Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus includes an antenna, an energy storage device, a receiver, and an indicator assembly. The receiver may be coupled to the antenna and the energy storage device. The receiver may be configured to receive wireless energy via the antenna such that an energy storage level of the energy storage device is increased. The indicator assembly may be coupled to the receiver and may be configured, in response to the receiver receiving the wireless energy, to provide an indication based, at least in part, on a characteristic of the wireless energy.

Abstract: In at least some embodiments, a communication device includes a transceiver with a physical (PHY) layer. The PHY layer is configured for body area network (BAN) operations in a limited multipath environment using M-ary PSK, differential M-ary PSK or rotated differential M-ary PSK. Also, the PHY layer uses a constant symbol rate for BAN packet transmissions.

Abstract: Provided is a mobile terminal. The present application provides a sensor inside either or both of a receiver opening and a microphone opening, rather than providing an additional opening on the front panel of a device for installing the sensors, such that light is transmitted to the sensor via the receiver opening and/or the microphone opening, and the sensor transmits a signal via the receiver opening and/or the microphone opening; the receiver opening and/or the microphone opening are openings currently available on the front panel of the device, without the need of proving additional openings on the front panel of the device, reducing the number of the openings on the front panel of the device to make a mobile device more integrated, and provide a better user experience due to an uncluttered surface of the front panel of the device.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for performing or supporting D2D communication in a wireless communication system and an apparatus therefor. The method for enabling a D2D terminal to perform D2D communication according to the present invention comprises the steps of: receiving polling interval information allocated to transmit a polling signal for the D2D communication from a base station; and transmitting the polling signal to the base station within the allocated polling interval. The polling signal comprises an identifier of the D2D terminal, an identifier of a target D2D terminal selected through a search, and an indicator for indicating the execution of D2D communication.

Abstract: In at least some embodiments, a communication device includes a transceiver with a physical (PHY) layer. The PHY layer is configured for body area network (BAN) operations in a limited multipath environment using M-ary PSK, differential M-ary PSK or rotated differential M-ary PSK. Also, the PHY layer uses a constant symbol rate for BAN packet transmissions.

Abstract: In at least some embodiments, a communication device includes a transceiver with a physical (PHY) layer. The PHY layer is configured for body area network (BAN) operations in a limited multipath environment using M-ary PSK, differential M-ary PSK or rotated differential M-ary PSK. Also, the PHY layer uses a constant symbol rate for BAN packet transmissions.

Abstract: An improved handheld electronic device and an associated method are provided in which time data regarding certain aspects of a messaging conversation on a handheld electronic device are made available to a user. Such time data is provided, for instance, in situations where an interruption has occurred during a messaging conversation. Time data can also be provided to a user on demand in certain circumstances.

Abstract: A receiver circuit, comprises an input balun circuit comprising a balanced balun output and being capable of receiving RF signals, an input amplification circuit comprising a balanced amplifier input and a balanced amplifier output, a single balanced in-phase mixing circuit comprising a first unbalanced RF mixer input and a balanced in-phase mixing frequency input, and a single balanced quadrature mixing circuit comprising a second unbalanced RF mixer input and a balanced quadrature mixing frequency input. The balanced amplifier input is connected to the balanced balun output, a first terminal of the balanced amplifier output is connected to provide an amplified RF signal to the first unbalanced RF mixer input and a second terminal of the balanced amplifier output is connected to provide a phase-shifted amplified RF signal to the second unbalanced RF mixer input.

Abstract: An electronic device protective case and article storage device is provided. The device comprises a case having a front portion and a rear portion adapted to surround an electronic device and protect its structure from scratches and impacts. The front portion supports the electronic device and provides access to the device display screen, while the rear portion is snap-connected to the front portion and optionally hinged therefrom. The rear portion covers the rear of the electronic device and further supports an externally-mounted or internally-mounted pouch. The pouch comprises an expandable compartment for supporting identification, credit cards, cash, and other personal items. The front portion engages the electronic device and is adapted to remain connected with the electronic device when the rear portion is disengaged from accessing the pouch. In this way, the present invention provides a protective device and a convenient storage location for common articles required when traveling.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is provided for providing power to a radio-frequency (RF) component capable of operating under multiple communication standards, wherein each standard has a respective operating frequency. The method includes: receiving a communication standard signal indicative of which of the multiple communication standards the RF component is currently operating under; selecting a frequency for a power converter system in response to the communication standard signal, wherein the selected frequency is higher than a baseband frequency of the current communication standard for the RF component; generating an oscillation signal having the selected frequency; and operating the power converter system with the oscillation signal having the selected frequency to provide power to the RF component, wherein the operation of the power converter system causes minimal interference with the RF component operating under the current communication standard.

Abstract: Apparatus (48), and an associated method, for facilitating effectuation of control over when a mobile node (12) operable in a communication system (10) generates control signaling pursuant to a control procedure (62), such as a network search and selection procedure (64) or a registration procedure (66). A determiner (52) determines whether prior-sent control signals appear to have been successfully delivered to the network. If not, a selector (54) selects whether to increase a wait period prior to commencement of a subsequent control procedure, such as another network searching and selection procedure.

Abstract: A direct conversion multi-band TV tuner includes: a plurality of RF (radio frequency) paths for processing the RF signal and for generating a plurality of processed RF signals, respectively; and a TSC (tri-state chopper) based quadrature frequency converter for receiving one of said processed RF signals and converting the received processed RF signal into a in-phase baseband signal and a quadrature baseband signals; wherein the TSC based quadrature frequency converter operates in accordance with a first set of periodic three-state control signals and a second set of periodic three-state control signals that are approximately 90 degrees offset from the first set of periodic three-state control signals.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is provided for providing power to a radio-frequency (RF) component capable of operating under multiple communication standards, wherein each standard has a respective operating frequency.

Abstract: RF power detector employing an envelope amplifier circuit and a current mirror circuit. The output of the current mirror circuit supplies a bias voltage for biasing the output of the envelope amplifier circuit. Furthermore, the output of the envelope amplifier circuit is fed back to the output of the current mirror circuit so as to reduce the magnitude of the bias signal according to the magnitude of the amplified RF signal envelope. In this manner, the overall gain of the RF power detector can be selectively reduced, resulting in an RF power detector having a more linearized dynamic range and greater ability to compensate for variation in gain caused by temperature.

Abstract: An access point in a wireless network receives link margin values from associated access points. The access point determines sensitivity values for the associated access points and determines a lower access point output power value from the sensitivity values. Beacons are transmitted at full power and remaining frames are transmitted at the lower access output power. A new access output power may be determined periodically, or when a station associates or disassociates.

Abstract: A diversity receiver circuit system (10) including a primary channel (20) and a diversity channel (22), where analog input signals are converted to differential signals in both channels (20, 22). The receiver circuit system (10) includes a multiplexer (14) and a variable gain amplifier (12) formed on a single RF integrated circuit chip (16), where the multiplexer (14) is positioned before the amplifier (12). The differential signals in the primary channel (20) and the diversity channel (22) are applied to an amplified path (72, 78) and a non-amplified path (76, 82) in the multiplexer (14). A control signal selects one of the amplified primary channel signal, the non-amplified primary channel signal, the amplified diversity channel signal or the non-amplified diversity channel signal.

Abstract: An emergency reporting apparatus for a vehicle includes a microphone, a loudspeaker, and a handsfree system circuit. Handsfree two-way speech communication with an emergency report receiving center is allowed via the microphone, the loudspeaker, and the handsfree system circuit. A volume control circuit connected to the loudspeaker operates for controlling a volume level of sound generated by the loudspeaker at a predetermined constant level or higher. The volume control circuit may control the volume level at the predetermined constant level, and may inhibit a user from changing the volume level.

Abstract: In order to simplify the circuitry upon integration of a mobile radio receiver in a terminal for mobile communication, the invention proposes the use of a receiving section in which at least one component is also arranged to receive broadcast signals, steps being taken so as to ensure that the gap arising in the broadcast reception is masked at instants at which control information is received for the mobile communication.

Abstract: A method for rescuing communication connections from dropping when multiple connections are failing simultaneously is disclosed. The simultaneous rescue of connections is applicable to both forward and reverse-based rescue procedures. In one approach, the network can assign rescue codes to the MSs, and simultaneous rescues can thereafter be initiated using rescue channels defined by the rescue codes. To minimize the chance of collisions, the network may attempt to ensure that the MSs in need of rescue use different rescue codes, to the extent possible. In another non-mutually exclusive approach, the network can sequentially rescue the connections in danger of being dropped using rescue slots. In the rescue slot approach, individual MSs choose, or are assigned, different rescue slots in which to attempt a rescue.

Abstract: A technique is used in a selective call communication system (100) and in a broadcast communication system (106) to provide additional information about a broadcast to a selective call device (111). A broadcast receiver (109) receives a broadcast that includes a prompt (220), such as a FLEX.TM. logo, and an information address signal (305), such as an inaudible portion of the sound portion of the broadcast. The prompt indicates that additional information is available in a message to be transmitted by the selective call communication system. The selective call device receives the information address signal when activated to do so in response to the prompt. The selective call device receives and decodes an information address from the information address signal and uses it to recover the message at a protocol position indicated by the information address. The additional information is then recovered from the message.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing global message monitoring in a paging system includes a message origination and delivery device (MODD) (20). The MODD (20) includes a data structure (100) which identifies certain users as message monitoring users. Message monitoring users receive monitored page messages (300), which are duplicates of pages sent to users being monitored. The MODD (20) sends pages to a pager in the possession of the message monitoring user.

Abstract: A microcellular communications network includes a plurality of base station units and corresponding antenna units. The microcells connected to their respective base station units over a telephone system. The microcells providing received signal strength indication (RSSI) level signals and Supervisory Audio Tone (SAT) frequencies to the base station for hand-in evaluation. The base stations having a scanning receiver for processing the RSSI level signals and SAT frequencies and for performing hand-in for neighboring cells.

Abstract: A control channel is searched for call waiting in a mobile station where the power supply for a receiving circuit is turned off during a break time of receiving level measurements, wherein in a first control channel selection mode, all the control channels are divided into a plurality of groups, the receiving levels of the control channels are measured group by group intermittently and sequentially. The intermittent measurement of these groups are repeated until a control channel having a receiving level equal to or greater than a first predetermined value is detected. When a receiving level equal to or greater than the first predetermined value is detected, the receiving levels of all the control channels are measured in a second control channel selection mode.

Abstract: A method of reducing paging channel usage in a CDMA communication system. Each mobile switching centre maintains in its visitor location registry information regarding a paging channel or carrier frequency that each mobile station registered is monitoring. Then, when it comes time to send a page to a mobile station, the mobile switching centre looks up the information and appends it to the page which is sent to all basestation transceivers. The basestation transceivers extract the information and identify the paging channel the mobile station to which the page is addressed is monitoring. The transceivers then broadcast the page message over their air interfaces on the identified paging channel.

Abstract: A radio paging receiver comprises a receiver section (11) for receiving a transmitted signal having a call signal (ID) and a message signal succeeding the call signal. A decoder section (12) distinguishes whether or not the call signal is coincident with a specific or own call signal (ID) specific to the radio paging receiver to supply a functional control section (14) with the message signal when the call signal is coincident with the specific call signal. The functional control section judges whether or not the message signal is an information message service signal having a keyword and a message data signal. Furthermore, the functional control section judges whether or not the keyword is coincident with an own keyword when the message signal is the information message service signal. The functional control section produces a keyword detection signal when the keyword is coincident with the own keyword. A driving section (18) drives a loudspeaker (19) in response to the keyword detection signal.

Abstract: A dual mode mobile telephone apparatus includes a transmitting/receiving portion (2, 3) for different kinds of modes, an operation portion (4) for assigning an available call mode, a call mode detection portion (13) for detecting the call mode, a call mode store portion (11) for storing a call mode, a response signal generating portion (12) for generating a response signal and changing the call mode, a call mode changing signal generation portion (14) for generating a call mode changing signal. Accordingly, the dual mode mobile telephone apparatus of the present invention is capable of changing the mode as determined by the user at any time or automatically.

Abstract: A radio paging receiver capable of receiving facsimile data transmitted from a calling facsimile via a radio paging network. The radio paging receiver includes a code detector for detecting a synchronization signal, block information, an address signal, vector data, and a message from a received radio paging signal; a memory for storing image data; a display for displaying the image data stored in the memory; means for scrolling the image data displayed on the display; and a controller for controlling the display of the image data.

Abstract: A RF-signal controlling method applied for controlling the operation of a pager in an ERMES system is disclosed. By such a method, the pagers can establish a synchronization link with the base stations during the shortest time interval, and lock on the home channel rapidly to receive messages by channel scanning. Furthermore, under the control of the method, the pagers can finish receiving messages while in a mode of channel switching, in roaming states or in the border areas with weak signals.

Abstract: A two-way wireless messaging system has a messaging network, and a two-way messaging device that originates, receives and replies to messages having dynamic message components to and from the messaging network. A transaction server is located within the messaging network for opening and tracking messages among various users of the two-way messaging system, and closing a transaction to prevent further message delivery and replies after a predetermined transaction is completed. A transaction can remain open until a reply has been received by every intended message recipient; until a desired number of message recipient received a message; or until a specified amount of time has expired.

Abstract: A method of operating a selective call receiver (170) that roams a plurality of separate simulcast areas (20) including a specific area where the selective call receiver shares the same address with a second selective call receiver but where only one of the receivers is able to decode a message broadcast in the specific area includes the steps at the selective call receiver of receiving a target address, a tag representative of the specific area, and an associated message. Then the associated message is decoded (40) when both the target address and the tag representative of the specific area match an address (38) and a tag (36) stored in a memory location (77 or 76) within the selective call receiver and otherwise ignoring the associated message when either the target address or the tag representative of the specific area fail to match the tag and the address stored.

Abstract: A radio selection call receiver with message display includes a control circuit 40 for controlling the display of messages and a secret mode. The receiver determines whether or not secret setting information is included in a received message and whether or not a user has input or transmitted secret cancellation information. The receiver detects all or part of predetermined first information from received messages, and displays at least one second information set beforehand by a user corresponding to the first information. Display is thereby limited to the second information, which a third person cannot identify. This allows the authorized user to identify callers without inputting or transmitting a secret cancellation code.

Abstract: The present invention provides an emergency vehicle command and control system for preemption of intersection traffic signals. Specifically, the system employs coded microwave transmissions from the emergency vehicle which are received by a scanned antenna array at the intersection and are processed to determine the direction-of-arrival of the signal. Each coded transmission received at the intersection is demodulated and error checked for validity. Valid transmissions are communicated to an intersection controller to preempt traffic signals. The system is also equipped to handle multiple vehicle arrivals and to transmit a coded signal to adjacent or orthogonal intersections to execute around-the-corner preemption control. Additionally, all preemption events may be stored in a memory for later retrieval and analysis.

Abstract: A data processing device of a paging receiver having a controller for analyzing decoded paging data and for performing a paging function, wherein address data and message data of all frames are decoded and transmitted to the controller at a section of a received data stream during a scan mode of operation and, the address data and message data of a preset frame section are decoded and transmitted to the controller during a normal mode of operation.

Abstract: A wireless selective calling receiver performs an intermittent receiving operation in a channel lock state. The channel lock is canceled when a detected network information is judged to be different from the network information of the self receiver for a predetermined consecutive number of times. The channel lock is also canceled when such judgement is made and the detected network information remains the same at the time of the judgement.

Abstract: A method for receiving a normal or an inverted paging signal in a radio pager, which includes the steps of detecting a preamble of a paging signal by reading a cap-code identifying an inherent address of the radio pager and synchronizing with a reference channel frequency; deciding a form of assumption of the paging signal to be received by confirming whether a local area is serviceable according to the detection of a sync code after a predetermined time period; and receiving the paging signal by inverting the same when the local area is not serviceable, and receiving the paging signal as is when the local area is serviceable.

Abstract: A wireless network based location system and method uses an existing wireless communication network to locate the position of any active phone or transceiver unit in the network. The system includes a plurality of agile vector sensor units, one each installed at each antenna site in the network, and a remote central monitoring station to which wireless network users can call for assistance in the event of an emergency. The system is designed to locate a portable phone transceiver unit using the reverse voice channel signal transmitted by the transceiver unit. Each agile vector sensor unit locks onto the reverse voice channel to determine azimuth and signal strength in the reverse voice channel, and also tracks any changes in voice channel by monitoring the forward voice channel. In the event of a voice channel change, the sensor unit tunes to the new voice channel. The azimuth, signal strength, and reverse voice channel information collected is used to track the location of a transceiver unit in real time.

Abstract: A high frequency, high speed data communication system for providing electronic mail, file transferring, Internet access, weather forecasts and other database and communication options to remote HF/MF users, such as vessels at sea. A conventional, multi-featured, land-line bulletin board system is employed at a central communication facility for the provision of data communication services. A remote computer accesses an HF/MF link at the central communication facility via an HF/MF modem coupled to an HF/MF radio and antenna. The HF/MF link includes an antenna, HF/MF radio, HF/MF modem, and an interface computer for performing protocol and interface conversion between the land-line BBS and the HF/MF modem. Multi-user capability is provided through the simultaneous employment of multiple HF/MF links at the central communication facility. Multi-frequency operation of each HF/MF link is provided through the scanning of each HF/MF radio in conjunction with an antenna tuning system.

Abstract: In a mobile communications system wherein the transmission form changes in the course of the signal, high quality transmission of change information relating to the transmission form is obtained. To achieve this, information giving advance notice of a change is transmitted prior to transmitting the change information relating to the transmission form. Even if a situation arises in which transmitted information has not been conveyed without error at a scheduled change time that was notified in advance, it is possible to resolve this situation by referring to the information giving advance notice of the change. This enables faulty paging and other defects resulting from erroneous changes of transmission form to be reduced.

Abstract: A communications system includes apparatus for generating a succession of time message signals, a central station having a transmitter for transmitting the time message signals, at least a first receiver for receiving the time message signals and timer circuits for determining the real time of receipt of each time message signal. Each time message signal is representative of the real time of receipt, by the first receiver, of a preceding time message. The first receiver includes a clock for providing the first receiver with an internal time signal. The clock is reset upon receipt of a first time message signal and is advanced, upon receipt of a subsequent time message signal, by the real time indicated by the subsequent time message signal.

Abstract: A method of synchronizing the frequency and time of commencement of high frequency (HF) radio communication between an initiating station and a receiving station in which transmissions from the receiving station are not required. The initiating station determines an optimal frequency from among predetermined HF frequencies for communicating with the receiving station and a time when communication between the initiating and receiving stations is to start. The initiating station transmits an initiation message on each of the predetermined frequencies, where the initiation message provides the optimal frequency and the time until the start of communication. The receiving station scans all of the predetermined frequencies to attempt to receive the initiation message, and upon receipt continuously monitors the optimal frequency and commences a time count-down to the start of communication.

Abstract: A transceiver (125) for receiving messages and transmitting acknowledgments includes a receiver (365) for receiving a message and time information indicative of a first time slot, a display (400) coupled to the receiver (365) for presenting the message, and a monitor element (430) coupled to the display (400) for determining, at occurrence of the first time slot, whether the message has been presented. A transmitter (380) coupled to the monitor element (430) and the receiver (365) transmits, in response to occurrence of the first time slot, a message acknowledgment when the message has not been presented. When the message has been previously presented, a read acknowledgment, rather than the message acknowledgment, is transmitted to indicate both message reception and message presentation.

Abstract: In a paging receiver equipped with a display, said display informing a user, when a paging number involved in received data is coincident with a paging number allocated to itself, of that fact with a calling ringing sound and displaying a received message, an inherent password is previously set, and when a password involved in the received data is coincident with the inherent password, alarming and display of the message are allowed, while when both passwords are not coincident with each other, a prohibition time zone of the alarming and the display previously set, and when the operation time is within the previously set prohibition time zone, the alarming/display is allowed but when the same is out of the prohibition time zone, the alarming/display is prohibited. Further, when the prohibition time zone is completed, the alarming is effected and a message received within the prohibition time zone is displayed.

Abstract: A receiver operates in both a first polling protocol and in a selectable data acquisition protocol to both conserve power while quickly read long messages in wireless one-way communication systems. The receiver first polls data transmissions at a relatively slow periodic rate to identify messages. When the receiver identifies a corresponding address in the data transmission, a format packet directs the receiver to acquire data using a second data acquisition protocol independent of the polling protocol. The data acquisition protocol enables long messages to be communicated in a fast, highly reliable manner. After the long message is successfully transmitted, the receiver automatically reverts back into a polling protocol to conserve power.

Abstract: A mobile communication system has a base station and a plurality of mobile stations. When a mobile station detects a self station code, it transmits the self station code of the mobile station to the base station by using weak radio waves. The base station performs scanning, using its scanning antenna so as to change the directivity direction, catches the weak radio waves sent from the mobile station, and detects the mobile station code included in the reception signal. Thereby, a requester is told that the call of the mobile station has surely been made. By using the scanning antenna, a notification that the mobile station has surely received the call from the base station is reliably conveyed from the mobile station to the base station by using weak radio waves.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for displaying directory-linked canned messages on a display (20) of a portable device (10) having selective call receiving functions. A personal name directory (100) is stored in the device (10). The name directory (100) comprises a plurality of entries (102), each entry comprising at least one telephone number and at least one canned message corresponding to the at least one telephone number. A paging message including a telephone number is received by the portable device (10). The personal name directory (100) is searched to determine if the telephone number received in the paging message matches with a telephone number in any of the personal name directory entries (102). If there is a match, the canned message which corresponds to the personal name directory entry that matches the telephone number received in the paging message is displayed. Otherwise, a default message is displayed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for packet alignment in a simulcast system includes a communications controller (310) having a vocoder and an input/output (I/O) processor (313) controlling the vocoder (311), the I/O processor having a timing alignment control (315) and a packet counter (314) for inserting timing alignment tags in voice/data packets and adjusting packet numbering and timing based on alignment requests from a master radio communication unit. The communications controller is coupled to radio communication units (330, 340, 350), each having a packet buffer (331) and an alignment processor (332) which includes a packet number detector (333) for detecting the transmission timing tag and sending a request for a packet numbering adjustment to the communications controller and a timing alignment detector (334) for comparing a receive time of the first information packet and a predetermined preferential receive time and for sending a timing alignment request to the communications controller.

Abstract: A pager decoding system is provided which is compatible with the POCSAG encoding standard and which improves battery savings. The disclosed pager includes a baud rate detector for evaluating incoming transmissions to determined if the baud rate is compatible with the decoder, and a preamble detector for determining if preamble code is being transmitted. Baud rate information and preamble code information are sampled frequently when the pager's radio receiver is tuned on, to evaluate whether a valid transmission is being received and whether the pager's internal clock is synchronized with the transmission. In the methodology of the invention, when the pager is on standby and waiting to receive a transmission the radio receiver is periodically energized to search for valid data having the correct baud rate, and to search for POCSAG preamble code. Signals with the incorrect baud rate are quickly detected and the radio circuit is shut off to save battery power.

Abstract: A balanced mixer is used as a switch. In digital mode, the balanced mixer receives a digital mode analog waveform and a local oscillator (L.O.). The balanced mixer mixes the waveform and the L.O. to provide a resultant output signal. In analog mode, the L.O. is modulated to contain the communication information. No analog signal is present on the port of the mixer which received the digital mode analog waveform in digital mode. The desired output of the mixer is the modulated L.O. In order to pass the L.O. through the mixer, a DC bias is applied to one of the waveform terminals of the mixer to unbalance it. A diode attenuator is added to the output of the mixer to provide scaling of the analog mode output.

Abstract: A method of controlling remote control electronic apparatus coupled to a network and a remote control electronic apparatus to be coupled to a network are disclosed. Each remote control electronic apparatus has a CPU and a ROM including a local control program expressed by an independent language which is interpretable by the CPU, a remote control program expressed by a virtual language, a virtual language processing program for processing the virtual language to make it interpretable by the CPU. When one remote control electronic apparatus is required to control another remote control electronic apparatus coupled to the network, the remote control electronic apparatus requests to transmit the remote control program of another remote control apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for discontinuously transmitting/receiving packets for low-power consumption of a terminal in a cellular system for packet transmission. The present invention provides a method and apparatus that can perform a low-power consuming operation when a terminal is in active state in a cellular system. The method for discontinuously transmitting/receiving packet data to reduce power consumption of a terminal in a cellular system, including the steps of: a) establishing discontinuous transmission/reception (DTX/DRX) parameters including discontinuous DTX/DRX cycle information for terminals operating in a transmission suspension mode, which is a sub-state of an active state; and b) performing DTX/DRX based on the DTX/DRX parameters in the terminals operating in the transmission suspension mode.