Abstract: A sector-splitting base station antenna includes a plurality of RF ports, a plurality of columns of radiating elements, a first beamforming network that is coupled between a first subset of the RF ports and a first antenna array that comprises a first subset of the columns of radiating elements, and a second beamforming network that is coupled between a second subset of the RF ports and a second antenna array that comprises a second subset of the columns of radiating elements. The first beamforming network and the first antenna array are configured to generate a first plurality of antenna beams that provide coverage to a first side of a sector of a cell of a cellular communications system but not to a second side of the sector, and the second beamforming network and the second antenna array are configured to generate a second plurality of antenna beams that provide coverage to the second side of the sector but not to the first side of the sector.

Abstract: A communication method and system for converging a 5th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IOT) are described. Embodiments may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. Described aspects include a method of performing a random access procedure for a connected mode handover by a User Equipment (UE). The method includes transmitting a measurement report associated with a target gNB to a source gNB, wherein the UE performs measurement of the target gNB for one of SS blocks and Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) as indicated to the UE by the source gNB.

Abstract: Interference management in calibration of a pre-distorter for a power amplifier of a user device. The method includes measuring strength of signals received via beams of one or more antenna arrays of a user equipment; ordering the beams on the basis of the measurement strengths; selecting from the ordered beams at least one beam for calibration of a pre-distorter for a power amplifier of the user equipment; obtaining information of available measurement resources for the calibration; transmitting a calibration signal using the selected beam at the time of the available measurement resources; receiving the calibration signal by another radio frequency chain of the antenna array which is not used in the transmission of the calibration signal; obtaining calibration information on the basis of the transmitted calibration signal and the received calibration signal; and calibrating the pre-distorter based on the calibration information.

Abstract: A transportation vehicle, an apparatus, a method, and a computer program for a transportation vehicle in a mobile communication system. The method for a first transportation vehicle in a mobile communication system for controlling a radio link to a second transportation vehicle includes setting up a radio link to the second transportation vehicle, determining information related to relative movement between an antenna of the first transportation vehicle and an antenna of the second transportation vehicle based on sensor data of the first transportation vehicle, and adjusting a beam pattern of the antenna of the first transportation vehicle based on the information related to relative movement to control the radio link.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive a downlink message which may include an indication of a precoder applied to one or more downlink signals. The UE may receive the one or more downlink signals using a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and the precoder, where the one or more downlink signals may be mismatched in gain and phase. The UE may perform an iterative channel estimation procedure to estimate the downlink channel. The UE may then perform a gain and phase mismatch equalization procedure to equalize an estimated gain and phase mismatch of the one or more downlink signals based on the estimated downlink channel and the precoder. The UE may then receive one or more equalized downlink signals in accordance with the gain and phase mismatch equalization procedure.

Abstract: A moving state reporting method includes communicating, by a terminal, with a network device using a beam to carry a signal reporting, by the terminal, moving state information of the terminal to the network device, where the moving state information includes a speed flag, and the speed flag indicates that a speed of the terminal exceeds a speed threshold, and receiving, by the terminal, beam management information from the network device.

Abstract: A child node in a wireless multi-hop network may receive a configuration for transmission of an uplink reference signal for a handover procedure; transmit the uplink reference signal according to the configuration; and receive a handover command or monitor for a downlink reference signal for the handover procedure based at least in part on transmitting the uplink reference signal.

Abstract: A method and system for reporting multi-beam channel state information, CSI, in a wireless device are disclosed. According to one aspect, the method includes providing an indication of a plurality of beam index pairs, (lk, mk), in the UCI in a first transmission, each beam index pair corresponding to a beam k. The method also includes providing an indication of at least one of a beam power, a beam rotation and a channel quality index, CQI, in the UCI in a second transmission. The method also includes transmitting at least one of the indication of beam index pairs, beam power, beam rotation and CQI.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to receive an identifier of a beam. The WTRU is configured to measure a downlink quality associated with at least one beam. The WTRU is configured to determine whether the measured downlink quality is below a threshold value. The WTRU is configured to receive at least one control channel transmission using the beam of the identifier in response to a determination that the measured downlink quality is below the threshold value, wherein the beam used to receive the at least one control channel transmission is a same beam used to receive an associated data channel transmission.

Abstract: An antenna calibration system for a phased array antenna in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure generally includes: a beamformer lattice including at least first and second beamformers, each corresponding to a subset of antenna cells, and each including a calibration section for comparing a reference signal to a non-reference signal; and a first operating antenna within the subset of antenna cells corresponding with the first beamformer, wherein the first operating antenna is configured to deliver a first reference signal (mTx) from the first beamformer to be received by a second operating antenna for comparison with a first non-reference signal (Rx) in the first beamformer or in the second beamformer, and/or wherein the first operating antenna is configured to deliver a second non-reference signal (Tx) from a third operating antenna for comparison with a second reference signal (mRx) in the first beamformer or in the second beamformer.

Abstract: Systems and methods for point to multipoint communications are provided. In one example, a system includes one or more modal antennas. Each modal antenna is configured to operate in a plurality of modes. The system can include a transceiver configured to communicate with a plurality of client devices over a wireless communication medium via the one or more modal antennas over a plurality of frames. The system can include one or more control devices configured to control the operation of the one or more modal antennas. For each of the plurality of frames communicated to one of the plurality of client devices, the one or more control devices are configured to determine a selected mode of the plurality of modes to communicate during the frame and to operate at least one of the one or more modal antennas in the selected mode during the frame.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an apparatus includes a transmit section including a first baseband section and a first radio frequency (RF) section, wherein the transmit section is configured to receive a calibration signal, the first RF section is configured to generate a RF calibration signal based on modulating the calibration signal. The calibration signal comprises an orthogonal code based signal; and a receive section configured to receive the RF calibration signal over-the-air, the receive section includes a second RF section and a calibration section, the second RF section is configured to generate a received calibration signal based on the RF calibration signal, the received calibration signal and a reference signal associated with the RF calibration signal comprise inputs to the calibration section and the calibration section is configured to determine one or more of gain, baseband delay, or RF delay compensation values, based on the inputs, to calibrate the transmit section.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a wireless transmission device and a wireless reception device. The wireless reception device includes: a plurality of reception antennas; and a processor connected to the reception antennas. The processor executes a process including: selecting transmission beam candidates or reception beam candidates based on a reception power of a signal transmitted by using transmission beams of a first array or of a signal received by using reception beams of the first array, the first array setting a delay difference between a plurality of antennas; and determining a beam pattern of a transmission beam and a reception beam based on a reception power of a signal transmitted by using transmission beam candidates formed by a second array or of a signal received by using reception beam candidates formed by the second array, the second array setting a phase difference between a plurality of antennas.

Abstract: Described embodiments provide devices and methods for directing portions of signals to reduce power consumption. A wearable device may comprise N antennas configured to wirelessly receive and/or transmit incoming and/or outgoing signals. The N antennas may be spatially disposed on the device to enable at least one of the N antennas to be clear from blockage by a body part of a user when the device is maintained or worn against the body part, wherein N is an integer value greater than or equal to 2. The wearable device may comprise N receive chains coupled to the N antennas via transmit-receive couplers, the N receive chains configured to process the incoming signals. The wearable device may comprise a transmit chain configured to generate the outgoing signals. The wearable device may comprise a RF controller circuitry configured to direct portions of the generated outgoing signals via the transmit-receive couplers to the N antennas.

Abstract: A method of transmitting and receiving a signal by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is disclosure. The method includes receiving information related to beam switching from a base station (BS), generating at least one transmission beam pattern based on the information related to the beam switching, transmitting a reference signal by using the at least one transmission beam pattern, measuring a self-interference signal based on the reference signal, transmitting information about the measured self-interference signal to the BS, and receiving beam pattern information based on the measured self-interference signal from the BS. The beam pattern information indicates a beam pattern determined by the BS, and the information related to the beam switching includes information about one of whether beam switching is requested, a beam switching interval, and the number of beam switching candidates.

Abstract: A self-diagnosis device of a radar system or a phased-array antenna module including a general-purpose multi-channel IC and a transmission phase shifter IC having a plurality of transmission output terminals and reception terminals is configured to perform a self-diagnosis of the transmission phase shifter by utilizing a signal that is generatable by the general-purpose multi-channel IC, which is enabled by a built-in self-test circuit that (A) generates a self-diagnosis monitor signal converted into a low frequency band, which is a mixture of (i) a self-diagnosis signal generated from (a) a third output signal and a fourth output signal output in sync from same PLL with (b) a first output signal to be supplied to a reception frequency converter of the general-purpose multi-channel IC, and (ii) a composite signal of the transmission channel, and (B) analyzes a phase of the self-diagnosis monitor signal.

Abstract: A base station 200 provided around a road including: a receiver 213 configured to receive a first communication signal broadcasted from a mobile station installed on a vehicle, a controller 230 configured to calculate antenna weight forming a beam to the mobile station based on the received first communication signal, and a transmitter 214 configured to transmit a second communication signal to the mobile station by a transmission beamforming, by using the calculated antenna weight.

Abstract: A wireless device receives one or more radio resource control messages from a base station. The one or more radio resource control messages comprising configuration parameters of a cell for beam failure recovery. The configuration parameters indicate: a serving beam set, a plurality of candidate beam sets, and a monitoring priority of the plurality of candidate beam sets. A beam failure instance of the serving beam set is detected. In response to the detection, a first candidate beam set of the plurality of candidate beam sets is determined based on the monitoring priority. A candidate beam is selected from the first candidate beam set. A preamble associated with the candidate beam for the beam failure recovery is transmitted.

Abstract: An antenna calibration system for a phased array antenna in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure generally includes: a beamformer lattice including at least first and second beamformers, each corresponding to a subset of antenna cells, and each including a calibration section for comparing a reference signal to a non-reference signal; and a calibration antenna within the subset of antenna cells corresponding with the first beamformer, wherein the calibration antenna is configured to deliver a first reference signal (mTx) from the first beamformer to be received by a first operating antenna for comparison with a first non-reference signal (Rx) in the first beamformer or in the second beamfomer, and/or wherein the calibration antenna is configured to deliver a second non-reference signal (Tx) from a second operating antenna for comparison with a second reference signal (mRx) in the first beamformer or in the second beamformer.

Abstract: A method of operating a network node comprises receiving, from a communication device, a beamforming capability of the communication device; and determining configuration information for one or more beams based on the beamforming capability; and transmitting, to the communication device, the configuration information for one or more beams; and communicating at least one pilot signal on the one or more beams and in accordance with the configuration information.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support beam preference feedback for data transmissions. Generally, the described techniques provide for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), that may perform a measurement of one or more reference signals from a base station. The UE may transmit to the base station an indication of a beam preference for communicating with the base station based on the measurement of the one or more reference signals. The UE may receive, based on the indication of the beam preference, downlink control information from the base station, the downlink control information including an indication of a beam for a data transmission. The UE may perform or receive the data transmission using the indicated beam.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to illustrate an in-vehicle communication system having wireless extension devices, such as an active repeater or an edge reflectarray device. The wireless extension devices operate in coordination to redirect signals within a vehicle.

Abstract: Radio base station 10 in a radio communication system that performs MIMO transmission between a plurality of radio base stations and at least one user terminal 20 includes: precoding section 110 that applies precoding to data signals based on channel information indicating channels between radio base stations 10 and the user terminal; and communication section 112 that transmits the precoded data signals, in which the precoding in a first radio base station of the plurality of radio base stations is applied based on the channel information including at least a channel between the first radio base station and a first user terminal connected to a second radio base station other than the first radio base station.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an apparatus included in a communications system includes a transmit section including a first baseband section and a first radio frequency (RF) section, wherein the transmit section is configured to receive a calibration signal, the first RF section is configured to generate a RF calibration signal based on the calibration signal, and wherein the calibration signal comprises an orthogonal code based signal; and a receive section configured to receive the RF calibration signal over-the-air, wherein the receive section includes a second RF section and a calibration section, wherein the second RF section is configured to generate a received calibration signal based on the RF calibration signal, and wherein the calibration section is configured to determine one or more of gain, baseband delay, or RF delay compensation values, based on the inputs, to calibrate the transmit section.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided The electronic device includes a patch antenna element, at least one antenna including a first feeding unit electrically connected to the patch antenna element and a second feeding unit electrically connected to the patch antenna element so as to have a designated isolation for a signal that is input to the first feeding unit, a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) which includes a first communication circuit including a first transmission circuit and a first reception circuit which are electrically connected to the first feeding unit, and a second communication circuit including a second transmission circuit and a second reception circuit which are electrically connected to the second feeding unit, and a processor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for arranging a beam in a wireless communication system are provided. An electronic device includes a memory storing codebook information, a communication module operatively connected with the memory, and a processor operatively connected with the communication module and the memory. The processor is set to provide a first beam and a first beam set including beams surrounding the first beam on the basis of the codebook information, where centers of regions covered by the beams included in the first beam set substantially form an equilateral hexagon, and transceiver data by using the first beam and the first beam set.

Abstract: A transmission method for communication by a transmission apparatus of a wireless communication system performing wireless communication in a beamforming scheme is disclosed. The method may include assigning identifiers to all transmission beam directions in which transmission is possible and transmitting a reference signal with a beam identifier assigned in each direction, when identifier information of a beam direction, which allows reception from a reception apparatus, and error detection information are received, examining the error detection information to examine whether an error exists, and transmitting a response signal to the reception apparatus according to whether the examined error exists, and transmitting and receiving data on the basis of the received beam information when the error does not exist, as a result of the examination of the error detection information.

Abstract: A method includes generating a preamble for a protocol version of a wireless local area network, where the preamble includes a legacy signal L-SIG field and a high efficiency signal HE-SIG field that are arranged in order, the HE-SIG field includes a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol and a second OFDM symbol that are arranged in order, and an input information bit of the first OFDM symbol is the same as that of the second OFDM symbol, and sending the preamble to a receive end device, so that the receive end device restores the preamble, and when determining that input information bits obtained after restoring the first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM symbol are the same, determines that the preamble is the preamble of the protocol version.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). An apparatus of a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes at least one transceiver and at least one processor operatively coupled to the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to control the transceiver to communicate through a cell determined based on information regarding a strength of a received signal for a first cell and a path diversity (PD) for the first cell. The PD comprises information regarding paths associated with the first cell.

Abstract: An antenna system is described. A main antenna may be configured to receive a first signal, and a first auxiliary antenna may be configured to receive a second signal from a first expected interference direction. An adjustment unit receives the second signal and is configured to adjust the second signal. A combiner unit receives the first signal and the adjusted second signal and is configured to combine the adjusted second signal with the first signal to reduce any contribution of the second signal to the first signal.

Abstract: A wireless receiver measures a reception parameter while scanning multiple pieces of reception directivity for an interval during which a signal is not transmitted from a wireless transmitter. The wireless transmitter transmits a signal while scanning multiple pieces of transmission directivity, and the wireless receives measures a reception parameter relating to reception of the signal and determines k pieces of transmission directivity that correspond to high-ranking k results, respectively, of the measurement that have a great reception parameter. The wireless transmitter forms any transmission directivity and transmits a signal, and the wireless receives measures a reception parameter while scanning M pieces of reception directivity and determines reception directivity that is to be used for data communication.

Abstract: Wireless directional communication is performed in the millimeter wave (mmW) band by nodes in a wireless mesh network. Beacon frames are configured to incorporate an activity indicator that signals active and inactive communication directions on the mmW, with a flag for each respective direction of communication (transmit or receive). The activity indicator is utilized to enhance route and beam selection so as to obtain connections subject to less interference, and/or that create less interference to other stations. The activity indicator is also, or alternately, utilized for improving selections of a connection to an access point (AP) or station (STA) or mesh station (MSTA), toward reducing interference, or selecting which beam from a given AP, STA, or MSTA is to be utilized. Distributed interference and resource coordination can be initiated, and/or rerouting determined, based on the activity indicator.

Abstract: Provided are a wireless communication method and device. A feedback method for feeding back the signal quality of multiple transmitting beams of a network device by means of a terminal device can be improved, so that the communication performance of the terminal device can be improved. The method comprises: a terminal device determining a first feedback mode for feeding back the signal quality of multiple transmitting beams of a network device, wherein the first feedback mode differs from the other feedback modes supported by the terminal device in at least one of the following aspects: receiving the capability of receiving beams or receiving beam groups for signal quality feedback, and the number of receiving beams or receiving beam groups for signal quality feedback; and the terminal device feeding back the signal quality to the network device according to the first feedback mode.

Abstract: The apparatus is configured to performing a beam scan operation. The beam scan operation may be part of an active beam scanning process. The apparatus is also configured to deactivate the beam scan process upon determining that the apparatus is in a first state corresponding to at least one of a first set of conditional states. The apparatus is configured to determine a state change of the apparatus. Additionally, the apparatus is configured to activating the beam scanning process upon determining that the apparatus is in a second state corresponding to at least one of a second set of conditional states different from the first set of states. The apparatus is also configured to performing the beam scan operation upon activating the beam scanning process.

Abstract: A signal transmission method and an apparatus are disclosed. In an embodiment a signal transmission method includes generating a reference signal and sending the reference signal, wherein the reference signal is sent in a specific time-frequency resource, and the specific time-frequency resource is located on symbols corresponding to a synchronization signal block.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture (e.g., physical storage media) to facilitate flight plan implementation, generation, and management are disclosed. An example method includes receiving flight plan information including a flight route and a listing of base stations, connecting to a first base station on the listing, determining a first transition point between the first base station and a second base station on the listing based on the flight route, determining whether the first transition point has been reached, maintaining the connection with the first base station when the first transition point has not been reached, transitioning the connection from the first base station to the second base station when the first transition point has been reached, and/or dropping signals received from base stations not on the listing.

Abstract: Methods and systems for mitigating the impact of beamforming on the accuracy of Wi-Fi based location tracking of client devices. An embodiment takes the form of a process that includes (a) obtaining a plurality of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values respectively associated with frames in a plurality of frames that were (i) received by various access points in a plurality of access points and (ii) transmitted by a client device that is connected to a first access point in the plurality of access points; (b) segmenting the access points in the plurality of access points into (i) a beamforming-path set of one or more access points and (ii) a non-beamforming-path set of one or more access points; (c) identifying a location-determination subset of the obtained RSSI values; and (d) determining a location of the client device using the identified location-determination subset of the obtained RSSI values.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 5th-generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system provided for supporting higher data transmission rates than 4th-generation (4G) communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). The present invention relates to a method in which an access point (AP) operates a full-duplex scheme in a communication system supporting a beam-forming scheme, the method comprising the steps of: generating a magnetic interference intensity table according to transmitted beam patterns and received beam patterns; determining, by the AP, a transmitted beam pattern and a received beam pattern for all stations (STAs) on the basis of channel measurement feedback information received from the stations, which provide service, and the electromagnetic-interference intensity table; and performing a communication operation with each of the stations on the basis of the determined transmitted beam pattern and received beam pattern.

Abstract: A wireless control apparatus controls beamforming performed by a wireless base station apparatus that provides a communication service to a service area which includes a plurality of spots to be irradiated with a beam including a terminal search beam and a communication beam that are not used simultaneously for irradiation, and is irradiated with a plurality of the beams and is not simultaneously covered by the plurality of beams, and the apparatus includes: an arrival direction estimation unit that estimates an arrival direction of a wireless signal transmitted by a terminal communicating with a wireless base station; and a control unit that determines whether there is an active terminal in the spots on the basis of the arrival direction estimated by the arrival direction estimation unit, and, when it is determined that there is no active terminal, controls beamforming performed by the wireless base station apparatus to decrease a frequency of the terminal search beam with which one or more of the spots dete

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for distortion redirection in phased arrays. In an electronic device configured for transmission and reception of signals and having a two-dimensional phased array, effects of distortion, corresponding to at least one processing function applied during communication of signals, on the communication of signals may be assessed, and based on the effects of distortion, one or more adjustments for mitigating the effects of distortion may be configured and applied during processing of signals. Assessing the effects of distortion may include determining one or more characteristics associated with the communication of the signals, where the one or more characteristics relate and/or are subject to the effects of the distortion, and assessing the effects of distortion based on the one or more characteristics.

Abstract: A communication device has multiple antennas in an antenna array, and applies the same input power to each antenna. A controller of the communication device instructs phase shifters to form a first subarray with a first pair of the antennas and a second subarray with a second pair of the antennas. The controller causes the first subarray to generate a first beam and causes the second subarray to generate a second beam, wherein the first beam combines in phase with the second beam to generate a coarse beam. The coarse beam may have increased beam width while exhibiting decreased peak gain loss.

Abstract: A method of environmental sensing through pilot signals in a spread spectrum wireless communication system is provided with a plurality of wireless terminals. The plurality of wireless terminals includes a plurality of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radars and at least one base station. The plurality of terminals broadcasts a beacon pilot signals containing a terminal-specific information and encoded with a corresponding identifier. Using the corresponding identifier, an arbitrary radar from the plurality of MIMO radars separates the beacon pilot signal from an ambient signal. More specifically, the arbitrary radar compares the ambient signal to the corresponding identifier of each wireless terminal to identify at least one origin terminal. Subsequently, the arbitrary radar extracts the terminal-specific information from the beacon pilot signal of the origin terminal. The terminal-specific information is used to exchange data between the plurality of wireless terminals for autonomous driving.

Abstract: A method performed by a user equipment (UE) is provided. The method includes selecting a first beam for a first frequency band and selecting a second beam for a second frequency band. The method further includes receiving scheduling information (SI) for scheduling at least one of an uplink (UL) transmission from the UE and a downlink (DL) transmission to the UE. The SI includes frequency information identifying a frequency band. The method further includes selecting a beam from a set of beams including the first and second beams. The selection is based on the identified frequency band.

Abstract: Wireless directional communication is performed in the millimeter wave (mmW) band by nodes in a wireless mesh network. Beacon frames are configured to incorporate an activity indicator that signals active and inactive communication directions on the mmW, with a flag for each respective direction of communication (transmit or receive). The activity indicator is utilized to enhance route and beam selection so as to obtain connections subject to less interference, and/or that create less interference to other stations. The activity indicator is also, or alternately, utilized for improving selections of a connection to an access point (AP) or station (STA) or mesh station (MSTA), toward reducing interference, or selecting which beam from a given AP, STA, or MSTA is to be utilized. Distributed interference and resource coordination can be initiated, and/or rerouting determined, based on the activity indicator.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a first wireless communication node (1) comprising at least one antenna arrangement (2), each antenna arrangement (2) having a beam pattern (3) with a certain first coverage (4). The first wireless communication node (1) is arranged to nm a configuration algorithm to optimize the beam pattern (3). The first wireless communication node (1) is also arranged to determine if at least one neighbouring wireless communication node (5, 6; 5?) is arranged to at least partly cover said first coverage (4) such that an at least partial overlap occurs, and to which degree said neighbouring wireless communication node (5, 6; 5?) covers said first coverage (4). The first wireless communication node (1) is furthermore arranged to run the algorithm at a certain pace in dependence of said degree. The present disclosure also relates to a corresponding method.

Abstract: An antenna array structure is described that includes at least two antenna arrays co-located on a common planar array reflector. One of the antenna arrays has a first, central scan range. The other antenna array includes antenna elements that can be controlled to scan regions outside of the first, central scan range.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided, which includes a housing, a first antenna at a first position, a second antenna at a second position, and a wireless communication circuit inside the housing and connected to the first and second antennas and including modem, a source RF circuit connected to modem and generating an IF signal, a first RF circuit at a third position closer to the first position, a second RF circuit at a fourth position closer to the second position, wherein the first and second RF circuits alternately receive a signal from the source RF circuit to transmit a signal through the first and second antennas, a first electrical path between the source RF circuit and the first RF circuit, a second electrical path between the source RF circuit and the second RF circuit, and a third electrical path between the first and second RF circuits, wherein the first RF circuit transmits a first feedback of the transmission signal to the source RF circuit through the third and second electrical paths, and wherein

Abstract: A communication device and a method for determining an information from a second device consisting of setting an initial beamforming pattern, wherein the initial beamforming pattern comprises a beamforming direction and a corresponding beamforming area for each of the plurality of antenna ports, comprising determining a concerned direction interval based on overlapping beamforming areas of adjacent pairs of the plurality of antenna ports; receiving a signal from the second device; measuring a signal gain from the signal on each of the plurality of antenna ports; determining which concerned direction interval the second device occupies based on an antenna port having the highest signal gain and on one of the adjacent pair of antenna ports to the antenna port having the highest signal gain having a higher signal gain; and determining the information from the second device based on the determined concerned direction interval.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and apparatuses configured to direct wireless communication. In some embodiments, a networking apparatus is configured to generate a plurality of sequences of symbols for transmission to plurality of client devices; transmit the plurality of sequences to the plurality of client device via one or more beams focused toward the client devices; receive information regarding the one or more beams from the client devices; and modify at least one of the one or more beams based on the information.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems for beamforming using tunable passive time-delay structures are disclosed. One apparatus includes a node, wherein the node includes a passive time-delay structure, wherein the passive time-delay structure is operative to generate a plurality of delayed signals, wherein each of the plurality of delayed signals is a delayed version of a communication signal, a tunable element, the tunable element operative to introduce a variable delay to the communication signal propagating through the passive time-delay structure, an antenna array, wherein the antenna array generates a beamforming pattern corresponding the passive time-delay structure, and a phase delay adjust control operative to adjust the tunable element of the passive time-delay structure, wherein a direction of the one or more beams of the beamforming pattern changes depending upon tuning of the tunable element.