Abstract: In accordance with various embodiments, methods, systems and apparatuses for transmitting communications are generally described. Initial information to be transmitted with initial transmission characteristics can be received. Spectrum holes can be found in the communication signal spectrum. The initial communication having initial transmission characteristics can be converted into a new communication including the initial information and new transmission characteristics. The new transmission characteristics are different from the initial transmission characteristics, where the new communication can be transmitted at one or more frequencies identified with the spectrum holes.

Abstract: In accordance with various embodiments methods, systems and devices are described for transmitting a communication. The described methods include, but are not limited to, detecting spectrum holes and dividing the communication into first and second portions. The methods may also include transmitting the first portion at a first frequency and the second portion at a second frequency. The first and second frequencies may be different from each other, and the first and second frequencies may be within the spectrum holes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for balancing the distribution of interference between radio cells in a wireless communication system comprising cells in which subcarrier blocks are used for communication. A number of adjacent cells build a cell cluster. Moreover, the present invention relates to a corresponding method adapted for use in a system in which multi beam antennas or multiple antennas are used. Furthermore, the present invention relates to base stations performing the above method as well as a communication system comprising the base stations.

Abstract: In general, this disclosure relates to techniques for quieting data transmission functionality during spectrum sensing operations. In one aspect, a method for spectrum sensing comprises detecting, during at least one time interval, whether any channel of a spectrum is available for use, and refraining, during the at least one time interval, from transmitting any data from a communication device.

Abstract: A transmitter which communicates with a receiver. The transmitter includes a null subcarrier allocation unit which allocates a null subcarrier based on a priority and a signal. The priority is for allocating a null subcarrier to each subcarrier. The priority is a ranking predetermined with the receiver. The signal is allocated to each subcarrier. The transmitter includes a transmission unit which transmits the signal using the subcarrier allocated by the null subcarrier allocation unit as the null subcarrier to the receiver.

Abstract: A wireless Ad Hoc network including: a first terminal adapted to scan wireless resources in the network, to set quality information of each wireless resource in accordance with a state of each wireless resource, and to transmit a frame transmission request message containing quality identification information of each wireless resource in accordance with the quality information; and a second terminal adapted to select a wireless resource having a highest quality in accordance with the quality identification information of each wireless resource received from the first terminal and the quality information of each scanned wireless resource, and to transmit a frame transmission response message containing information on the selected wireless resource to the first terminal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for selecting one of a plurality of multi-band access points (APs) to associate with a multi-band wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are disclosed. The multi-band APs broadcast frequency band information regarding multiple frequency bands on which the multi-band AP is configured to operate. The multi-band WTRU selects a particular multi-band AP to associate with and a frequency band to use to communicate with the selected multi-band AP based on the frequency band information. If the multi-band WTRU receives frequency band information from the selected multi-band AP which indicates that a characteristic, (e.g., throughput, path loss, load, capacity, backhaul), of the selected frequency band is unacceptable, the multi-band WTRU determines whether to disassociate with the selected multi-band AP or to continue to associate with the selected multi-band AP via a different frequency band.

Abstract: A method for multi-radio coexistence receives historical frequency usage information and historical time usage information from a first radio. The method creates a time and frequency mask by extrapolating the historical frequency and time usage information to future times and frequencies when the first radio will be active and uses the time and frequency mask to schedule a second radio to avoid receiving when the first radio will likely be active. A related apparatus has a collocated radio input for receiving timing usage information, a non-collocated radio input for receiving frequency usage information, and a time and frequency mask generator for creating a time and frequency mask using the timing usage information and the frequency usage information. The method and apparatus predicts collocated and non-collocated radio activity in both the time and frequency dimensions to reduce interference among radios operating in overlapping or adjacent frequency bands.

Abstract: A radio transmitter select its operating frequency based on the frequency characteristics of a collocated receiver and clock harmonics.

Abstract: A wireless communication terminal apparatus and a CQI selecting method wherein when CQIs are grouped according to their levels and then an upper-order CQI, which is indicative of a group, is to be informed in a longer period, while a lower-order CQI, which identifies a CQI in the group, being to be informed in a shorter period, the CQI is precisely selected. A reception SIR range of 0-4 dB in UE corresponds to a level 1 of upper-order CQI. A next reception SIR range of 4-8 dB corresponds to a level 2 of upper-order CQI. Similarly, the following SIR ranges up to 24 dB, each of which is 4 dB higher than a respective previous one, correspond to the respective following levels of upper-order CQI. On the other hand, the levels 1-4 of lower-order CQI, with which the level 1 of upper-order CQI is associated, correspond to a SIR range of ?1-5 dB. The levels 1-4 of lower-order CQI, with which the level 2 of upper-order CQI is associated, correspond to a SIR range of 2-9 dB.

Abstract: Disclosed is a frequency scouting circuit with an adjustable frequency synthesizer. The scouting circuit may be collocated with other radio frequency integrated circuits on the same die. The synthesizer may include a dedicated oscillator, and the synthesizer may be adapted to generate a mixing signal at a given frequency. A channel monitoring circuit block may be adapted to determine availability of a carrier frequency corresponding to the mixing signal frequency, and control logic may be adapted to select the given frequency from a set of possible transmission carrier frequencies for a functionally associated transmitter.

Abstract: Functionality is described by selecting a channel in an environment in which non-privileged entities have subordinate access rights to spectrum compared to privileged entities. The functionality operates by identifying spectrum that is available to all nodes involved in communication (where the nodes are associated with non-privileged entities). The functionality then generates a suitability assessment for each candidate channel within the available spectrum. The functionality selects a channel having the most desirable suitability assessment. The functionality can form a suitability assessment for a candidate channel of arbitrary width, e.g., by combining suitability assessments associated with constituent spectrum units within the candidate channel.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit, a signal processing method and a recording medium suppressing occurrence of unnecessary waves are provided. A timing generation means which generates timing to select a signal of a predetermined local frequency in a set time period and not to select any signal of all local frequencies in a different set time period, and a plurality of switches which switch over a signal of the local frequency from each multiband generator to the transmission mixer by an instruction from the timing generation means are included.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for dynamic frequency selection based on spectrum etiquette. In one example, the method includes identifying multiple frequencies usable by a central subdivision in a wireless communication system that are not in use by neighboring subdivisions. The method may determine whether the frequencies include a frequency that cannot be used by the neighboring subdivisions and, if the frequency exists, may select the frequency for use by the central subdivision. If such a frequency does not exist, the method may identify a frequency that can be used by fewer of the neighboring subdivisions than other frequencies and select the identified frequency for use by the central subdivision.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wireless transmitting and receiving module including a radiofrequency module filtering and amplifying the wireless signals received, a high intermediate frequency module transposing the wireless signals received to a high intermediate frequency, the transpositions being carried out by mixing of the wireless signals with signals of known frequency generated by local oscillator modules, and a low intermediate frequency module transposing the wireless signals received to a low intermediate frequency. In particular, the invention applies to the radiocommunication software modules that can receive and/or transmit on the broad band, that is to say in a frequency range from 30 MHz to 3 GHz.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for improved frequency agility and preferably includes transmitting and receiving data on a primary channel; finding a secondary channel substantially free from interference during a period between data transmissions on the primary channel; and transmitting and receiving data on the secondary channel when an unacceptable level of interference is detected on the primary channel. In an alternate embodiment, data is preferably transmitted on a primary and a secondary channel during separate periods of a transmission interval. If an unacceptable level of interference is detected on either the primary or secondary channels, then the other channel is used for data transmission during one of the periods while another one of the periods is used to identify a new channel substantially free from interference to replace the bad channel.

Abstract: The present invention allows multi-channel communications equipment to detect and eliminate a false interpretation of interference as a valid signal. The solution is based on the observation that the simultaneous arrival of energy on two independent channels is an impossible event. So, when such an event happens, it is a reliable signature of confusing out-of-band energy for a valid signal.

Abstract: A wireless base station apparatus is provided that is configured to automatically optimize the radiation pattern it uses when installed for operation in a wireless network in order to serve wireless client devices within a coverage area. The wireless base station is configured to determine its geographical location and to evaluate its geographical location based on stored geographical map data that indicates the physical geographical environment surrounding its geographical location. Based on the physical geographical environment surrounding the geographical location, the base station determines a radiation pattern best suited to serve wireless client devices within a coverage area.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus is provided that performs wireless communication using a specified wireless channel and forms part of an ad hoc wireless network. The device includes a recording portion that records country ID information and recording-time information in to a storage medium, where the recording-time information indicates the time at which the country ID information was recorded in to the storage medium, a time determination portion that uses the recording-time information to determine whether a predetermined time period has elapsed from the time at which the country ID information was recorded, and a channel setting portion that, when the predetermined time period has not elapsed from the time at which the country ID information was recorded in the storage medium, sets a wireless channel to a frequency channel that can be used in the country indicated by the country ID information recorded in the storage medium.

Abstract: A method for selecting a frequency band, from among a plurality of frequency bands controllable by a radio network controller (RNC), to carry a data communication. The method may include obtaining frequency band usage measurements for a plurality of frequency bands, and using the frequency band usage measurements to select a particular frequency band of the plurality of frequency bands to carry the data communication. Frequency band usage measurements may be based on how many idle slots (and/or data channels) are carried through each of the plurality of frequency bands during a measurement time period. A comparison of the frequency band usage measurements can be used to determine which frequency band sent the greatest number of idle slots (or the fewest number of data channels). The method provides for selecting a frequency band best suited (e.g., has the most available capacity for carrying a data communication) for carrying the data communication.

Abstract: A system and method for data transmission on wireless discontinuous channels including a control/safety information (CSI) channel having a duty cycle, and a plurality of service channels. The system and method include: evaluating channel utilization of one or more of the channels; calculating an optimal CSI channel duty cycle responsive to the channel utilizations; adjusting the duty cycle of the CSI channel to the calculated optimal CSI channel duty cycle; broadcasting the optimal CSI channel duty cycle; and transmitting data during the optimal CSI channel duty cycle.

Abstract: A method of dynamically allocating RF communication channels to a wireless communication device (102). A plurality of dynamic spectrum allocation (DSA) channels (222, 224) can be identified. The DSA channels can be channels that are available to a non-incumbent user to be used for RF communications. Based on at least one required channel parameter, a DSA channel can be selected as a first channel to allocate to the wireless communication device. At least a second channel can be selected to allocate to the wireless communication device based on a spectral relationship between the first channel and the second channel to ensure that the first and second channels are separated by at least a minimum required frequency separation (216).

Abstract: Systems and methods for communicating over multiple carriers are described herein. Information is communicated in a wireless system over an anchor carrier. An access terminal is provided to communicate over the anchor carrier in a non-compressed mode and concurrently and in parallel search for additional communication devices over another carrier. Further, the access terminal maintains an active set of communication devices to communicate with over the anchor carrier and the other carrier.

Abstract: Provided is a display system for transmitting FM signals to an external audio system having an FM reception function. The display system includes: a tuner for receiving an RF signal and dividing the RF signal into a video signal and an audio signal; an audio processor for receiving the audio signal from the tuner; an FM detector for searching usable channels or unused channels among FM frequency bands of a reception area and transmitting information on the unused channels; a microprocessor for setting at least one of the unused channels as an available channel, the unused channels being provided from the FM detector; a memory for storing the available channel under control of the microprocessor; and an FM transmitter for receiving the audio signal from the audio processor and transmitting the audio signal over at least one channel selected among the channels stored in the memory under control of the microprocessor.

Abstract: Performance of a radio device is optimized by estimating if the device is inside a building. One or more sensors on the radio device are used to measure an environmental quantities relating to the environment of the radio device. The likelihood of the radio device being inside a building is inferred from these measurements. The operation of the radio device then is controlled accordingly. For example, if the radio device is determined to be inside a building, a low operating frequency may be selected for the radio device if a wide area network connection is required, while a high operating frequency may be selected if a local connection is required. An environmental quantity may be, for example, a satellite signal, ambient light, temperature, RF energy, or the response to a test signal emitted by the radio device.

Abstract: Assigning CDMA channel codes in a multiple beam zone sector such that they may be reused within the same sector. In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes configuring directional antennas in a cell sector to provide multiple beam zones in a cell sector and assigning channel codes for use within the beam zones such that each channel code is assigned for use in only one beam zone of any set of three consecutive beam zones in the cell sector. This effectively reduces the inter-user interference by ensuring at least two intervening beam zones are located between zones that are using the same channel codes. The channel codes may be Walsh codes or quasi-orthogonal functions (QOFs).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for searching for modes and frequencies. The method includes: obtaining signal energy of all frequency grids within a frequency range; obtaining energy of each mode on a smallest bandwidth according to the signal energy of the grids; sorting the energy on the smallest bandwidths of all modes; and accessing a specified number of frequencies and modes of the highest energy in the sorting result. With the present invention, energy on the smallest bandwidths of all modes at a frequency band is obtained and sorted and then an access mode is determined according to the sorting result. Thus the access mode to use for a specified frequency can be quickly determined so as to improve the access success rate of a terminal in the subsequent access process.

Abstract: Disclosed a method for efficiently performing a frequency shift when a User Equipment (UE) intends to receive at least one service through at least one preferred frequency in a system for providing a Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) service. The method comprises the steps of inserting information for a preferred frequency of a service into a message and transmitting the message to the UE, the service being indicated by the message, the message reporting a start of the service which the UE has joined, receiving a response message including request information representing the indicated service or at least one different service, which has been selected by the UE, and determining if the UE is to perform hard handover to the preferred frequency according to the request information.

Abstract: Present embodiments provide methods and systems for identifying quiet and/or under utilized segments of the radio spectrum and assigning the identified spectrum to non-primary license holders. The methods and systems may include spectrum management nodes for monitoring frequency bands of the radio spectrum for transmission by a primary user. When a primary user is not transmitting, segments of the quiet spectrum may be assigned to a non-primary user.

Abstract: A method of operating a communication system is disclosed. A location associated with a first wireless device is received. For a first frequency band, a first stored signal quality indicator associated with the location is received. For a second frequency band, a second stored signal quality indicator associated with the location is received. Based on the first stored signal quality indicator and the second stored signal quality indicator, the first frequency band is selected.

Abstract: A method for arbitrating use of wireless medium for transmission of wireless signals within a selected local geographic region. The selected local geographic region comprises a first set of a plurality of devices to be allowed to transmit wireless signals and a second set of one or more devices to be substantially restricted from transmitting wireless signals. The method includes providing identity information associated with the first set of wireless devices. The method includes transmitting over a wireless medium at least one packet for each of the wireless devices in the first set. The at least one packet for each of the wireless devices includes an identity information, including an address, associated with that wireless device. That wireless device is a recipient of the one packet on the wireless medium. The at least one packet also has a selected value in a duration field of at least the one packet.

Abstract: A method for receiving data in a mobile terminal and the apparatus thereof according to the present invention can reduce the areas incapable of data reception by allowing a user's mobile terminal to receive data from a first mobile terminal with a good data reception state that receives data from a base station, rather than the user's mobile terminal directly receiving data from the base station. The user's mobile terminal receives the received data from the first mobile terminal having the good reception state by a wireless communication method.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods implementing techniques for calibrating a filter circuit. A comparator generates an output based on a filter output amplitude signal and a reference amplitude signal. A calibration logic unit receives the comparator output and produces a component code that is used by the filter circuit to adjust one or more component values.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for spectrum access of secondary users in a cognitive radio system are provided. The method includes: estimating parameters of a primary channel according to the Markov model used by the primary channel; selecting a primary channel that has the largest available bandwidth according to the estimated channel parameters when multiple primary channels exist; detecting the selected primary channel; and accessing the primary channel to transmit data when the channel is idle. Therefore, an optimum primary channel can be selected from multiple primary channels by estimating channel parameters to satisfy high data transmission requirements and improve system performance.

Abstract: Methods and systems for dynamic spectrum access (DSA) in a wireless network are provided. A DSA-enabled device may sense spectrum use in a region and, based on the detected spectrum use, select one or more communication channels for use. The devices also may detect one or more other DSA-enabled devices with which they can form DSA networks. A DSA network may monitor spectrum use by cooperative and non-cooperative devices, to dynamically select one or more channels to use for communication while avoiding or reducing interference with other devices.

Abstract: A remote communications node unit (86) determines radio frequency (RF) dynamic spectrum utilization for use in a RF communications network (154) and includes a measuring module (46) for measuring radio frequency (RF) interference at a location of the communications node unit (86). A processing module (62) receives RF measurement data from the measuring module (46) for determining RF interference in a local environment of the remote communications node (86) based upon selected factors of the type including mission priority parameters, channel availability statistics, link dynamic information, and the waveform dependent susceptibility data. The processing module (62) controls communications frequency and characteristics used by the remote communications module (86) for exchange of information with other remote communications nodes (86).

Abstract: Some embodiments concern a method of transmitting electrical signals. The method can include: using a global positioning satellite receiver to determine a first location of a first electrical device; using a first transmitter to transmit the first location to a first server; using a receiver to receive information identifying at least one first unused frequency at the first location from the first server; selecting a first transmission frequency from the at least one first unused frequency; and communicating the first transmission frequency to a user. Other embodiments are disclosed in this application.

Abstract: A method and a system for scanning frequencies in an electronic device include storing one or more frequencies, performing a scan based on the stored frequencies for a predetermined time interval, and establishing a connection based on the scan. The system includes an acquisition database for scanning frequencies in an electronic device, a timer module for setting a predetermined time interval as the scanning interval, and a frequency identification module for identifying one or more frequencies of a normal scan and a limited scan.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include a system and method of dynamic space-frequency-division multiple-access for the uplink from terminals to a base-station. The system includes a base-station and multiple terminals. According to different spatial mapping modes, the base-station performs an optimization computation using an optimization function in order to obtain control information for controlling terminals; after receiving the control information, the user terminal controls the transmitting mode using this control information. The method includes the following operations: at the base-station, performing an optimization computation using an optimization function according to different spatial mapping modes respectively, in order to obtain control information for controlling terminals; at the user terminal, controlling a transmitting mode using the control information after receiving the above control information.

Abstract: Methods and systems for dynamic spectrum access (DSA) in a wireless network are provided. A DSA-enabled device may sense spectrum use in a region and, based on the detected spectrum use, select one or more communication channels for use. The devices also may detect one or more other DSA-enabled devices with which they can form DSA networks. A DSA network may monitor spectrum use by cooperative and non-cooperative devices, to dynamically select one or more channels to use for communication while avoiding or reducing interference with other devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for device discovery and channel selection in a wireless networking environment are described. As part of an automatic network configuration process, a super node sequentially traverses the available channels, broadcasting discovery messages including the channel switching schedule. Wireless nodes that receive those broadcast messages switch channels in lock step with the super node, sending discovery replies on those channels over which the broadcast discovery messages are successfully received. An association is generated identifying accessible nodes and the channels through which those nodes may be accessed. An optimum channel may then be selected based on this association information. Sub-nodes may repeat the broadcast discovery messages, and relay any discovery replies to the super node. The super node may then identify sub-nodes that may be used as proxies to access nodes that would otherwise be inaccessible.

Abstract: In a data reading apparatus performing contactless data communications with IC tags, a multi channel setting section sets a plurality of frequencies to be used for data communication with an IC tag in advance; a multi channel interference detecting section detects radio interference from other data reader in each of the set plurality of frequencies, prior to occurrence of a data communication request with an IC tag; a carrier sense lapse time holding section holds a period of no interference based on an interference detection result from the multi channel interference detecting section; a time comparing section determines whether the carrier sense lapse time held by the carrier sense lapse time holding section is on or above a predetermined carrier sense time upon occurrence of the data communication request with the IC tag, and permits the data communication with the IC tag when the carrier sense lapse time is on or above the carrier sense time; a transmitting section transmits data to the IC tag; and hence

Abstract: A cognitive radio wireless device (114) dynamically manages signal detection in a cognitive radio system (100). Spectrum sensing is performed for a first sensing frame on at least one communication channel. At least one observed signal is received (204) on the at least one communication channel. A detection decision (210) is performed to determine if the observed signal is noise or an active signal associated with an active user. The detection decision (210) is performed by comparing observed signal energy estimation with a current detection threshold. The current detection threshold can be an arbitrarily defined threshold or a detection threshold based on a previous detection decision for a sensing frame immediately prior to the first sensing frame.

Abstract: Systems and methods for selecting a ground station for air-ground communications are disclosed. In an embodiment, a system includes a communications device operable to maintain bi-directional communications between an aircraft and a selected ground station, and a communications processor coupled to the device that is configured to select the ground station by executing a logical rule that is based upon a signal strength value of the ground station and at least one of an aircraft altitude and an occupancy value of the frequency channel.

Abstract: When the communication channel is to be changed, a more optimal communication channel is determined by summing up the results of measuring communication states transmitted from individual wireless terminals A, B, and C and making a collective judgment. Weighting coefficients are set to the individual wireless terminals A, B, and C. Values indicating whether or not the respective communication states of the individual wireless terminals are optimal with channels ch1 to ch4 to be used for communication (which are, e.g., 1, 0, 1, 2 with the respective channels ch1, ch2, ch3, and ch4 for the wireless terminal A and larger as the communication states are less optimal) are multiplied by the weight coefficient (the value of 3). The resulting values are summed up on a per-channel basis and the most optimal communication channel (of which the summed value is lowest) is selected. As a result, wave interference with the other wireless terminal is reduced.

Abstract: A booster capable of preventing itself from adversely influencing a base station. This booster comprises a plurality of downstream signal amplifying parts (111-1 to 111-4) and a plurality of upstream signal amplifying parts (112-1 to 112-4). A received signal analyzing part (116) analyzes the perch channel information of a signal received from a base station to generate analysis information. When the analysis information shows that the reception quality of the received signal is below a threshold value, halt control parts (118,124) halts the operations of those ones of the downstream signal amplifying parts (111-1 to 111-4) and upstream signal amplifying parts (112-1 to 112-4) that are related to that analysis information.

Abstract: A bank of correlator modules is used to concurrently execute a series of sync channel searches in a system in which the available frequency spectrum is larger than a channel bandwidth and in which a sync channel bandwidth is more narrow than the channel bandwidth.

Abstract: Described is a system and method for assigning a frequency to an access point in a wireless network comprising a plurality of access points. The system and method includes accessing a rule-base to obtain a set of rules for the wireless network, accessing a license database to obtain information about relevant wireless nodes in a region, creating a list of possible primary node frequencies from a list of frequencies associated with primary wireless nodes in the license database, creating a list of possible secondary node frequencies from a list of frequencies associated with secondary wireless nodes in the license database, identifying a list of clear frequencies from a set of unused frequencies, selecting a frequency from frequencies in the lists of possible primary node frequencies, possible secondary node frequencies, and clear frequencies and registering the frequency in the license database.

Abstract: Provided is a method for providing a service, and a method and an apparatus for allocating a resource in a wireless communication system. Services to be provided to users are divided into one of primary and secondary services based on priority in terms of frequency utilization. A service is provided using frequency channel remaining after being used in the primary service in a time zone when frequency utilization rate of the primary service is a threshold value or less. Accordingly, when service data corresponding to the secondary service are received, a user terminal stores the service data in a storage unit. Then, when the user requests provision of the corresponding service, the user terminal provides the stored service data to the user.

Abstract: An unoccupied frequency band (W) is detected in a telecommunications network by obtaining first values relating to a signal received (r(n)) for respective corresponding times, in this frequency band. Next, a compound signal is obtained in the form of vectors (Yn) respectively associated with these first values, each vector having M components resulting respectively from the products of the first value associated with said vector and M second values relating to the signal received respectively for M offset times (ti) shifted with respect to the time corresponding to said first value, M being a greater integer. Next, at least one first and one second energy vector (EL, EH) are determined, each containing M components corresponding respectively to energy values of the compound signal for the M offset times, respectively on a first frequency band and on a second frequency band, which are situated either side of a reference frequency.