Abstract: An RF front-end receiver comprises a low noise amplifier and a local oscillator driver, which are connected to respective input ports of a mixer which comprises a first and second transistor with gates coupled to one output terminal, a third and fourth transistor with gates coupled to the other output terminal, a fifth and sixth transistor with gates coupled to respective output terminal of the local oscillator driver, the sources of the first and third transistors coupled to the drain of the fifth transistor, the sources of the second and fourth transistor coupled to the drain of the sixth transistor, the sources of the fifth and sixth transistor coupled to ground, the drains of the first and fourth transistor coupled to one output terminal of a mixer output port, and the drains of the second and third transistor coupled to the other output terminal of the mixer output port.

Abstract: A frequency-mixing method includes a step of generating a first quadrature signal having a predetermined frequency, a second quadrature signal having a phase difference of about 180 degrees with respect to a phase of the first quadrature signal, a third quadrature signal having a phase difference of about 90 degrees with respect to the phase of the first quadrature signal and a fourth quadrature signal having a phase difference of about 90 degrees with respect to a phase of the second quadrature signal; a step of controlling a phase of the third quadrature signal and a phase of the fourth quadrature signal so as to control a linearity of a frequency mixer; and a step of down-converting a radio frequency (RF) signal using the first through the fourth quadrature signals. Accordingly, performance of a direct-conversion receiver (DCR) can be improved by employing a frequency-mixing device capable of enhancing a linearity of a frequency mixer.

Abstract: An image rejection mixer includes a first mixer, a second mixer, a first output adjust circuit, and a second output adjust circuit. The first mixer is coupled to receive an input RF signal and a local oscillator signal and includes a first mixer stage and a first output load stage. The second mixer is coupled to receive the input RF signal and a phase-converted local oscillator signal and includes a second mixer stage and a second output load stage. The first output adjust circuit is coupled to the first output load stage for modifying the signal waveform of a first output signal of the first mixer. The second output adjust circuit is coupled to the second output load stage for modifying the signal waveform of a second output signal of the second mixer. In this manner, the near-perfect image rejection result in the final IF signal can be obtained.

Abstract: A Radio Frequency (RF) structure services an antenna having a characteristic impedance and includes a differential Power Amplifier (PA), a differential Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), and a balun transformer. The differential PA has a differential PA output with a PA differential output impedance. The differential LNA has a differential LNA input with an LNA differential input impedance. The balun transformer has a singled ended winding coupled to the antenna, a differential winding having a first pair of tap connections coupled to the differential PA output and a second pair of tap connections coupled to the differential LNA input, and a turns ratio of the single ended winding and the differential winding. The turns ratio and the first pair of tap connections impedance match the PA differential output impedance to the characteristic impedance of the antenna. The turns ratio and the second pair of tap connections impedance match the LNA differential input impedance to the characteristic impedance of the antenna.

Abstract: Mixer circuits with direct-current bias are disclosed. An example embodiment of such a mixer includes a first differential transistor pair and a second differential transistor pair. The example mixer also includes first and second local oscillator signal terminals and first and second mixed signal terminals. The first and second local oscillator signal terminals are coupled with the first and second differential transistor pairs. The first mixed signal terminal is coupled with the first differential pair and the second mixed signal terminal is coupled with the second differential pair. The mixer further includes first and second baseband signal terminals, where each baseband signal terminal is coupled with the first differential pair and the second differential pair. The mixer still further includes a first current source and a second current source.

Abstract: A system or method for a circuit network that receives an RF signal, and where a plurality of switching transistors receive an RF signal output by the circuit network and perform mixing with a local oscillation (LO) signal received on a LO input. An active bias circuit performs active bias of the plurality of switching transistors in a feedback loop provided between the LO input and an output of the plurality of switching transistors.

Abstract: A mixer circuit having improved linearity and noise figure is disclosed.

Abstract: One end of a balanced line is connected to a base station. A transmitting and receiving antenna is connected to the other end of the balanced line. The balanced line not only transmits a signal sent from the base station to the transmitting and receiving antenna and at the same time leaks a part of the transmitted signal as the radio waves, but also transmits the received signal at the transmitting and receiving antenna to the base station. In a room where the balanced line is laid, wireless communication terminals are provided. The wireless communication terminals transmit and receive radio waves to or from either the balanced line or the transmitting and receiving antenna.

Abstract: A frequency upconverter using mixers operating on one or more signals and inverted versions thereof and a subtractor, such as a balun, for subtractively combining the mixer outputs to produce an upconverted signal.

Abstract: A sub harmonic mixer has improved electrical performance in a small package size. The mixer has a low temperature co-fired ceramic substrate. Coupled lines are located within the substrate and connected to an LO port, an RF port and an intermediate frequency port. Three capacitors are formed within the substrate. Vias extend through the substrate. A diode package is mounted on the substrate.

Abstract: A low-noise differential bias circuit is provided which obtains excellent noise characteristics while ensuring excellent distortion characteristics. A collector of a transistor Q11 is connected to a voltage supply point (Vcc) via a resistor R15. A base of the transistor Q11 is connected to a base of a transistor Q1 via resistors R13, R11 connected in series. A connection point between the resistors R11, R13 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q11. A collector of a transistor Q12 is connected to the voltage supply point at connection point A via a resistor R16. A base of the transistor Q12 is connected to a base of a transistor Q2 via resistors R14, R12 connected in series. A connection point between the resistors R12, R14 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q12. By this configuration, a high frequency ground is performed at the connection point A.

Abstract: A method according to one embodiment includes using a quadrature set of local oscillator signals having duty cycles of substantially less than fifty percent to perform a mixing operation on a radio-frequency current signal. Other embodiments include using a quadrature set of local oscillator signals having duty cycles of less than twenty-five percent.

Abstract: A frequency-mixing device performing voltage multiplying and low-pass filtering operations in addition to the frequency mixing is provided. The three operations may be carried out with the same components by designing the frequency mixer appropriately. The frequency mixer comprises a balanced input port to receive a balanced input signal, an oscillator signal input port to receive a first and a second oscillator signal and a first, a second, and a third capacitance. First switching means are arranged to connect, in response to the first oscillator signal, the first and the second capacitance between a first and a second input port of the balanced input port. Second switching means are arranged to connect, in response to the second oscillator signal, the first capacitance between the first input port and the third capacitance and the second capacitance between the second input port and the third capacitance. An output port is connected to terminals of the third capacitance.

Abstract: A mixer comprising a pair of low frequency mixer inputs, a pair of high frequency mixer inputs, a pair of mixer outputs, four switching units, each switching unit comprising a low frequency switching unit input, a high frequency switching unit input, a switching unit output, a node connected via a high pass filter to the respective high frequency switching unit input and via a low pass filter to the respective low frequency switching unit input and a switching device arranged to provide an output at the respective switching unit output in dependence on the voltage at the respective node, and comprising a first feedback loop responsive to the voltage at the first low frequency mixer input and arranged to regulate the current through the outputs of the first and second ones of the switching units so that the total current through the outputs of the first and second ones of the switching units is substantially proportional to the voltage at the first low frequency mixer input and a second feedback loop responsiv

Abstract: A double balanced mixer includes a local oscillator balun, a radio frequency balun and four diodes. The local oscillator balun has a transmission line, a half wavelength transmission line and a quarter wavelength transmission line mounted on a printed circuit board. The radio frequency balun has a transmission line, a half wavelength transmission line and a printed circuit line mounted on a printed circuit board. The four diodes are mounted to the printed circuit board and connected between the local oscillator balun and the radio frequency balun.

Abstract: A latch driver circuit is provided as a local oscillator driver for driving a passive mixer of an RF receiver. The driver circuit includes a differential amplifier stage coupled to a supply and a biasing circuit. The amplifier stage is operative to receive and process first and second input signals from a local oscillator for providing first and second amplified signals. The driver circuit further includes a latch stage coupled to the differential amplifier stage, which is operative to receive and process the first and second amplified signals for providing latched versions thereof. A filtering stage of the latch driver circuit is operative to receive and filter the latched versions of the first and second amplified signals for providing first and second mixer signals. Each of the first and second mixer signals includes signal content associated with a fundamental frequency particularly tuned for driving the passive mixer circuit.

Abstract: A mixer, which is a single balanced mixer, includes an LO port for inputting an LO signal, an RF port for inputting an RF signal, an IF port for outputting an IF signal, a balun for converting an unbalanced signal into a balanced signal, and a pair of mixer diodes connected in series. The mixer further includes a high-pass filter for blocking LO and IF signals and passing an RF signal and a low-pass filter for blocking LO and RF signals and passing an IF signal.

Abstract: A direct conversion type of frequency transposition device includes a transconductor block receiving the input signal and a current switching block connected to the output from the device. At least the common mode (Iif1+Iif2) is servocontrolled to static output currents from the frequency transposition device on a current proportional to a reference current (Iref) and independent of the static output currents from the transconductor block.

Abstract: A sub-harmonic frequency conversion device includes: a voltage controlled oscillator for generating first to eighth oscillation frequency (LO) signals having a constant phase difference; a first mixer for performing a switching operation to mix the first to fourth LO signals having a phase difference of 90° and input signals, and outputting first IF signals; and a second mixer for performing a switching operation to mix the fifth to eighth LO signals having a phase difference of 90° and the input signals, and outputting second IF signals. Accordingly, the sub-harmonic frequency conversion device can use the low-frequency LO signal, and the power consumption can be reduced. In addition, because the mixers are implemented using a symmetric structure of the MOS transistors, the circuit configuration can be easily implemented.

Abstract: A differential signal receiver and method is disclosed. One embodiment relates to a receiver for receiving a differential signal. The receiver includes a first voltage-to-current converter that converts the voltage received at a first input to a first current, and a second voltage-to-current converter that converts a voltage signal received at a second input to a second current. A current subtractor provides a difference current of the first and second currents that is indicative of the differential signal.

Abstract: A mixer circuit configured to operate in a bypass or mixing mode, and which comprises a mixer core, and a mode select circuit. The mixer core includes first and second switches, each of which has an input, and first and second outputs. The mode select circuit is coupled to the mixer core and includes third and fourth switches, which are collectively configured to operate in either a first state corresponding to the bypass mode, or a second state corresponding to the mixing mode. The input of the first switch is configured to receive a signal at a first frequency, wherein the first and second switches are configured to switch between their respective first and second outputs at a second frequency, and wherein, responsive to the state of the third and fourth switches, the first output of the first switch, and the second output of the second switch are each configured to output a signal which is either (i) at the first frequency, or (ii) a mixing product of the first and second frequencies.

Abstract: A transceiver front end includes a transmit/receive (T/R) switch, a first balun, a second balun, a low noise amplifier, a power amplifier, and compensation circuitry. The T/R switch is operably coupled to an antenna for receiving inbound radio frequency (RF) signals and for transmitting outbound RF signals. The first balun includes a single ended winding and a differential winding, where the single ended winding is operably coupled to the T/R switch. The second balun includes a single ended winding and a differential winding, where the single ended winding is operably coupled to the T/R switch. The low noise amplifier is operably coupled the differential winding of the first balun. The power amplifier is operably coupled to the differential winding of the second balun. The compensation circuitry is operably coupled to the first balun to compensate for at least one of phase imbalance, amplitude imbalance, and impedance imbalance of the first balun.

Abstract: A frequency converter that performs dual frequency conversion is provided. The frequency converter restricts noise occurrence and enables signal transfer with good linearity. The frequency converter performs dual conversion of a first signal (RF(+) and RF(?)) by using two signals including a second signal (LO1 (+) and LO1 (?)) and a third signal (LO2 (+) and LO2 (?)). Using a balun and an amplifying circuit that performs input/output operations in a single-ended manner, the frequency converter restricts NF degradation. By feeding optimum values of current into the first and second switching circuits and into the amplifying circuit, NF and linearity are optimized. The balun, the amplifying circuit, and the first and second switching circuits are formed on the same semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A Class AB voltage-to-current converter includes a plurality of DC coupled transconductance stages that produce a linearized output and a biasing circuit. The biasing circuit generates a primary bias voltage that is greater than a generated secondary bias voltage. As such, the first transconductance stage becomes active before the second transconductance stage with respect to the magnitude of a differential input voltage, thereby allowing the transconductance of the secondary transconductance stage to be added (or subtracted) from the transconductance of the primary stage to improve the overall transconductance of the Class AB voltage-to-current converter. As each of the plurality of transconductance stages is biased differently from the others, the various transconductance stages are biased on to differing amounts based upon the biasing signals as well as the input signal.

Abstract: 2N?1 four-terminal phase-reversing switches are arranged in one or more columns of cascaded switches, wherein a frequency having a given relative phase ? is applied as an input of the top switch in a cascade. A particular configuration of 2N?1 different reference-values, determined by a preselected N-Bit binary code, is applied to the respective 2N?1 switches so that (1) whenever the amplitude value of an applied analog signal reaches a value equal to the reference value applied to any switch, that switch will switch to reverse the phase at its output from the phase at its input, and (2) cause the switching of the phase at the output at each switch ordinally situated in a column below that switch. The respective output phases from a certain subset of N switches of the 2N?1 switches define the binary values of the preselected N-Bit binary code output from the A/D converter.

Abstract: A mixer circuit (50) includes a first switching mixer (20A) with a first desired signal input (RF+ and RF?), a first switching signal input (LO+& LO?), and a first output (IF+ and IF?), a second switching mixer (20B), and a third switching mixer (20C) with corresponding desired signal inputs, switching signal inputs, and outputs. An overall input signal to the mixer circuit is fed to an input port (56) of the first switching mixer, an output from an output port (57) of the first switching mixer is fed to an input port (58) of the second switching mixer, the output from an output port (59) of the second switching mixer is fed to an input port (60) of the third switching mixer, and an overall output of the mixer circuit can be an output from an output port (62) of the third switching mixer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for adjusting IQ-imbalance of a direct conversion receiver (200). In the method a radio frequency training signal is locally generating and conveyed to an in-phase branch and a quadrature-phase branch of the receiver (200). The method comprises mixing, in the analogue domain, the radio frequency training signal of the in-phase branch with a first mixing signal to form a baseband in-phase component (I) of the training signal and mixing, in the analogue domain, the radio frequency training signal of the quadrature-phase branch with a second mixing signal to form a phase shifted component (Q) of the training signal. The baseband in-phase component (I) and phase shifted component (Q) are analogue-to-digital converted to form a digital baseband in-phase component and a digital baseband phase shifted component of the training signal.

Abstract: A high frequency receiver of the present invention has a mixer of which one input part is connected to an output part of a filter and the other input part is connected to an output part of a frequency-variable local oscillator, and an output terminal connected to an output part of the mixer. The mixer is an image rejection mixer. The filter has a moderated damping characteristic in a frequency where the image rejection mixer reduces an image. Therefore, a high performance filter is not required, and hence a low price is realized.

Abstract: A device and a method for processing high data rate serial data includes circuitry for recovering a clock based on the high data rate input data stream. A transceiver includes a coarse loop of a phase-locked loop that selectively provides a clock having accuracy that is within a specified amount. In a sample mode of operation, only the coarse loop PLL is coupled to provide an error signal from which an oscillation signal and clock may be derived. In a second mode (lock) of operation, the transceiver may lock to the received serial data stream by coupling the fine loop PLL to provide an adjusted error signal. In a third mode of operation, (automatic) the transceiver initially performs coarse loop calibration by de-coupling the fine loop PLL and coupling the coarse loop PLL until a steady state has been reached.

Abstract: There are provided, as a low noise amplifier (70) a low noise amplifier (71) with a low gain and a low noise amplifier (72) with a high gain, selectively operable under control of a bias current, and an output from the low noise amplifier (72) and a quadrature demodulator (80) are connected with a serial capacitance (73) and also an output from the low noise amplifier (71) and the quadrature demodulator (80) are serially connected. A control section (66) controls a reception circuit so that the low noise amplifier (71) operates when a reception signal level is high and the low noise amplifier (72) operates when the reception signal level is low. When the low noise amplifier (72) operates, a DC bias current thereof is made flow separately from a DC bias current of the quadrature demodulator (80), and, when the low noise amplifier (71) operates, a DC bias current thereof is shared with the quadrature demodulator.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) low noise amplifier includes an on-chip balun and an on-chip differential amplifier. The on-chip balun is operably coupled to convert a single-ended signal into a differential signal. The on-chip differential amplifier is operably coupled to amplify the differential signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relates to an integrated mixer. A problem with producing low power consumption mixers is that they require a relatively high operating voltage due to the number of layers of transistor between the power rails.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for operating a RF receiver of a communications equipment, as is circuitry for implementing the method. The method includes, while operating under the control of a data processor of the communications equipment, generating a calibration signal; injecting the calibration signal into a low noise amplifier (LNA) of the RF receiver; measuring a downconverted response of the receiver at a plurality of different frequencies of the calibration signal, or measuring the downconverted response of the receiver at a plurality of different LNA tuning combinations using a fixed calibration frequency, and at least one of tuning a resonance frequency of at least one LNA resonator based on the measured downconverted response so as to compensate at least for variations in component values that comprise the at least one resonator, or adjusting the linearity of the receiver.

Abstract: A frequency mixer that generates out of phase sum signals and uses the out of phase relationship to absorb sum signal energy in an energy absorbing component. A frequency mixer according to the present teachings includes a set of mixing devices that generate a first sum signal and a second sum signal in response to an input signal and a drive signal such that the first sum signal is out of phase in relation to the second sum signal. A frequency mixer according to the present teachings includes an energy absorbing component that absorbs the out of phase sum terms from the mixing devices.

Abstract: Because there are different voltages at two current output terminals of a current divider, the voltages at the current input terminals of two current switch circuits are not affected mutually even with a large amplitude of local signals. Accordingly, the performance of a quadrature mixer can be enhanced by increasing the amplitude of the local signals. Bias currents are supplied to the two current switch circuits through the current divider from a common DC current source which essentially supplies a bias current to a V/I converter and, therefore, power consumption is reduced.

Abstract: A radio frequency transmitter includes a digital baseband and coding module, an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a complex digital filter, a complex digital-to-analog converter and a radio frequency modulation module. The digital baseband and coding module is operably coupled to convert outbound data into outbound symbols in accordance with a baseband encoding protocol. The IFFT module is operably coupled to convert the outbound symbols into a complex time domain sample sequence. The complex digital filter is operably coupled to filter the complex time domain sequence such that signal strength of outbound RF signals in an exclusion RF band is at or below a specified signal strength with negligible attenuation on in-band signal strength.

Abstract: A Gilbert cell mixer for a wireless transceiver includes a first stage that performs voltage to current conversions and that includes first and second transistors that are operated in a saturation region and third and fourth transistors that are operated in a triode region. A second stage communicates with the first stage and that performs frequency conversion. A biasing circuit communicates with the first stage to maintain a substantially constant input linear range over temperature and process variations.

Abstract: A method modifies dual gate transistor into a radio frequency switch. The method attaches a first signal input to a first gate of the transistor, attaches a second signal input to the source or drain of the transistor, attaches a common gate contact to the first gate and the second gate, attaches a signal output to a second gate of the transistor, attaches a source/drain contact connected to the source region or drain region where the second signal input is attached, and modulates the voltage supplied to the common gate and the source/drain contact to control the radio frequency switch.

Abstract: A wide band mixer is provided that mitigates local oscillator leakage. A LO signal is provided to a 180 degree splitter that provides a first intermediate LO signal and a second intermediate LO signal 180° out of phase from one another. Since both the first and second intermediate LO signals are 180° out of phase, the fundamental LO leakage is mitigated at the RF port by the in-phase combination of the 180° out of phase LO tones canceling one another out and providing strong LO/RF rejection. An RF or microwave input signal is provided to a power splitter to provide a first intermediate RF signal and a second intermediate RF signal. The first intermediate LO signal is mixed with the first intermediate RF signal and the second intermediate LO signal is mixed with the second intermediate RF signal to provide an intermediate frequency signal at the output of the mixer.

Abstract: Configuration of a connection between an even-harmonic mixer and a filter is simplified, thereby enabling size reduction. An even-harmonic mixer and a high-frequency bandpass filter are connected to each other via a transmission line, thereby forming a filter-integrated even-harmonic mixer. The length of the transmission line is set so that impedance on the transmission line side as viewed from a connection point between the even-harmonic mixer and the transmission line is approximately 0 for a frequency fLO of a local oscillation signal. This allows elimination of an open stub which is used in a conventional even-harmonic mixer and of which the line length to provide equivalent grounding for the frequency fLO is about 1 mm. Thus, the connection portion between the even-harmonic mixer and the high-frequency bandpass filter is simplified and a compact circuit layout for the filter-integrated even-harmonic mixer is obtainable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for forming at least two intermediate frequency signals with different phases in a mixer (1), to which a first signal (RF) and a second signal (LO) are conducted. According to the method, the first intermediate frequency signal is formed by shifting the phase of the first signal (RF) and by mixing the phase-shifted first signal (RF) and the second signal (LO). The second intermediate frequency signal is formed by mixing the first signal (RF) and the second signal (LO). The phase shift of the first signal (RF) is performed in the mixer (1).

Abstract: A direct conversion receiver for receiving a first input signal and directly downconverting it to baseband frequencies. The receiver includes a frequency translator which is responsive to a phase-split input signal having 2n components, wherein n is an integer greater than 1. The phase-split signal has a period T which is about n times the period of the first input. The frequency translator alternates, at a rate of about 2n/T, between switching the first input signal to a first output, and switching the first signal to a second output. A preprocessor is available to improve the switching characteristics of the phase-split input signal.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) demodulation circuit comprising a harmonic rejection mixing stage capable of receiving and mixing an incoming radio frequency (RF) signal having a frequency RF and a reference local oscillator (LO) signal having a frequency LO and generating an output signal in which out-of-band harmonic signals are suppressed. The harmonic rejection mixing stage comprises 1) a multiphase local oscillator (LO) generator for receiving the reference LO signal and generating M phase-shifted local oscillator signals having frequencies LO and 2) M mixers, each of the M mixers receiving the incoming radio frequency signal and one of the M phase-shifted local oscillator signals. Each of the M mixers generates a subcomponent signal. The subcomponent signals are then scaled and combined to produce the output signal.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a programmable mixer of a local oscillation module to reduce local oscillation leakage begins by determining at least one of: DC offset of an input signal of the programmable mixer and process mismatches between a first mixing stage and a second mixing stage. The method continues by determining operational characteristics mismatch between the first mixing stage and the second mixing stage based on the at least one of the DC offset and process mismatches. The method continues by generating a control signal to substantially compensate for the operational characteristics mismatch. The method continues by providing the control signal to a compensation module, wherein the compensation module modifies operational characteristics of at least one of the first and second mixing stages based on the control signal such that the operational characteristics of the first mixing stage substantially equals the operational characteristics of the second mixing stage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods that employ a novel balanced duplexer that can be utilized to facilitate concurrent signal transmission and reception. The systems and methods can be employed within mobile devices such as cell phones and utilize two-filters (e.g., acoustic) with substantially similar input/output impedances interfaced with two couplers (e.g., 3 dB hybrid), which provide isolation and maintain the duplexer's input/output impedance. The couplers interface the filters to front/back ends such as signal processors, transmitters and receivers. The novel aspects of the present invention mitigate the need to employ external directional couplers between the duplexer and front/back ends. In addition, the two-filter topology enables employment of lower powered rated filters. The systems and methods further provide for separation and isolation of transmitters and receivers, which reduces noise coupling and enables the transmitter and receiver to be placed within close proximity.

Abstract: A mixer circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the invention includes a first mixer stage including first and second transmission gates, and a second mixer stage including third and fourth transmission gates. The mixer further includes a first base band signal terminal coupled with the first and second transmission gates and a second base band signal terminal coupled with the third and fourth transmission gates. The mixer circuit processes signals so as to mix a base band signal communicated to the first and second base band signal terminals with a differential LO signal communicated to first and second LO signal terminals to create a first mixed differential signal. Alternatively, the mixer extracts a base band signal from a mixed signal communicated to the first and second mixed signal terminals signal using the LO signal communicated to the first and second LO signal terminals.

Abstract: A mixer circuit is disclosed that includes a first mixer stage including first and second transmission gates. The mixer circuit also includes a second mixer stage including third and fourth transmission gates. The mixer further includes a first base band signal terminal coupled with the first and second transmission gates and a second base band signal terminal coupled with the third and fourth transmission gates. The mixer circuit processes signals so as to mix a base band signal communicated to the first and second base band signal terminals with a differential LO signal communicated to first and second LO signal terminals to create a first mixed differential signal. Alternatively, the mixer extracts a base band signal from a mixed signal communicated to the first and second mixed signal terminals signal using the LO signal communicated to the first and second LO signal terminals.

Abstract: A mixer circuit contains a first terminal and a second terminal to which a first differential input signal is applied, and an active element switching a short-circuit between the first terminal and the second terminal. By driving the active element by a second differential input signal having a predetermined frequency, the first terminal and the second terminal are intermittently short-circuited at twice the frequency of a predetermined frequency.

Abstract: A frequency translating device (FTD) includes at least one mixer diode connected to down-convert a radio frequency (RF) to an intermediate frequency (IF) and to up-convert an IF to an RF and a source of direct current (DC) bias that is connected to the mixer diode. The source of DC bias provides DC bias to the mixer diode that moves the voltage applied to the mixer diode closer to the threshold voltage of the mixer diode. The mixer diode is turned on in response to the DC bias and a local oscillator (LO) drive. Because DC bias is applied to the mixer diode, the peak to peak voltage range of the LO drive can be reduced, thereby reducing the voltage-dependent capacitance of the mixer diode, causing the FTD to exhibit improved reciprocity. The FTD can be used in a three-pair measurement system to determine the conversion response of another FTD.

Abstract: A mixer, which is a single balanced mixer, includes an LO port for inputting an LO signal, an RF port for inputting an RF signal, an IF port for outputting an IF signal, a balun for converting an unbalanced signal into a balanced signal, and a pair of mixer diodes connected in series. The mixer further includes a high-pass filter for blocking LO and IF signals and passing an RF signal and a low-pass filter for blocking LO and RF signals and passing an IF signal.