Abstract: A terminal includes: a metal housing; a frame surrounds the metal housing; and a metal antenna radiator arranged between the metal housing and the frame, surrounding the metal housing, and having a first end coupled with a feed source through a matching circuit and a second end grounded.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). According to one embodiment, an apparatus for beamforming includes a detector for measuring at least one change of movement and rotation of an apparatus; and a calculator for determining a beamforming parameter for aligning a beam direction with another apparatus by compensating for the change of the beam direction according to at least one of the movement and the rotation.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a housing and an antenna radiator disposed in the housing. An opening is formed in the housing. The opening includes a first portion configured to align with a length direction of the antenna radiator at a position corresponding to the antenna radiator and penetrate the housing in a thickness direction, and a second portion connected to the first portion, the second portion being configured to form a specified angle with respect to the length direction of the antenna radiator and penetrate the housing in a thickness direction. At least a portion of the housing, which surrounds the opening, comprises a conductive member. At least a portion of a circumference of the opening comprises an electrical open curve.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for wireless communication, and more particularly, to using a flexible printed circuit board (PCB) to convey signals between a radio frequency (RF) module and a baseband module. The flexible PCB can then be used as a medium for deploying antennas or creating arrays of multiple RF modules.

Abstract: A tunable inductor arrangeable on a chip or substrate comprises a first winding part connected at one end to a first input of the tunable inductor arrangement, a second winding part connected at one end to the other end of the first winding part, a third winding part connected at one end to a second input of the tunable inductor arrangement, a fourth winding part connected at one end to the other end of the third winding part, and a switch arrangement arranged. The switch arrangement tunes the tunable inductor by selectively connecting the first and fourth winding parts in parallel and the second and third winding parts in parallel, with the parallel couplings in series between the first and second inputs, or connecting the first, second, fourth and third winding parts in series between the first and second inputs. Corresponding transceivers, communication devices, methods and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a metal housing; the metal housing includes a first edge and a second edge arranged opposite to each other, and a third edge and a fourth edge arranged opposite to each other. The third edge and the fourth edge are connected between the first edge and the second edge. A partitioning seam is provided in the metal housing so that at least one radiating part is formed in the metal housing. In the antenna device provided by embodiments of the present disclosure, the metal housing is enabled to be a radiator through a combination of the partitioning seam and a radiating circuit. The present disclosure further provides an antenna device and a mobile terminal.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an antenna device including: a peripheral frame made of a signal shielding material and provided with at least two micro seam bands which partition the peripheral frame into at least two frame bodies, the frame bodies including a first antenna, the micro seam band having at least one micro seam; a first matching circuit electrically coupled to the first antenna; and a first radio-frequency receiving and emitting circuit electrically coupled to the first matching circuit. The frame bodies further includes a second antenna including a second matching circuit and a second radio-frequency receiving and emitting circuit, the second matching circuit is electrically coupled between the second antenna and the second radio-frequency receiving and emitting circuit, and the two radio-frequency receiving and emitting circuits deal with different radio-frequency signals. The micro seam band further includes a frame strip. The present disclosure further provides a mobile terminal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electricity feeding structure, comprising: a resonator including an electricity feeding part and a ground part connected to the electricity feeding part; a resonance adding part disposed between the electricity feeding part and the ground part; and a controlling part disposed in at least one of the electricity feeding part, the resonance adding part and the ground part. According to the present invention, since the electricity feeding structure includes the controlling part, it is possible to easily control the resonant frequency band of an antenna device.

Abstract: This invention provides a module for a handheld device. The module includes an imager with optics and image acquisition/processing processors that provide high speed acquisition and handling of acquired image data—such as IDs. The acquired image data is processed by the device processor using a module application that resides within the device. The module includes indicators and/or alarms that can indicate success in reading an ID. A subframe removably mounts within the module's main body/frame and carries the device. The subframe can vary to accommodate different devices within a single main body/frame geometry. The main body/frame includes appropriate structures (ports) to enable optical transmission to, for example, cameras and illuminators so that various native functions of the device can be employed as desired. The main body/frame can also house a battery and charging assembly that supplies power to the device and allows charging through-for example and inductive charging unit.

Abstract: According to an example, an AP may obtain an influence index for each of antenna combinations, and determine antenna combinations whose influence indices are smaller than or equal to a pre-determined threshold to be valid antenna combinations. The antenna combinations may include antennas not more than the maximum number of transmitting links supported by the AP. Each influence index may indicate the influence of an antenna combination on default antenna combinations of neighboring APs operating on the same channel. The AP may adjust the available transmission rates supported by the AP according to the largest number of antennas in the valid antenna combinations. The AP may select a transmission rate from the range for a frame, determine the number of antennas corresponding to the selected transmission rate, and select an antenna combination in which the number of antennas equals the determined number of antennas from the valid antenna combinations for transmitting the frame.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a radio base station, a mobile station and a method for determining a transmitting power. A radio base station, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, is connected with a plurality of mobile stations, wherein a first mobile station in the plurality of mobile stations can form at least one mobile station pair with other mobile stations. The radio base station comprises: a processing unit, configured to determine an initial value of a power factor of each mobile station pair according to state data of respective mobile stations in the mobile station pair, and determine an adjustment value of the power factor for the first mobile station according to state data of the first mobile station; and a transmitting unit, configured to transmit the initial value of the at least one mobile station pair and the adjustment value to the first mobile station.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a peripheral conductive housing wall. The housing wall may be patterned to form first and second continuous regions defining opposing edges of a patterned region. The patterned region may include slots that divide the wall into conductive structures between the first and second continuous regions. A tuning element for an antenna in the device may be formed from the conductive structures and the slots in the patterned region. The slots and the conductive structures in the patterned region may be configured to mitigate any excessive capacitances between the first and second continuous regions in one or more desired frequency bands to optimize antenna efficiency. The slots may be narrow enough so as to be invisible to the un-aided human eye. This may configure the first and second continuous regions to appear to a user as a single continuous piece of conductor.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a peripheral conductive wall. A gap in the wall may divide the wall into first and second segments. The device may include a first antenna having a first resonating element arm formed from the first segment and a second antenna having a second resonating element arm formed from the second segment. A non-near-field communications transceiver may perform multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) operations using the first and second antennas. The gap may provide satisfactory isolation between the first and second antennas while the first and second antennas perform MIMO operations. Near-field communications circuitry may convey near-field communications signals over a conductive loop path that includes portions of the first and second segments and the antenna ground. The volume of the conductive loop path may extend across substantially all of a width of the electronic device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to printed circuit board (PCB) tracking technology, specifically to a dipole antenna structure for a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. More specifically, the present invention relates to an edge type dipole antenna structure is implemented on an extremely small area on the edge of a ground plane provided on the PCB for various kinds of electronic products, and a PCB including the same.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a wireless charging system. The wireless charging system may include: a system body mounted with a power transmission part including a cavity shielded by a conductive material, a power feeding radiator configured to feed power within the cavity to form a resonance mode, and a slot formed at a location with a maximum E-field by the power feeding radiator to form a power transmission route with E-field coupling; and an electronic device including a power reception part mounted on the system body to receive power from the slot through H-field coupling. Various embodiments may be made.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method of operating the same may include: detecting mounting of a first external device through first short range communication, outputting a first object corresponding to the first external device, detecting an approach of a second external device through second short range communication, and outputting a second object corresponding to the second external device.

Abstract: An antenna control method for controlling an antenna device to switch between a plurality of beams. The antenna control method includes the steps of: (a) using the beams for communication one after another, and performing a scanning process on each of the beams, so as to retrieve a communication quality parameter; (b) comparing all of the communication quality parameters with each other, and selecting one of the beams as a main communication beam, wherein the selected beam has the best communication quality parameter; (c) performing a saturation determination process on the main communication beam; and (d) when the main communication beam causes saturation of a power amplifier, switching to another beam which is adjacent to the main communication beam as a substitute communication beam.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling a multi-microphone noise-canceling sound pickup range of a terminal, and belongs to the field of terminal technologies, where the method includes transmitting a first non-voice signal, receiving a second non-voice signal that is obtained after the first non-voice signal is reflected by a reflecting object, determining, according to the first non-voice signal and the second non-voice signal, whether a posture with which a user holds a terminal during a call is a normal posture, and adjusting a multi-microphone noise-canceling sound pickup range of the terminal when the posture with which the user holds the terminal during the call is not a normal posture. Hence, accuracy of adjusting a multi-microphone noise-canceling sound pickup range of a terminal can be improved. The apparatus includes a transmission module, a receiving module, a first determining module, and an adjustment module.

Abstract: A multi-band antenna includes a metal backing plate, a radiating conductor, a non-conductor and a connector. The non-conductor is interleaved between the metal backing plate and the radiating conductor. The connector is connected to the metal backing plate and the radiating conductor, and the connector is configured to adjust a connection path between the metal backing plate and the radiating conductor to adjust an antenna operation band.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electronic device including a metal housing and at least one switch. The metal housing includes a peripheral frame provided with at least one micro seam band, the peripheral frame is partitioned by the at least one micro seam band to form at least one frame body, the micro seam band is formed by at least two micro seams, and a metal strip is provided between two adjacent micro seams. The switch includes a first end and a second end, the first end is electrically coupled to the frame body, and the second end is electrically coupled to the metal strip. The at least one frame body is an independent antenna. The switch includes a plurality of second ends coupled to different metal strips correspondingly, and a variety of low-frequency bandwidths of the antenna is expanded through different closed or open states of the switch.

Abstract: A mobile device includes an antenna structure, a signal source, a tunable circuit element, and a tuner. The antenna structure includes a radiation element. The tunable circuit element is coupled to the radiation element. The antenna structure and the tunable circuit element are disposed in a clearance region of the mobile device. The tuner has a variable impedance value, and is coupled between the tunable circuit element and the signal source. The tuner and the signal source are disposed in a circuit board region of the mobile device.

Abstract: A wireless power receiving device includes a first coil partially disposed in an outer region and configured to transmit and/or receive data; and a second coil disposed inwardly of an inner boundary line of the outer region and configured to receive wirelessly transmitted power, wherein a center defined by an inner boundary line and a center defined by an outer boundary line of the second coil are different from each other.

Abstract: A delivery device includes an image capture device for generating delivery image data of a delivery at a service address. A processor executes a delivery application to bidirectionally communicate delivery data with the delivery data server via the network interface, wherein the delivery data includes a delivery tracking number and the delivery image data. The delivery data server processes the delivery data to provide a delivery confirmation to a customer at the service address, wherein the delivery confirmation includes the delivery tracking number and the delivery image data.

Abstract: An anti-electromagnetic interference unit is provided, and the anti-electromagnetic interference unit is used to avoid that electromagnetic interference affects a NFC antenna module. The anti-electromagnetic interference unit comprises a plurality of EBG structures. Each EBG structure comprises a central body and at least one channel. The at least one channel is extended from the body, and extending shape of the at least one channel is a structure with a plurality of meanders.

Abstract: An apparatus for selective usage of antennas for measurement purposes is provided. When the signal strength of the primary antenna is less than a signal strength threshold or the signal quality of the primary antenna is less than a signal quality threshold, the apparatus may determine at least one of whether a first difference between the signal strength of the primary antenna and the diversity antenna satisfies a first criteria or whether a second difference between the signal quality of the primary antenna and the diversity antenna satisfies a second criteria. When at least one of the first difference satisfies the first criteria or the second difference satisfies the second criteria, the apparatus may calculate the signal strength and signal quality of the diversity antenna for measurement evaluations and path-loss calculation based on the signal strength and signal quality of the primary antenna.

Abstract: An antenna structure includes a dielectric layer, on one side thereof a patterned conductive layer, a proximity sensor and a capacitor are provided. The patterned conductive layer includes a first and a second conductive layer that together form a coupled-fed antenna and respectively have a first and a second feed terminal connected to a signal feed line and a ground signal line. The proximity sensor includes a peripheral circuit connected to the second feed terminal, and a capacitance to digital circuit. The capacitor is connected between the ground signal line and the second feed terminal. By integrating the coupled-fed antenna and the proximity sensor on one circuit substrate, a part of the antenna can be used as the proximity sensor's capacitor electrode to reduce the volume and manufacturing cost of the antenna, and the proximity sensor is not interfered by other parts of the antenna and thereby has increased sensitivity.

Abstract: An information processing device includes: a communication control unit which performs short-range wireless communication with an IC tag; a base antenna; and a terminal to which an extension antenna device can be connected, the extension antenna device includes: extension antennas; and a terminal which, by being connected to the terminal to which an extension antenna device can be connected, connects the extension antennas and the information processing device to each other, and the communication control unit performs the short-range wireless communication with the IC tag via at least any of the base antenna 19 and the extension antennas.

Abstract: A multi-feed antenna is described where the antenna is optimized for the natural impedance state per frequency band. Multiple feed points are accessed as a function of frequency and use case to provide a feed port that is operating at the natural impedance state for the antenna structure. Impedance transforming circuits can be applied to the feed point to form impedance matching circuits to transform the antenna impedance to a characteristic impedance of the system or circuit interfacing with the antenna. The impedance transforming circuits can be eliminated and the RF circuitry interfacing with the antenna can be configured to operate at the natural frequency of the antenna.

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, adjusting a tuning state of a matching network of the communication device, selecting a power offset from among a group of power offsets where the selected power offset is associated with a sub-band of operation of the communication device, and adjusting a value associated with a measured receive power or a transmit power of the communication device based on the selected power offset to generate an offset power value. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a substrate, a structure arranged near the substrate and includes at least one electronic component, a conductive structure provided in the electronic device, and a conductor arranged in the structure, grounding the conductive structure to a ground of the substrate. Electronic components spaced within the electronic device are electrically connected to each other using the existing structure to be installed, so that a mounting space for preparing an electrical connector is prevented from being wasted, thereby making the electronic device slim. The embodiments according to the present disclosure can reduce the number of assembling processes and manufacturing costs.

Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for multiband wireless data transmission between aircraft and ground systems. The transmission uses different wavelength ranges, each wavelength range corresponding to a different data domain and establishing a different communication channel. This wavelength differentiation provides physical separation between different data domains and, as a result, improves data security. Furthermore, a single broadband antenna is used on the exterior of the aircraft for transmitting data sets from different data domains. The single antenna configuration reduces drag and weight and improves structural integrity of the aircraft in comparison to multi-antenna configurations. Different aircraft communication modules, which are connected to different aircraft systems, handle different data domains and operate at different wavelength ranges. These modules are connected to the same antenna using a multiplexer.

Abstract: A wireless terminal is provided, including a main control unit, a radio frequency power amplifier, and an antenna, where: the main control unit is coupled to the radio frequency power amplifier, and an output end of the radio frequency power amplifier is coupled to the antenna; the main control unit is configured to initiate a procedure for establishing a physical channel, and send a first gain control instruction to the radio frequency power amplifier, where when there is no uplink data to be transmitted through the physical channel link within a first preset time, the first gain control instruction is an instruction for reducing a gain; the radio frequency power amplifier determines its gain level according to the first gain control instruction; and the antenna is configured to transmit a radio frequency signal amplified by the radio frequency power amplifier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for monitoring the operating state of a device, including a communication circuit and antenna for wireless transmission of signals to and from a base device arranged on the device, including the steps of: transitioning between first and second operating states, wherein the first operating state corresponds to a position of an interfering object in spaced relation to the antenna and the second operating state corresponds to a position of the interfering object closer in relation to the antenna; interference of the signal transmission between the antenna and the base device by the interfering object when in its closer position, wherein the interfering object does not interfere with the signal transmission when in its spaced position; detection of at least one of the occurrence or lack of interference with the signal transmission for determination of a transition between the operating states.

Abstract: A method for disabling multiple-input and multiple-output operation in a communication device includes communicating data using multiple-input and multiple-output operation, wherein the data is communicated using multiple transceiver paths. Further, the method includes receiving position sensor input and disabling at least a portion of one or more transceiver paths, of the multiple transceiver paths, based on the position sensor input.

Abstract: An antenna device includes a ground; a monopole antenna including a first section running from a feeding point along the ground, a second section running in a direction away from the ground, and a third section running along the ground, the monopole antenna having a length corresponding to ¼ of a wavelength at a first resonance frequency; a parasitic element including a first section whose end is connected to the ground in the vicinity of the end of the first section of the monopole antenna and that runs in a direction away from the ground, and a second section, the parasitic element having a length corresponding to ¼ of a wavelength at a second resonance frequency; and a dipole antenna provided along the third section of the monopole antenna and the parasitic element, the dipole antenna having a length corresponding to ½ of a wavelength at a third resonance frequency.

Abstract: A mobile phone includes an antenna housing made of a resin, an insert metal plate made of a metal, which is buried in the antenna housing and has a connecting portion exposed from an outer surface of the antenna housing, and an antenna element provided on the outer surface of the antenna housing and brought into contact with the connecting portion. A boundary between a region where the antenna element is in contact with the connecting portion and a region where the antenna element is in contact with the antenna housing is nonlinear. With this structure, a mobile device is provided in which deterioration of the antenna performance is reduced even in the event of being subjected to an excessive external shock.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are directed to a display assembly. A display assembly may comprise a display unit and at least one antenna at least partially surrounding at least a portion of the display unit. The at least one antenna may be configured for at least one of receiving wireless power, transmitting data, and receiving data.

Abstract: A wireless device includes: a first radio and first transceiver configured to transmit and receive according to a first radio access technology; a second radio and second transceiver configured to transmit and receive according to a second radio access technology; a first antenna and a second antenna connected to the first radio and the second radio; a switch; and a control unit configured to control the switch to configure connections of the first and second antennas to the first and second radios. The control unit is configured to control the switch to disconnect the second radio from the second antenna in response to a receiving, by the second radio through the second antenna, a signal that is below a predetermined threshold, and to connect the second radio to the first antenna during a wakeup period of the second radio.

Abstract: Architectures and implementations of a transceiver system for wireless communications are presented, the system including one or more antennas supporting a single frequency band or multiple frequency bands, a transmit circuit, a receive circuit, and an isolation circuit that is coupled to the one or more antennas and the transmit and receive circuits and provides adequate isolation between the transmit circuit and the receive circuit.

Abstract: To achieve the above objectives, a wireless communication terminal of the present invention comprises: a case having a bent hole formed in one side thereof; an antenna carrier disposed in the case such that a side thereof faces the bent hole, and including a duct passing through one side and the other side thereof; a fan disposed on the other side of the antenna carrier; and an antenna disposed on the antenna carrier and the top surface of the fan and having an antenna pattern for transmitting and receiving wireless signals, wherein the wireless communication terminal has the antenna and a heat dissipating structure disposed in proximity such that one member performs two or more functions, so as to provide a wireless communication terminal making good use of internal space.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided. The apparatus listens for directional signal beams according to a first pattern, detects a plurality of discovery signals respectively from a plurality of connection points (CPs), wherein each CP transmits a discovery signal by transmitting a directional beam according to a respective pattern, determines information related to each CP based on the discovery signal detected from a respective CP, determines a timeslot for transmitting an association signal to each CP, wherein a respective timeslot is determined based on the information determined for the respective CP or a timeslot in which the respective discovery signal is transmitted by the respective CP according to the respective pattern, and transmits an association signal to each CP in the respective timeslot according to a determined beamforming direction of the UE and a determined beamforming direction of the respective CP.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for cableless connection of components within chassis and between separate chassis. Pairs of Extremely High Frequency (EHF) transceiver chips supporting very short length millimeter-wave wireless communication links are configured to pass radio frequency signals through holes in one or more metal layers in separate chassis and/or frames, enabling components in the separate chassis to communicate without requiring cables between the chassis. Various configurations are disclosed, including multiple configurations for server chassis, storage chassis and arrays, and network/switch chassis. The EHF-based wireless links support link bandwidths of up to 6 gigabits per second, and may be aggregated to facilitate multi-lane links.

Abstract: A method and system performs antenna tuning using detected changes in antenna self-capacitance in a wireless communication device. A modem detects changes in antenna self-capacitance by utilizing multiple antenna elements. The modem determines a current antenna loading condition using the detected changes in antenna self-capacitance. The modem determines appropriate tuning states for each antenna matching and tuning circuit (AMTC) associated with a respective antenna element. In order to determine the appropriate tuning states, the modem utilizes pre-established antenna self-capacitance information which is mapped to antenna tuning states. The antenna tuning states which are respectively mapped to pre-established antenna self-capacitance are empirically pre-determined by correlating antenna self-capacitance changes to antenna impedance changes.

Abstract: The present invention offers significant improvements in the performance of a radio receiver operating in an environment with high desired band interference. The present invention comprises a high selectivity RF circuit that is located between the antenna and the radio receiver, and utilizes superheterodyne technology to filter adjacent channel interference in the desired band frequency spectrum. This type of interference is problematic for IEEE 802.11 radio receivers that are implemented with the popular direct conversion radio receiver architectures. The present invention may be utilized in many types of radio receivers.

Abstract: A transmitter includes apparatus for integrating the antenna feed into a multilayer PCB. The apparatus includes an antenna element disposed over the multilayer PCB having slot openings that substantially overlap and that enable an RF signal to be coupled from a printed transmission line located on one of the multilayer PCB conductive layers. The multilayer PCB board hosts at least one transceiver unit and a baseband unit such that the antenna feed, transceiver and baseband units are integrated on a single multilayer PCB board without degradation of antenna bandwidth and efficiency.

Abstract: An antenna circuit includes a first antenna tuned to a first fundamental frequency and a second antenna tuned to a second fundamental frequency different from the first fundamental frequency. A first filter has a first terminal connected to the first antenna and attenuates the frequency components outside of a band defined by the first fundamental frequency or its harmonics. A second filter has a first terminal coupled to the second antenna and attenuates the frequency components outside of a band defined by the second fundamental frequency or its harmonics. A passive recombination element couples the second terminals of the two filters to a common terminal.

Abstract: A wireless device includes: a first radio and first transceiver configured to transmit and receive according to a first radio access technology; a second radio and second transceiver configured to transmit and receive according to a second radio access technology; a first antenna and a second antenna connected to the first radio and the second radio; a switch; and a control unit configured to control the switch to configure connections of the first and second antennas to the first and second radios. The control unit is configured to control the switch to disconnect the second radio from the second antenna in response to a receiving, by the second radio through the second antenna, a signal that is below a predetermined threshold, and to connect the second radio to the first antenna during a wakeup period of the second radio.

Abstract: A first antenna (31) is disposed closer to a rear touch panel (4) than to a display panel (2a) in the front-rear direction of a housing (20). The first antenna (31) is disposed so as to be offset with respect to the rear touch panel (4) in a direction perpendicular to the front-rear direction of the housing (20) so that at least a part of the first antenna (31) does not overlap the rear touch panel (4) in the front-rear direction of the housing (20). With such a structure, the display panel and touch panel are provided at the front surface and rear surface, respectively, and good reception sensitivity can be obtained.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a wireless chip which can increase a mechanical strength, and a wireless chip with a high durability. A wireless chip includes a transistor including a field-effect transistor, an antenna including a dielectric layer sandwiched between conductive layers, and a conductive layer connecting the chip and the antenna. Further, a wireless chip includes a transistor including a field-effect transistor, an antenna including a dielectric layer sandwiched between conductive layers, a sensor device, a conductive layer connecting the chip and the antenna, and a conductive layer connecting the chip and the sensor device. Moreover, a wireless chip includes a transistor including a field-effect transistor, an antenna including a dielectric layer sandwiched between conductive layers, a battery, a conductive layer connecting the chip and the antenna, and a conductive layer connecting the chip and the battery.

Abstract: Antennas are integrated into shield cans by etching one or more slots from a body portion thereof. Multiple antennas can be grouped onto a single shield can to provide both cost and space saving features. Antenna feed and ground connections are positioned on the circuit board and connections to the antenna are made when the shield can connects to the circuit board assembly.