input signal having a carrier signal component, including a filter for allowing only signals having frequency around the frequency of the carrier signal component and a demodulator connected to the filter for performing frequency demodulation, is provided with a noise eliminating circuit at a stage immediately before the filter. With this provision, an impulse noise having spectrum components of very wide band and which could not be rejected by the filter in prior art apparatuses, is eliminated before the demodulation.

Abstract: A frequency modulation detection arrangement comprises an FM detector and an injection-locked frequency divider arranged for receiving a radio signal and for providing a frequency divided radio signal in response thereto. The FM detector is coupled with the injection-locked frequency divider for receiving the frequency divided radio signal therefrom and for producing a signal indicative of the information content of the modulating wave of the radio signal.

Abstract: A radio receiver has an IF amplifier whose output is connected to an AM demodulator and an FM demodulator. The noise level at the output of the FM demodulator is measured and, when it exceeds a predetermined threshold level, the audio output stage of the receiver is disconnected from the circuit. Noise generated when amplitude modulated signals with a high degree of modulation are received may cause unwanted disconnection of the output circuit. This is prevented by a circuit connected to the output of the AM demodulator which detects negative peaks of the modulation signal which exceed a negative threshold. The integrated peak signals form a correction signal which prevents disconnection of the output stage.

Abstract: Video frequency demodulator having a phase-locked loop (P.L.L.) intended more specifically for receiving signals transmitted via satellites, in which the bandwidth of the loop is adjusted as a function of the signal/noise ratio for adapting the demodulation threshold. Measuring the signal/noise ratio is realized by sampling (10, 12, 25) briefly the demodulated output signal (13) at the beginning of a picture field scan, rectifying this signal (10) and comparing (7) the stored rectified signal (14) to a predetermined voltage value (21). The signal coming from the comparator (16) is applied to the gain-control input of a variable-gain amplifier (6) incorporated in the control loop.

Abstract: An automotive radio receiver with a radio frequency interference elimination includes a noise detector adapted to detect noise in the power source wiring and a circuit for eliminating radio frequency interference noise. The detector is physically connected to the power source wiring so that it can satisfactorily detect noise in the power source wiring such as spark ignition noise and switching noise of the automotive electric equipment. The noise elimination circuit includes a switch normally closed and responsive to the noise signal produced by the noise detector to open, and a capacitor for holding the radio signal level while the switch is opened and discharging the constant-level signal for reproduction of the radio sound.

Abstract: There is disclosed a distortion cancel circuit in FM stereo receiver, which circuit synthesizes a canceling signal mainly including the distortion component by performing the arithmetic operation for an FM demodulation signal and adjusts the level of this synthesized canceling signal and thereafter subtractively combining it with the FM demodulation signal. This circuit enables the elimination of harmonic distortion which appears in the stereo MPX signal output due to the band characteristic of an intermediate frequency amplifier.

Abstract: In a distortion canceller to remove the distortion of a demodulated signal in an FM receiver, the n-th power of the demodulated FM signal is produced and then differentiated to derive an n-th order distortion signal. The derived n-th order distortion signal is adjusted in its amplitude level and then combined with the demodulated FM signal so that the n-th distortion component can be cancelled.

Abstract: Multilevel baseband signals are applied to a full-wave rectifying section which produces first and second outputs. These outputs are applied to an analog-to-digital converting means which produces a plurality of recovered binary digital signals and an error signal. A controller is supplied with at least one recovered binary digital signal and the error signal, and produces two control signals which are fed to the full-wave rectifying section to compensate (a) first DC-drifts superimposed on the multilevel baseband signal and (b) second DC-drifts generated within the full-wave rectifying section itself.

Abstract: In radio communications receivers for use on frequency hopping radio communications networks, the received signal in each hop period is analyzed and assigned a quality value. If more than one signal is present during the hop period it is determined that more than one network has changed to the same frequency. Similarly if the received signal is out of synchronism it is determined that more than one network has changed to the same frequency. When more than one network has changed to the same frequency, the received signal is not output by the receiver but is replaced by an earlier (or later) received signal.

Abstract: An automotive radio receiver with a radio frequency interference elimination includes a noise detector adapted to detect noise in the power source wiring and a circuit for eliminating radio frequency interference noise. The detector is physically connected to the power source wiring so that it can satisfactorily detect noise in the power source wiring such as spark ignition noise and switching noise of the automotive electric equipments. The noise elimination circuit includes a switch normally closed and responsive to the noise signal produced by the noise detector to open, and a capacitor for holding the radio signal level while the switch is opened and discharging the constant-level signal for reproduction of the radio sound.

Abstract: A communications receiver squelch circuit for use in frequency modulation systems which has tight squelch sensitivity. The squelch circuit includes two audio limiters and provides improved squelch sensitivity and squelch action that is independent of carrier modulation and significantly minimizes squelch clamping and squelch boost characteristics.

Abstract: A system is disclosed in which signals are presented to a listener with a spatial impression in which the signal which is desired appears to be coming from a source in front of the listener while other signals appear to be coming from audio sources to the right and left of the listener. The same is achieved through a combination of a heterodyne type detector and a combination of high pass and low pass filters receiving the output of the detector. The outputs of the high and low pass filters are separately amplified and each sent to one ear of the listener.

Abstract: A receiver with squelch capability includes squelch gate control circuitry which operates the squelch gate on the basis of substantially pure noise even in environments such as offset carrier networks which cause or create substantial interference energy in the receiver.

Abstract: A previous level holding circuit is connected to an output of an FM demodulator to eliminate dropout disturbance from a reproduced audio signal from a record medium on which an FM-modulated audio signal has been recorded. The previous level holding circuit is controlled by an output of a circuit for detecting dropout in the reproduced signal and comprises a gate circuit operable in response to a dropout detection signal and a capacitor. During the occurrence of dropout, the previous level holding circuit holds and produces the reproduced output level assumed immediately before the dropout to eliminate the noise due to the dropout.

Abstract: An audio distortion elimination circuit is provided which eliminates the effects of periodic decreases in signal amplitude of an audio signal. A comb filter includes an undelayed signal path, a signal path including a delay line and a combining circuit coupled between a source of audio signals and an audio output circuit. The combining circuit combines the delayed and undelayed audio signals to provide a response for the comb filter which is a function of the delay of the delay line and exhibits periodically recurring points of maximum attenuation at the fundamental frequency of the periodic decreases in signal amplitude and at harmonics thereof. The comb filter may be made adaptive so that comb filtering is provided only during reception of a distorted signal.

Abstract: A soft quantizer for assigning numerical weights to hard quantized output bits of a binary digital detector in a digital receiver based on the noise energy level of the received baseband data. An analog signal, derived from the discriminator noise level, is digitized by an analog to digital converter for use as an address to look up predetermined numerical weights for soft quantized values in a memory table. The addressed numerical weights are combined with the hard quantized output bits of the digital detector to generate soft quantized data values.

Abstract: A noise eliminating circuit capable of detecting a frequency component largely contained in a pulsive noise from an input signal and cutting off a signal path upon detection of such a frequency component for eliminating the pulsive noise, which circuit is characterized by means for keeping the signal path cut off for the duration when the input signal exceeds a preset level.

Abstract: In receiving apparatus for a double-sideband amplitude-modulated wave, a synchronous detector which samples the modulated wave for short periods centered on instants of peaks of the carrier at regularly-occurring intervals, with a sampling frequency greater than the Nyquist frequency for the modulating wave, equal to the carrier frequency divided by an integer, and reconstructs the modulating wave from the sequence of samples in a reconstruction filter. This detector has a high output signal-to-noise ratio and produces a distortionless output with positive or negative overmodulation, and with reduced or suppressed carrier.

Abstract: This invention provides improvements of noise-reducing apparatus for a signal with superimposed noise. The improvement comprises means for double sampling of a signal with the instants of zero-crossings known or ascertainable at the receiving apparatus and with superimposed noise each sampling carried out at intervals not greater than the Nyquist interval for the signal, to produce two interlaced sequences of samples, reconstructing the signal plus superimposed noise from the first sequence of samples, taken at instants near peaks of the signal, reconstructing the superimposed noise only from the second sequence of samples, taken at instants of zero-crossings of the signal, and subtracting the reconstructed superimposed noise from the reconstructed signal plus superimposed noise, to produce the signal substantially free from the superimposed noise.

Abstract: A noise eliminating circuit for detecting and eliminating a noise pulse component included in an amplitude modulated wave, characterized by a circuit arrangement wherein an output of a detector circuit which is adapted to receive an input signal from an IF stage is coupled to an input of a band-pass filter through a noise amplifier; an output of said band-pass filter is coupled to an input of a pulse generator circuit; an output of said pulse generator circuit is connected to a gate circuit for stopping an audio AGC control operation and a gate circuit for eliminating a noise; an output of said noise amplifier is connected to an AGC control circuit through said gate circuit for stopping the audio AGC operation in order to apply an audio AGC control signal to said noise amplifier; and an output of said band-pass filter is connected to said AGC control circuit in order to apply a noise AGC to said noise amplifier; whereby said pulse generator circuit generates a pulse in response to the detection of the noise s