Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) transceiver includes a first oscillator configured to generate a first oscillation frequency associated with an RF signal, a second oscillator configured to generate a second oscillation frequency associated with a clock frequency, a counter configured to generate a counter output signal using the first oscillation frequency and the second oscillation frequency, and a comparer configured to generate a digital output signal associated with the RF signal by comparing an output value of the counter output signal to a reference value.

Abstract: A distributed antenna system includes a master unit configured to receive at least one set of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel signals from at least one signal source. The master unit is configured to frequency convert at least one of the MIMO channel signals to a different frequency from an original frequency, and combine the MIMO channel signals for transmission. An optical link couples the master unit with a unit remote from the master unit for transceiving the MIMO channel signals. Conversion circuitry is configured to frequency convert at least one of the first and second MIMO channel signals from the different frequency back to an original frequency for transmission over an antenna.

Abstract: A method of collecting information for supplementing a trusted estimate of position. The method comprises: receiving first information sufficient to derive a trusted estimate of a first position; receiving an indication that a supplementary estimate of a second position in the vicinity of the first position may be required; in response to the indication, sensing information comprising the identity of at least one terrestrial wireless source observable in the vicinity of the first position; and storing the sensed information in association with the first position. The method enables the trusted estimate of the first position to subsequently be used to estimate any said second position from which the at least one wireless source is observable.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is described. The integrated circuit includes millimeter-wavelength transceiver circuitry. The millimeter-wavelength transceiver circuitry includes a local oscillator that generates a millimeter-wavelength oscillator signal. The millimeter-wavelength transceiver circuitry also includes mixers coupled to the local oscillator. The mixers are within an area without millimeter-wavelength structures. The mixers convert signals based on the millimeter-wavelength oscillator signal.

Abstract: A holographic imaging system including a transmission line coupled to an antenna at one end and to a signal source at another end. The antenna defines an aperture through which a signal generated by the signal source is transmitted incident to an object located remotely from the aperture and through which a signal reflected from the object is received by the antenna aperture. A standing wave probe phase-referenced to the antenna aperture samples the reflected signal. A detector connected to the standing wave probe receives the sampled reflected signal and provides an output signal that represents a real-valued signal proportional to an in-phase component of the reflected signal from the object. A processor executes an imaging algorithm for generating a multi-dimensional profile representative of the object based on the output signal from the detector.

Abstract: A mixer includes an input stage to convert an RF input signal to an output signal, and a mixer core to mix the output signal from the input stage with a local oscillator signal. The input stage may include an input cell having a first differential pair of cross-connected transistors, and a linearizer coupled to the input cell. The linearizer may include a second differential pair of transistors having first and second inputs coupled to the input terminals and first and second outputs coupled to the output terminals.

Abstract: A frequency resolver and a method for using the resolver. The resolver includes an oscillator circuit, a mixer circuit, and a controller circuit. The oscillator circuit is configured to provide at least two oscillated signals. The mixer circuit is coupled to the oscillator circuit and includes a first frequency mixer and a second frequency mixer for mixing an incoming RF transmission with the two oscillated signals. The mixer circuit further is configured to provide a first output signal from the first mixer and a second output signal from the second mixer. The controller circuit is coupled to the mixer circuit and configured to determine whether at least one of the first or second output signals are associated with an upper sideband (USB) frequency or a lower sideband (LSB) frequency of the RF transmission.

Abstract: Radio frequency (RF) architectures for spectrum access networks are provided. Embodiments of the invention generally provide a radio frequency (RF) architecture for customer premise equipment (CPE) for use in, for example, IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area networks (WRANs). In some embodiments, the CPE RF architecture includes two receive chains with a directional antenna and an omni-directional antenna, respectively. The CPE RF architecture facilitates opportunistic out-of-band spectrum sensing and WRAN signal receiving that are performed in parallel with data transmission.

Abstract: Example embodiments comprise a diversity receiver, and corresponding method, for measuring a differential phase between a first local oscillator of a first antenna and a second local oscillator of a second antenna in the presence of a primary interference signal and at least one secondary interference signal. The method may comprise receiving a primary communication signal, a primary reference signal and additional reference signals, and processing these signals such that a summation signal does not substantially comprise the at least one secondary interference signal. The estimation of differential phase is achieved by a phase shift calculation between processed signal components, using that a summation of all signal components equals, or is approximately equal to, a predetermined signal.

Abstract: A conversion circuit (20) for converting a complex analog input signal having an in-phase, I, component and a quadrature-phase, Q, component resulting from frequency down conversion of a radio-frequency, RF, signal (XRF) to a frequency band covering 0 Hz into a digital representation is disclosed. It comprises a channel-selection filter unit (40) arranged to filter the complex analog input signal, thereby generating a channel-filtered I and Q components, and one or more processing units (53, 53a-b). Each processing unit comprises four mixers (60-75) for generating a first and a second frequency-translated I component and a first and a second channel-filtered Q component based on two LO signals with equal LO frequency and a 90° mutual phase shift. Furthermore, each processing unit comprises a combiner unit (85, 120) for generating a first, a second, a third, and a fourth combined signal proportional to sums and differences between said frequency translated I and Q components.

Abstract: The noise response in a passive mixer circuit is improved by discharging the switching transistors in the mixer circuit in an appropriate time slot prior to activation. In addition to improving the noise response, tilt in conversion gains and linearity can be reduced. A passive mixer circuit includes bypass switches arranged in proximity to the switching transistors that make up the mixer core. These bypass switches, which are activated in intervals just prior to the active intervals of their neighboring switching transistors, discharge to ground accumulated charges on the switching transistors or on reactive components around switches.

Abstract: The present invention relates to automatic gain control methods and apparatus for controlling a signal level of a signal at a predetermined location in a signal path of a receiver chain. An automatic gain controller comprises a local signal modifier device for selecting based on an error signal and an oscillator signal from a plurality of alternative oscillator signals, and for providing the selected oscillator signal to a signal mixer located in the receiver chain upstream of said predetermined location for frequency translation of an input signal to said signal mixer.

Abstract: Embodiments related to analog front-ends for wireless and wired are described and depicted.

Abstract: A method and system of optimizing transmit beam forming in a multiple radio wireless system is provided. A stimulus signal can be provided to an analog receive input of a device under test (DUT), wherein the DUT includes multiple radios. A receive phase and amplitude can be measured at baseband using the stimulus signal for each radio. At this point, a receive weight and its conjugate can be determined using the receive phases and amplitudes. A calibration vector and its conjugate can also be determined, wherein a product of the receive weight conjugate and the calibration vector conjugate generate a transmit weight. This transmit weight can be applied to transmit signals during the transmit beam forming using the multiple radios.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for splitting a wide band input signal and overlaying multiple frequency bands on each path associated with one or more digitizers. All frequencies from the split signal on each path can be fed to a mixer. The local oscillator of each mixer receives a sum of signals, which can each be set to any arbitrary frequency, as long as an associated matrix determinant of coefficients is non-zero. Each oscillator signal is multiplied by a coefficient, which can represent phase and magnitude, prior to summing the oscillator signals together. Each mixer mixes a combined signal with the input, thereby generating a set of multiple overlaid frequency bands. The digitized signals are processed to substantially reconstruct the original input signal. Thus, the wide band input signal is digitized using multiple individual digitizers. In particular, a system can support two wide band signals using four digitizers of narrower bandwidth.

Abstract: In a receiver circuit, an analog signal processor frequency-converts an input high frequency signal into a baseband signal, and performs low pass filtering at a cutoff frequency below a desired-wave band. An ADC converts an output of the analog signal processor into a digital signal. A digital signal processor compensates an output of the ADC for a signal component in the desired-wave band which has been attenuated by the filtering operation of the analog signal processor.

Abstract: A cell-based vehicle driving control system includes a local server for obtaining road environment information on roads within a cell and target vehicle information on a target vehicle within the cell and generating local waypoints based on the road environment information and the target vehicle information; a global server for monitoring the target vehicle information, the road environment information and local server information on the local server received from the local server; and a vehicle control terminal, mounted in the target vehicle, for receiving the local waypoints from the local server and controlling the target vehicle based on the local waypoints. The road environment information is obtained by using at least one sensor installed on the roads.

Abstract: An agile RF tuner circuit capable of converting a wide portion of RF signal into an IF signal suitable for analog-to-digital conversion. The circuit up converts a received RF signal to a high IF signal and then down converts the high IF signal to a low IF signal. Embodiments of the RF circuit incorporate harmonic reject mixers to suppress harmonics and intermodulations typically associated with the frequency conversion process.

Abstract: Radio frequency (RF) architectures for spectrum access networks are provided. Embodiments of the invention generally provide a radio frequency (RF) architecture for customer premise equipment (CPE) for use in, for example, IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area networks (WRANs). In some embodiments, the CPE RF architecture includes two receive chains with a directional antenna and an omni-directional antenna, respectively. The CPE RF architecture facilitates opportunistic out-of-band spectrum sensing and WRAN signal receiving that are performed in parallel with data transmission.

Abstract: Heterodyne commutating apparatuses and methods for creating the heterodyne commutating apparatuses are disclosed. The heterodyne commutating mixer includes a plurality of switches for transferring a radio frequency input signal sequentially during a plurality of local oscillator period timeslots to a plurality of output capacitors. The heterodyne commutating mixer also includes a plurality of inductors added across differential in-phase output terminals and quadrature output terminals. Values of inductance and capacitance are set to achieve resonance at an output intermediate frequency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed to effectively frequency translate a filter characterized as a low quality factor (Q) filter, corresponding to a baseband frequency of approximately zero Hertz or to an intermediate frequency (IF), to a filter characterized as a high Q filter at frequencies greater than the baseband frequency or the IF. A downconversion mixer frequency translates a communication signal to the baseband frequency or the IF using a first local oscillator signal to provide a downconverted communication signal. A filter corresponding to the baseband frequency or the IF filters the downconverted communication signal to provide a filtered communication signal. An upconversion mixer frequency translates a communication signal using a second local oscillator signal. The frequency translation by the upconversion mixer, in effect, translates the filter characterization from the low Q filter to the high Q filter at frequencies greater than the baseband frequency or the IF.

Abstract: A double frequency-conversion receiving circuit used for a radio-frequency SIM card, including a low-noise amplifier (01), a high-medium-frequency mixer (02), a low-medium-frequency mixer (03), a local oscillator (04), a quadrature I/Q circuit (05), and a low-medium-frequency processing circuit (07), characterized in that it also includes a frequency divider (06) that performs N frequency dividing to a high-local-oscillation signal generated by the local oscillator (04), wherein the divided low-local-oscillation signal is inputted into the quadrature I/Q circuit (05), the outputted I/Q local-oscillation signal is inputted into the low-medium-frequency mixer (03) to obtain, after mixing, a low-medium-frequency signal, and the low-medium-frequency signal is further processed by the low-medium-frequency processing circuit (07) to output the signal needed, which has gone through the double frequency-conversion.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a transmitter LOFT cancellation scheme that maintains IQ balance are disclosed. Aspects of one method may include providing current compensation to both differential inputs of a mixer for each of I and Q channels. An initial current compensation of X units may be provided, followed by subsequent compensation as needed. The initial compensation may be provided to each differential input of the mixers used for I and Q channels. The subsequent current compensation for the I channel may be independent of the subsequent current compensation for the Q channel. Subsequent current compensation to a first differential input for a mixer may be increased by Y units while decreasing current compensation to the second differential input of the mixer by Y units. In this manner, the DC common mode level for the mixer may remain the same at the initial DC compensation current of X units for both mixers.

Abstract: A disclosed method tunes a signal from a channelized spectrum having a predetermined channel spacing. A signal of interest having a predetermined maximum bandwidth is mixed with a local oscillator signal, which has a frequency that is an integer multiple of the channel spacing or one-half of a channel spacing displaced from an integer multiple of the channel spacing. The local oscillator signal is selected to frequency translate the signal of interest to within a near-baseband passband whose lower edge is spaced from DC by at least about the maximum bandwidth of the signal of interest. Problems associated with 1/f noise, DC offsets, and self-mixing products are avoided or substantially diminished. Other methods and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods which place a spurious signal within a capture bandwidth of a tuner. Placement of the spur is preferably controlled to dispose the spur within a spur placement window, such as may be defined between traffic channels of an input signal. A tuner system operating in accordance with embodiments may be controlled to select a particular input frequency band comprising a plurality of traffic channels for frequency conversion and to determine local oscillator frequencies which result in most relevant spurs being placed outside of the tuner capture bandwidth. The local oscillator frequencies may be shifted to place a relevant spur remaining within the capture bandwidth of the tuner between traffic channels of the plurality of traffic channels. Embodiments operate to determine frequency offset between a transmitter and a tuner to determine the midpoint between channels.

Abstract: A transmitter and a signal amplifier are provided. The signal amplifier includes a digital-to-analog converter converting an input digital signal into an analog signal, a local oscillator signal generator outputting in-phase and quadrature-phase oscillator signals, a first mixer mixing the analog signal with the in-phase local oscillator signal to output an in-phase high frequency signal, a second mixer mixing the analog signal with the quadrature-phase local oscillator signal to output a quadrature-phase high frequency signal, a main amplifier amplifying the in-phase high frequency signal output from the first mixer, and an auxiliary amplifier amplifying the quadrature-phase high frequency signal output from the second mixer.

Abstract: Receiver architectures and methods of processing harmonic rich input signals employing harmonic suppression mixers are disclosed herein. The disclosed receivers, mixers, and methods enable a receiver to achieve the advantages of switching mixers while greatly reducing the mixer response to the undesired harmonics. A harmonic mixer can include a plurality of mixers coupled to an input signal. A plurality of phases of a local oscillator signal can be generated from a single local oscillator output. Each of the phases can be used to drive an input of one of the mixers. The mixer outputs can be combined to generate a frequency converted output that has harmonic rejection.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods disclosed herein operate to determine a base oscillator frequency and a frequency conversion factor associated with a radio receiver local oscillator (LO). Base oscillator frequency and frequency conversion parameters are selected such that spurious harmonics created within the LO lie outside of communication bands associated with other active radio receivers substantially collocated with the LO. An LO chain including the appropriate base oscillator and frequency conversion components is selected from a switched set of base oscillator/frequency converter pairs.

Abstract: One object of the present invention is to improve stability of wireless communication, regardless of a movement speed of a mobile station by estimating a movement speed of a mobile station using a signal prepared in advance for a used standard and selecting an appropriate base station. In the wireless communication system 100 according to the present invention, in order to adjust a timing of receiving data from the PHS terminal 110 to a desired timing, base stations 120, 122 transmit an adjustment signal for advancing or delaying data transmission timing in the PHS terminal 110. Thus, the PHS terminal 110 calculates a bias amount of such an adjustment signal to determine high speed movement of the PHS terminal 110 and perform handover from a micro cell base station 120 to a macro cell base station 122.

Abstract: A harmonic rejection mixer for carrying out a frequency translation of a mixer input signal having a mixer input frequency, the mixer including an up-conversion mixer for generating an intermediate signal by multiplying the mixer input signal with a first local oscillation signal having a first local oscillation frequency, and a down-conversion mixer for generating a mixer output signal by multiplying the intermediate signal with a second local oscillation signal having a second local oscillation frequency. The first local oscillation frequency and the second local oscillation frequency are greater than the mixer input frequency. The first local oscillation signal is an l-time oversampled sine wave and the second local oscillation signal is an m-time oversampled sine wave.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus comprising: a first mixing unit to output first and second mixed signals each having a first frequency that is a frequency difference between a received signal and a first local oscillator signal, the first and second mixed signals having phases substantially orthogonal to each other; a phase control unit to output second and third local oscillator signals each having a second frequency, the second and third local oscillator signals having a phase difference from each other corresponding to a phase difference between the first and second mixed signals; and a second mixing unit to add a signal obtained by mixing the first mixed signal and the second local oscillator signal, and a signal obtained by mixing the second mixed signal and the third local oscillator signal, to output an intermediate frequency signal having an intermediate frequency that is a difference between the first and second frequencies.

Abstract: A method and systems for a frequency locked feedback loop for wireless communications are provided. The method includes applying dither modulation from a harmonic modulator to modulated data at a transmit source, and mixing the dither modulation at a dither modulation frequency with the modulated data at a wireless carrier frequency to produce a modulated signal. The method also includes filtering and splitting the modulated signal using a bandpass filter to produce a wireless output signal and a feedback signal. The method further includes determining a frequency error in the feedback signal as a function of alignment of the wireless carrier frequency to a target frequency in a frequency response of the bandpass filter. The method additionally includes adjusting the wireless carrier frequency in response to the frequency error to establish a frequency lock between the wireless carrier frequency and the target frequency.

Abstract: An agile RF tuner circuit capable of converting a wide portion of RF signal into an IF signal suitable for analog-to-digital conversion. The circuit up converts a received RF signal to a high IF signal and then down converts the high IF signal to a low IF signal. Embodiments of the RF circuit incorporate harmonic reject mixers to suppress harmonies and intermodulations typically associated with the frequency conversion process.

Abstract: A transmitter capable of operating according to a first standard that does not interfere with a nearby frequency generator operating according to a second standard. The transmitter comprises an oscillator, a frequency divider, a mixer, and a filter. The oscillator is configured to output a first frequency that is outside of a frequency harmonic of the frequency generator. The frequency divider is coupled to the oscillator and divides the first frequency by a selective divide ratio to produce a second frequency. The mixer is configured to receive the first and second frequencies, which combines them to produce a mixed frequency. The filter is then used to filters the mixed frequency to obtain the higher portion of the mixed frequency. The divide ratio of the frequency divider is selected base on the desired output frequency of the transmitter such that a 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz ISM band frequency is achieved.

Abstract: A dual-LO mixer is disclosed. The dual-LO mixer receives an input signal, a first reference signal of a first reference frequency, and a second reference signal of a second reference frequency, and performs a frequency translation to convert the input signal into an output signal, wherein the frequency difference between the input signal and the output signal is a sum or a difference of the first reference frequency and the second reference frequency.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) transceiver includes an RF transmitter that generates an outbound RF signal at a carrier frequency that is based on a transmitter local oscillation. An RF front-end receives an inbound RF signal that includes a desired signal component that is based on the outbound RF signal and that includes an undesired signal component. The RF front-end includes a first RF combiner module that attenuates the undesired signal component to produce a desired RF signal. A down conversion module generates a down converted signal from the desired RF signal based on a receiver local oscillation. A receiver processing module generates inbound data from the down converted signal. A frequency control module controls the carrier frequency, based on an interference rejection signal, to control the attenuation of the undesired signal component.

Abstract: A receiver is set forth that includes a tuner circuit and a converter circuit. The tuner circuit provides an analog signal corresponding to a modulated signal that is received on a selected channel. The converter circuit includes a sample clock that is used to convert the analog signal to a digital signal at a conversion rate corresponding to the frequency of the sample clock. The sample clock is selectable between at least two different clock frequencies.

Abstract: A method for frequency conversion within a satellite-based repeater system. An uplink radio frequency signal having a frequency fRF is received. A first and at least a second local oscillator signal having frequencies fL01 and fLO2, respectively, is generated. The uplink signal is mixed at a first frequency conversion stage with the first local oscillator signal to generate an intermediate signal having a frequency fMF. The intermediate signal is mixed at a second frequency conversion stage with the at least second local oscillator signal to generate a downlink signal having a frequency fIF. The generation and mixing of the signals are performed such that: fLO1 and fLO2>fRF and fIF fMF=fLO1?fRF, and fIF=fLO2?fMF.

Abstract: Systems and methods of eliminating or reducing interference resulting from harmonics of local oscillator frequencies of mixers are shown. In one embodiment, a determination is made as to a zone or zones within an intermediate frequency band associated with undesired spurs. Inter-tuner spurs and intra-tuner spurs may be identified such that frequency information of the identified spurs may be utilized to define a plurality of exclusion zones. Local oscillator frequencies may subsequently be efficiently selected in view of the exclusion zone information. Embodiments may also determine a score for identified spurs which may be used to optimally select from within a set of spur-generating local oscillator frequencies.

Abstract: A direct conversion multi-band TV tuner includes: a plurality of RF (radio frequency) paths for processing the RF signal and for generating a plurality of processed RF signals, respectively; and a TSC (tri-state chopper) based quadrature frequency converter for receiving one of said processed RF signals and converting the received processed RF signal into a in-phase baseband signal and a quadrature baseband signals; wherein the TSC based quadrature frequency converter operates in accordance with a first set of periodic three-state control signals and a second set of periodic three-state control signals that are approximately 90 degrees offset from the first set of periodic three-state control signals.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) transceiver includes an RF transmitter that generates an outbound RF signal at a carrier frequency that is based on a transmitter local oscillation. An RF front-end receives an inbound RF signal that includes a desired signal component that is based on the outbound RF signal and that includes an undesired signal component. The RF front-end includes a first RF combiner module that attenuates the undesired signal component to produce a desired RF signal. A down conversion module generates a down converted signal from the desired RF signal based on a receiver local oscillation. A receiver processing module generates inbound data from the down converted signal. A frequency control module controls a frequency of the transmitter local oscillation and a frequency of the receiver local oscillation, based on an interference rejection signal, to control the attenuation of the undesired signal component.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, an apparatus is provided in a wireless transceiver. The apparatus may include a circuit configured to generate a first frequency signal (e.g., a VCO signal). A local oscillator (LO) generator may be provided that includes a frequency divider to divide the first frequency signal, and an image rejection mixer configured to mix the first frequency signal with an output of the frequency divider to generate an LO signal. In this manner, the LO generator may generate a desired LO signal while substantially rejecting or suppressing an unwanted sideband or image signal, according to an example embodiment.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit having a modulator having frequency conversion circuits, each having a local oscillator and a mixer. The circuit multiplies a signal having a first frequency and a local oscillation signal from the local oscillator at the mixer to convert the frequency of the first frequency signal to a second frequency, outputs a current format frequency converted signal and a first gain control circuit amplifying the current format frequency converted signals from the frequency conversion circuits by a first gain in accordance with a first control voltage. The circuit also outputs the current format amplified signals and a second gain control circuit connected after the first gain control circuit and having at least one gain control circuit which amplifies a current format amplified signal output from the first gain control circuit by a second gain.

Abstract: A broadband integrated television receiver for receiving a standard antenna or cable input and outputting an analog composite video signal and composite audio signal is disclosed. The receiver employs an up-conversion mixer and a down-conversion mixer in series to produce an IF signal. An IF filter between the mixers performs coarse channel selection. The down-conversion mixer may be an image rejection mixer to provide additional filtering. The received RF television signals are converted to a standard 45.75 MHz IF signal for processing on-chip by additional circuitry.

Abstract: A method according to one embodiment includes using a quadrature set of local oscillator signals having duty cycles of substantially less than fifty percent to perform a mixing operation on a radio-frequency current signal. Other embodiments include using a quadrature set of local oscillator signals having duty cycles of less than twenty-five percent.

Abstract: A RF receiver includes a low noise amplifier and blocking module, a down conversion module, and a local oscillation module. The low noise amplifier and blocking module is coupled to receive an inbound RF signal, wherein the amplified inbound RF signal includes a desired RF signal component and a blocking RF signal component; attenuate the blocking RF signal component of the amplified inbound RF signal; and pass, substantially unattenuated and amplified, the desired RF signal component of the inbound RF signal to produce a desired inbound RF signal. The down conversion module is coupled to convert desired inbound RF signal into an inbound signal based on a receive local oscillation. The local oscillation module is coupled to produce the receive local oscillation, wherein the local oscillation module includes a notch filter module coupled to attenuate signal components of the receive local oscillation at frequencies corresponding to harmonics of the blocking RF signal component.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods of eliminating or reducing interference resulting from harmonics of local oscillator frequencies of mixers. In one embodiment, a determination is made as to a zone or zones in which harmonics result in undesired spur generation. Inter-tuner spurs and intra-tuner spurs may be identified such that frequency information of the identified spurs may be utilized to define a plurality of exclusion zones. LO frequencies may subsequently be efficiently selected in view of the exclusion zone information. Embodiments may also determine a score for identified spurs which may be used to optimally select from within a set of spur-generating local oscillator frequencies.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system and method of reducing frequency interference in a circuit when the harmonics of at least two frequencies could cause interference when such harmonics interact with each other. In one embodiment, a determination is made as to which harmonic could possibly support such interference, and based upon the determined harmonic, determining which combination within said determined harmonic is likely to cause the interference.

Abstract: Heretofore, a plurality of packages were used in a high frequency module in which a plurality of waveguide terminals were positioned resulting in problems, such as degradation of characteristics in the connection lines between packages, lower ease of assembly when mounting and connecting the connection lines, increased cost, and so forth. To solve these problems, a plurality of cavities having a part or the entire side metallized is formed in a multi-layer dielectric substrate. The multi-layer dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of waveguide terminals, microstrip line-waveguide converters, RF lines, bias and control signal wiring, and bias and control signal pads. A high frequency circuit is mounted within the cavity and sealed with a seal and cover. This is intended to reduce the number of package, improve performance, improve fabrication, and lower the cost.

Abstract: A technique includes providing a plurality of local oscillator signals such that each of the local oscillator signals has a different phase. The technique includes providing scaling units to scale the input signal pursuant to different scaling factors to generate scaled input signals. The scaling factors are selected on a periodic function of the phases. The technique also includes providing mixing circuits to mix the local oscillator signals with the scaled input signals to generate mixed signals and providing an adder to combine the mixed signals to generate an output signal.