Abstract: Polarized pixelated filter sub-array is reconfigured to reduce sensitivity to misalignment. The condition number increases more slowly than the standard polarized pixelated filter sub-array as the misalignment increases. In different embodiments, the filter sub-array is configured such that the condition number has a finite bound at ½ pixel misalignment. The angular values of the polarizer filter array are determined to minimize the sensitivity of the condition number of the data reduction matrix to misalignment. This can be achieved by selecting angular values that minimize the expected value of the condition number E(CN) over the range of misalignment.

Abstract: A radio station (1) includes a first part (1A) and at least one second part (1B). The second part (1B) can be arranged so as to be physically separated from the first part (1A) and is connected to the first part (1A) via a transmission line (40) so as to be able to communicate with the first part (1A). The first part (1A) includes a bearer termination unit (10) capable of terminating at least one bearer between an upper network and the radio station (1). The second part (1B) includes a physical layer signal processing unit (12) that performs physical layer signal processing. The physical layer signal processing includes channel coding and decoding for user data pertaining to a first mobile station connected to the second part (1B) among a plurality of mobile stations.

Abstract: A method for reestablishing and recovering a LTE-based trunking communication system is described. The method includes: monitoring first resource configuration information of a serving cell and second resource configuration information of a neighbor cell, configuring the user terminal according to the first resource configuration information to allow access of the user terminal serving as a trunking listening user, and storing the second resource configuration information; the user terminal establishing an RRC link and a service bearer with the network side; when detecting abnormality of a radio link, the user terminal determining a target cell in the service cell and the neighbor cell, and sending a reestablishment request to the target cell, such that the target cell initiates a reestablishment process to recover a common service or both a common service and a trunking speaking user service, and recover a trunking listening user service according to the second resource configuration information.

Abstract: A network node (600), a wireless device (602) and methods therein, for enabling access to a radio network. System signatures are associated with corresponding system information configurations that can be used for accessing the radio network in a first area. The system signatures are reused in a second area as associated with system information configurations which are different than in the first area. The network node (600) indicates (6:3) that at least one system information configuration stored in the wireless device (602) is invalid and should not be used. The wireless device (602) then makes (6:4) the at least one invalid system information configuration unusable in the wireless device, e.g. by deleting it from the wireless device (602). Thereby, the risk of using an incorrect system information configuration based on a reused system signature can be reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: A mobile communications system including a network with a source network node and a target network node that supports a handover procedure, and a mobile terminal that is allowed to access the source network node and access the target network node according to the handover procedure, in which information related to a reception status of user data is delivered between at least two among a group including the mobile terminal, the source network node, and the target network node such that the target network node may receive status information from the source network node and the target network node may receive a status report from the mobile terminal.

Abstract: In particular, systems and methods according to present principles configure physical eNodeB to have multiple virtual eNodeBs, where each virtual eNodeBs corresponds to a particular PLMN. Thus, each PLMN has its own virtual eNodeB which is hosted on a common shared physical eNodeB.

Abstract: Managing a tracking area list in a wireless communication system is provided. An operation of a Mobile Station (MS) includes transmitting a request for tracking area update for a 1st tracking area, receiving a tracking area list to which the 1st tracking area and a 2nd tracking area are added, and updating a stored tracking area list by the tracking area list to which the 1st tracking area and the 2nd tracking area are added.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for analyzing radio frequency (RF) data. RF data is received from one or more RF sensors, wherein the RF data is collected over a particular frequency range and resolution bandwidth. One or more frequencies not in use are determined based on the RF data and a signal level threshold. One or more recommended frequencies for use are calculated based on the one or more open frequencies and an intermodulation function, wherein each of the one or more recommended frequencies reduces a potential for intermodulation distortion than other frequencies in the frequency range.

Abstract: A method, a device, and a non-transitory storage medium having instructions to receive tune away data from a multimode mobile device and to adjust network processes based on the tune away data including downlink scheduling, uplink scheduling, and handover procedures.

Abstract: Techniques are described herein for fast and efficient discovery of small cells by user equipment (“UE”) in a wireless telecommunications network. The small cells may operate at a high frequency band (“HFB”), which may correspond to higher frequencies than other cells (e.g., base stations, such as evolved Node Bs (“eNBs”)) of the network. The UE may receive assistance information, which may include polling channel configurations, beamforming weights, carrier frequencies, cell identifiers of small cells, and/or other information. The UE may use the assistance information when outputting (either omnidirectionally, pseudo-omnidirectionally, or directionally) a polling sequence, in order to detect the small cells.

Abstract: There is provided a Through the Earth Emergency Radio (TER) method and apparatus for creating a communications link that can penetrate the earth or other thick, solid barriers. The communication link is used to connect mobile radios or other conventional wireless devices located below ground and on the surface. The through the earth communication link uses a multi-carrier modulation method that minimizes the impact of AC power line noise by locating each carrier between the harmonic frequencies of the AC power line noise.

Abstract: A base transceiver station (BTS) includes dedicated memories to store uplink real-time (RT) data received by way of an antenna of the BTS and downlink RT data generated by processors of the BTS. The dedicated memories serve a dedicated number of processors, which prevents over-run and under-run of antenna buffers and provides deterministic data flow necessary to stream time-critical uplink and downlink RT data. Thus, a high and dedicated bandwidth for the uplink and downlink RT data is ensured.

Abstract: A method for updating a tracking area in a wireless communication system is provided. The method may be performed between a mobile relay node and a user equipment. The mobile relay node transmits a tracking area change message to a user equipment (UE) on the mobile relay node, receives a tracking area change response message from the UE as a response to the tracking area change message, transmits a tracking area update (TAU) request message to a donor evolved NodeB (DeNB), receives a TAU accept message from a mobility management entity (MME), and transmits a TAU complete message to the UE.

Abstract: Method and system for processing a request associated with a user from a requesting node to an answering node in a telecommunications network. A repository is associated with the answering node, the repository including a data structure including a plurality of user profiles associated with a plurality of users. In the answering node a user profile of the plurality of user profiles is associated with the user. The method comprising the steps of assigning a unique user index to each user profile in the data structure, wherein the user index is representative of the location of the user profile within the data structure, communicating at least one user index to the requesting node, incorporating the user index in the request by the requesting node, transmitting the request from the requesting node to the answering node, and retrieving the user profile associated with the user associated with the request by the answering node on the basis of the user index.

Abstract: For an incoming session intended for a user element, a domain selection function (DSF) is provided in a multimedia subsystem (MS) to select a circuit-switched subsystem (CS) or MS domain to use when routing the incoming session to the user element. Regardless of the domain in which incoming sessions are originated, the incoming sessions intended for the user element are routed to an S-CSCF in the MS. The S-CSCF directly or indirectly employs the DSF to determine whether to use the MS or the CS for terminating the incoming session. Based on available domain selection criteria, the DSF will select an appropriate domain, such as the MS or CS, to use for routing the incoming session to the user element. The domain selection decision of the DSF is provided to the S-CSCF, which will proceed by routing the incoming session to the user element via the selected domain.

Abstract: The present disclosure proposes a method for managing a tracking area identity (TAI) list to be used by a user equipment (UE), a user equipment using the same, and a communication system using the same. The present disclosure would include a UE which stores a forbidden TAI list. A mobility management entity (MME) would transmit a first message which includes a TAI List to the UE. The UE would then determine whether the TAI list and the forbidden TAI list contain a first tracking area which is on both the TAI list and the forbidden tracking area list. If that is the case, the UE may either remove the first tracking area from the TAI list or the UE may remove the first track area from the forbidden tracking area list. After the revision of the TAI list is complete, the UE may synchronize the TAI with the MME.

Abstract: The invention proposes in particular a method of managing the connectivity of a terminal connectable to a cellular communication network characterized in that it comprises the following steps carried out in the terminal: if the terminal is already connected to the network: on completion of the dispatching of messages or after a predetermined duration following the dispatching of messages, determining whether conditions of configurations required in order to maintain a connection of the terminal to the network are all satisfied, maintaining the connection of the terminal to the network and authorizing the dispatching of the messages only if the conditions of configurations required to establish a connection of the terminal to the network are all satisfied, otherwise interrupting the connection of the terminal to the network, receiving from a management module remote from the terminal a signalling message ordering a disconnection of the terminal.

Abstract: A first radio network node (110) and a method therein for measuring interference as well as a second radio network node (120) and a method therein for enabling the first radio network node to measure interference are disclosed. The first radio network node (110) obtains (201) configuration information for indicating a designated subframe in which a reference signal for measurement of the interference is to be transmitted by the second radio network node (120). The second radio network node (120) obtains (202) configuration information for configuring a designed subframe for transmission of a reference signal. The first radio network node (110) receives (205), in the designated subframe indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal transmitted by the second radio network node (120). The first radio network node (110) determines (206) a value of the interference based on the reference signal.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to techniques for improving a circuit-switched fallback (CSFB) user experience. In aspects, methods and systems for autonomously returning a user equipment (UE) from a 2G (2nd generation)/3G (3rd generation) network to an LTE (Long Term Evolution) network are provided. The UE may store a flag to note whether a current circuit switched (CS) call in the 2G/3G network is a result of a CSFB. The UE, in response to detecting a termination of the current CS call in the 2G/3G network and determining that the terminated call was a CSFB call (e.g., from the status of the flag), may trigger a mobility mechanism to autonomously return the UE to the LTE network.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and techniques for network-enabled device provisioning are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a network-enabled device may include: a storage device; listening logic to wirelessly receive a plurality of key fragments from a corresponding plurality of peer devices, to cause storage of the plurality of key fragments in the storage device, and to receive an encrypted provisioning message from a management device; key generation logic to generate a decryption key based on the plurality of key fragments stored in the storage device to decrypt the encrypted provisioning message, and to decrypt the encrypted provisioning message using the decryption key; and control logic to provision the network-enabled device in accordance with instructions included in the decrypted provisioning message. Other embodiments may be disclosed and/or claimed.

Abstract: A method and system is disclosed for inter-technology diversity. A transmitting device may concurrently transmit a communication unit, such as a data packet, on two or more different air interfaces to a receiving device. The receiving device may concurrently receive the two or more transmissions on two or more corresponding air interfaces, and may then apply forward error correction to the two or more received communication unit in order to recover an error-free version of the communication unit. The transmitting device could be a multi-modal base station (or other access element) of a wireless communication system, and the receiving device could be a multi-modal access terminal (AT) or other user equipment (UE). Additionally or alternatively, the transmitting device could be an AT or UE, and the receiving device could be a base station.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments of the invention provide at least a method and apparatus to perform operations including transmitting an indication of a default configuration for a sub-frame having a downlink transmission portion and an uplink transmission portion; transmitting an indication of a preferred configuration for said sub-frame; and scheduling at least one of transmissions to and transmissions from a communication device according to said preferred sub-frame configuration.

Abstract: A content capability clearing house that can act as a trusted and neutral mediator among network providers to manage rich content capabilities among multiple networks is provided. Content capabilities that can be brokered include, but are not limited to, quality of service and content screening. In an embodiment, a content capability clearing house includes a receiver that receives content capability request messages and other messages from network providers. A content capability request message includes a quality of service request and/or a subscriber profile request for use with content screening and subscriber specific advertisements. The present invention includes a series of methods for determining content capabilities for data transmission over a transaction between a content provider and a subscriber in which a content capability clearing house is used to efficiently broker and manage the capability among multiple network providers.

Abstract: Control of transitions between radio resource control, RRC, states for a wireless terminal in a radio access network is described. The radio resource control states comprise a first state and a second state. A calculation (702) is made of a prediction of an inter-arrival time, ITB, between data bursts to be handled. A detection (704) that a data burst is to be handled is done and then it is decided (706) whether to make a transition from the first state to the second state essentially immediately and upon termination of handling of the detected data burst if the prediction of the ITB is greater than a current ITB threshold. The current ITB threshold is a time interval that is depending on a function of RRC state transition costs and the fractional distribution of true predictions and false predictions of a plurality of predicted ITB values in relation to recorded ITB values.

Abstract: A relaying device is provided, which can mediate by using communications of a wireless apparatus without clipping off the beginning of verbal communication. The relaying device includes: a network interface that receives an audio signal as a group of packet trains via a network; a wireless apparatus interface to which a wireless apparatus is connected; a voice buffer that temporarily stores the audio signal; and a control unit that starts temporarily storing the audio signal in the voice buffer and requests the wireless apparatus to reserve a channel, when a leading packet of the group of packet trains is received, and that reads the temporarily stored audio signal from the voice buffer and transfers the audio signal to the wireless apparatus, after receiving from the wireless apparatus a reply indicating that a channel has been reserved.

Abstract: A method for controlling identification of a cell in a communication system may be proposed. The method may include: setting a cell by using a first cell index in user equipment (UE); receiving, by the UE, a control signal indicating that a cell index is changed from the first cell index to a second cell index; and setting the cell by using the second cell index without releasing the cell by the UE.

Abstract: Some demonstrative embodiments include devices, systems and/or methods of controlling wireless communication based on an orientation-related attribute of a wireless communication device. For example, a wireless communication device may include a controller to receive from a sensor orientation-related information indicating an orientation-related attribute of the wireless communication device, and to control an antenna scheme of one or more antennas of the wireless communication device based on said orientation-related information.

Abstract: Techniques for improving uplink throughput of UE uplink transmissions are disclosed. The UE may communicate with an eNB over an LTE wireless link using a first radio, and with a WLAN access point over a WLAN wireless link using a second radio. The UE may schedule a first portion of uplink data from an aggregating layer of the UE for transmission over the WLAN wireless link during a scheduling window, the scheduling based on an availability of access to the LTE wireless link. The UE may transmit the first portion of the uplink data over the WLAN wireless link during the scheduling window. The aggregation of the LTE wireless link with the WLAN wireless link may allow the UE to transmit uplink data from the aggregating layer of the UE over both the LTE wireless link or the WLAN wireless link.

Abstract: A method and system for wireless communication are disclosed. The method comprises: the master device generates a sequence code through a specific encoder and transmits the sequence code to each slave device continuously within a preset period according to the communication demand, wherein the specific encoder is a feedback shift register constructed by a specific polynomial, of which the coefficients and the order are in correlation with the communication demand while all of the coefficients and initial values are not equal to 0 at the same time; the preset period is greater than or equal to the sum of a sleeping period and a detecting period of the slave device, which constitutes a sleeping-and-waking cycle; the slave device receives a continuous section of the sequence code in the detecting period, decodes the sequence code through a decoder corresponding to the encoder, and performs corresponding operation according to the decoding result.

Abstract: A radio base station measures a reception power of a downlink radio signal transmitted for a first radio area and controls a transmission power of a downlink radio signal to be transmitted for a second radio area according to the measured reception power.

Abstract: Techniques are described for power conservation in emergency broadcast message reception in a wireless communications system. In accordance with a method for conserving power, one or more segments of an emergency broadcast message in an access stratum are received. The emergency broadcast message is identified as a duplicate emergency broadcast message based at least in part on one or more identifiers of the received one or more segments. The receipt of additional segments of the emergency broadcast message is terminated.

Abstract: In a cellular radio system cell identities, in particular E-UTRAN PCIDs, are grouped in accordance with the area (e.g., Tracking Area), to which they belong to in a message transmitted from a radio base station to a mobile station. In one embodiment the grouped cell identity information is transmitted as a broadcast message. A multi RAT (e.g., GERAN/E-UTRAN) capable mobile station receiving such a broadcast message where the IDs are grouped together in tracking area groups is then enabled to determine the neighboring cells that belong to the same area. When cell reselection to an E-UTRAN cell is rejected due to a Tracking Area not being allowed, the mobile station can then be allowed to directly initiate cell reselection to E-UTRAN cells that are not part of the same PCID group, and which do not belong to the same tracking area.

Abstract: A mobile communication system having a plurality of predefined cells that are mutually adjacent, comprises a spare cell that covers a boundary region of the plurality of predefined cells. The plurality of predefined cells use a predetermined frequency band and a first radio frame. The spare cell uses a second radio frame having a configuration different from the first radio frame so as to share the predetermined frequency band with the plurality of predefined cells through a time division.

Abstract: Automatic provisioning of an access point base station or femtocell. The method may include the femtocell transmitting first information (e.g., location information, signal measurement information, capability information, etc.) to a service provider (e.g., over an IP network). The femtocell may receive second information from the service provider, where the second information includes one or more operational parameters. The operational parameters may include hand-off parameters, admission policy parameters, PN or scrambling codes, power parameters, and/or other parameters. The femtocell may operate according to the received parameters to provide access for a plurality of access terminals in a local area.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a communication method between a terminal and a network during an inter PLMN (public land mobile network) handover in a mobile communication network that shares an E-UTRAN (evolved universal terrestrial radio access network), and a mobile communication system thereof. According to the present invention, the terminal performs E-UTRAN registration through a base station (eNB) and an MME (MME), updates a routing area, activates ISR (idle state signaling reduction), receives a handover command to the previous PLMN or another PLMN and transmits a location update request message to the MME while the handover is being executed. As such, a communication disconnect or any authentication or security failure during the inter PLMN handover of the terminal can be avoided.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of performing a network cell reselection for a mobile device after a handover attempt fails. Initially, a handover is attempted for the mobile device in a radio resource control (RRC) connected mode from a serving network base station to a target network base station. Next a failure condition associated with the handover attempt is identified by the mobile device. In one scenario, the failure condition is identified in response to the mobile device receiving an RRC connection release message from its serving network base station. In another scenario, the failure condition is identified when the mobile device detects a radio link failure event. Thereafter, the mobile device performs a network scan to identify any available network base stations for the network cell reselection. Subsequently, the mobile device attaches to a preferred network base station of the identified available network base stations to complete the network cell reselection.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for codec rate adjustment. A media gateway (MGW) determines whether an initial codec rate of a first interface is consistent with an initial codec rate of a second interface or an initial codec rate of a third interface, where the first interface is an A interface, the second interface is an Nb interface, and the third interface is an Iu interface; when determining that the initial codec rate of the first interface is inconsistent with the initial codec rate of the second interface or the initial codec rate of the third interface, the MGW adjusts the initial codec rate of the second interface or the initial codec rate of the third interface to the initial codec rate of the first interface. Therefore, quick and convenient codec rate adjustment can be implemented and voice service quality can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining handover criterion in a cellular wireless communication system, said cellular wireless communication system employing handover procedures according to which mobile stations may be handed over from a cell to another cell; said method comprising the steps of: receiving at least one handover control criterion parameter, and determining at least one handover criterion based on said at least one handover control criterion parameter. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method in a network control entity, a method in a network entity, a computer program, a computer program product, a network control entity device, a network entity device and a cellular communication system comprising such devices.

Abstract: A method provided in one embodiment includes receiving a resource list including a first core network identifier identifying a first core network, at least a first resource identifier identifying a first subset of network resources from a plurality of network resources associated with the first core network, and a first priority value associated with each of the identified resources of the first core network. The method further includes receiving a first device identifier associated with a first user equipment, determining whether a portion of the first device identifier matches the first core network identifier, and modifying the resource list to include at least a second resource identifier identifying a second subset of the network resources from the plurality of network resources associated with the first core network when the portion of the first device identifier is determined to match the first core network identifier.

Abstract: An architecture and method of call routing is provided based on session initiated protocol presence information of a callee. The method includes providing a computer infrastructure operable to: receive presence information of a callee upon detecting when the callee is within a certain proximity; and provide call routing information to at least one callee designated device based on customized rules provided by the callee and correlated to the presence information of the callee. The presence information is updated by a SIP based notification.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for dynamically signaling encoder capabilities of vocoders of corresponding communication nodes. In one embodiment, during a call between a first communication node and a second communication node, a control node (e.g., base station controller or mobile switching center) for the first communication node sends capability information for a voice encoder of a vocoder of the first communication node to a control node for the second communication node. As a result, the second communication node is enabled to select and request a preferred encoder mode for the voice encoder of the vocoder of the first communication node based on the capabilities of the voice encoder of the vocoder of the first communication node.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for a terminal transreceiving data with a first base station supporting first radio access technology (RAT) and a second bases station supporting second RAT in a radio access system supporting Multi-RAT, and comprises the following steps: performing initial network entry with the first base station; negotiating with the first base station Multi-RAT capability for exchanging information necessary to access the second base station; performing the access process with the second base station; and simultaneously transreceiving data between the first base station and the second base station, which is accessed through the access process, wherein the step of negotiating Multi-RAT capability further comprises a step of transmitting control information that expresses a specific service flow or a QoS type, which prefers communication with the second base station, to the first base station.

Abstract: A method and system for managing voice call and IP media sessions in a wireless communication environment are provided. The method includes determining whether a User Equipment (UE) is simultaneously performing a voice call session and at least one Internet Protocol (IP) media session over a first network cell associated with a first Radio Access Technology (RAT); continuing, if the UE is simultaneously performing the voice call session and the at least one IP media session, the voice call session over the first network cell and routing data streams associated with the at least one IP media session to the UE over a second network cell associated with a second RAT; and detaching, if the UE is not simultaneously performing the voice call session and the at least one IP media session, the UE from the first network cell associated with the first RAT.

Abstract: Motion-based handoff control techniques are disclosed. For example, an apparatus may include a signal strength determination module, a motion determination module, and a handoff controller. The signal strength determination module generates signal strength information corresponding to the strength of a wireless signal received from a first wireless link. From this information, the motion determination module determines a motion characteristic of the apparatus. Based on the motion characteristic, the handoff controller performs handoff operations for a second wireless link. In this manner, handoff operations may be tailored to the operational characteristics of the apparatus. For instance, certain handoff operations may be halted when the motion characteristic indicates the apparatus having a substantially stationary position. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Technology for adapting a video stream using a quality of experience (QoE) report is disclosed. One method can include a QoE-aware system in a node of a radio access network (RAN) receiving a QoE report with at least one QoE metric from a wireless device. The QoE-aware system can extract the at least one QoE metric in a function layer from a QoE reporting layer. The function layer can be a layer other than the QoE reporting layer. The QoE-aware system can modify a layer function in the function layer to improve the QoE metric.

Abstract: A control apparatus in a communication system including a base station and terminals, the control apparatus including: a memory, and a processor coupled the memory and configured to receive data addressed to M terminals (where M is a natural number equal to or greater than 2) of the terminals, and to transmit the received data to the base station, such that N terminals (where N is a natural number less than M) of the M terminals are scheduled in the same timing by the base station.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for handling a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) OPTIONS capability query message in a communication network. A SIP proxy node receives a SIP OPTIONS message from a querying node. It sends the message to a plurality of devices, and receives a response from at least two of the plurality of devices. Each response includes an identity of the responding device and an indication of the capabilities of the responding device. Each received response is stored in a memory, and a reply message is generated. The reply message includes the identities and capabilities of all of the responding devices. This reply message is then sent to the querying node. This allows the querying node to receive capability information relating to all of the callee's devices rather than just the one that responds first.

Abstract: Communication networks and methods are disclosed for providing a message restriction process used to control the transmission of Diameter messages. The communication network includes a Diameter server operable to serve a plurality of Diameter clients. The Diameter server detects a triggering event for initiating the message restriction process, such as detecting an overload condition. The Diameter server then generates control information that defines the Diameter messages that the Diameter clients are authorized to transmit during the message restriction process. The Diameter server generates a message restriction instruction that includes the control information, and transmits the message restriction instruction to one or more of the Diameter clients to initiate the message restriction process based on the control information.

Abstract: In-band signaling may be used between two stations to determine the capabilities of the stations and/or send actionable information between the stations participating in the call. The in-band signals are indicative that the station that is transmitting the in-band signals can use in-band signals as a conduit to send and/or receive various types of information and are used to probe whether the receiving station can operate similarly. If the receiving station detects and reacts to the in-band signals, then both stations can pass control information and data as well as enhancements between each other, without any need of infrastructure upgrade and/or quality compromise to legacy phone users. Additionally or alternatively, out of band interfaces and watermarking may also be used.

Abstract: A network node, method, and mobile terminal for providing circuit-switched (CS) voice calls to a mobile terminal operating in a packet-switched (PS)-only network. A control node such as an EPC node in an SAE/LTE PS-only network is modified to mimic the messaging functionality of a Serving GPRS Service Node (SGSN). The EPC node is connected to an MSC/VLR in a CS network through a Gs interface. The EPC node registers the terminal with the MSC/VLR and provides a VLR TMSI to the terminal. When the MSC/VLR receives an incoming CS voice call for the terminal, the MSC/VLR notifies the EPC node, which sends a paging message to the terminal. To set up the CS voice call, the terminal sends a paging response directly to the MSC/VLR.