Abstract: An antenna module includes a multilayer board, a radio frequency (RF) chip, and a active device array. The multilayer board includes an antenna that transmits and receives electromagnetic waves through a top surface of the multilayer board. The RF chip, on a bottom surface of the multilayer board, is connected to the antenna and processes an RF signal. The active device array, on the bottom surface of the multilayer board, includes active devices, a first input pin and a first output pin. The first input pin and the first output pin are respectively connected to electrodes of an active device of the active devices. The multilayer board includes a first pattern for a first signal to be provided from the RF chip to the first input pin, and a second pattern for a second signal to be provided from the first output pin to the RF chip.

Abstract: A method of relay-attack resistant communications in a wireless communications system that includes a master wireless device (Master) sending a synchronization signal to a slave wireless device (Slave). The synchronization signal includes timing information including a common time reference and a timeslot duration for interlocking Master communication timeslots for Master and Slave communication timeslots so that an alternating TX and RX role pattern is provided. The Master analyzes Slave packet data received from the Slave to identify overlaps of a transmission from the Master and the slave packet data, and in a case of detecting overlap, suspends communications from Master to Slave to prevent a relay-attack.

Abstract: The technology of this application relates to a phase-locked loop circuit that includes a phase frequency detector, a first voltage control module, a second voltage control module, a third voltage control module, a voltage-controlled oscillator, and a frequency divider. A first output end of the phase frequency detector is connected to a first input end of the first voltage control module and a first input end of the second voltage control module, a second output end of the phase frequency detector is connected to a second input end of the first voltage control module and a second input end of the second voltage control module, an output end of the first voltage control module.

Abstract: Radio frequency front-end systems with filter reuse. In certain embodiments, a front-end system includes a filter, a low noise amplifier (LNA), and a switch interposed between the filter and an input to the LNA. In a first state of the switch, the filter serves to filter a radio frequency signal that is amplified by the LNA. The front-end system further includes a power amplifier that is coupled to the switch. Additionally, in a second state of the switch, the filter serves to filter an amplified radio frequency transmit signal provided by the power amplifier. Accordingly, a filter along a receive path of the front-end system is reused for transmit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are related to systems and methods for correcting non-linearity due to duty cycle error. In one aspect, a system includes a mixer configured to up-convert transmission (Tx) data, a coefficient calibrator configured to select a target value of a coefficient based on a measurement of an interference signal due to non-linearity of the mixer, and an interference canceller coupled to the coefficient calibrator and the mixer. In some embodiments, the interference canceller is configured to generate compensated Tx data based on the Tx data and the selected target value of the coefficient and provide the compensated Tx data to the mixer. In some embodiments, the compensated Tx data corrects for the non-linearity of the mixer.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) module including a module substrate; a filter with a passband including communication band for TDD; a switch connected to the filter; a power amplifier that is arranged on a first surface of the module substrate and connected to the filter via the switch; a low-noise amplifier that is arranged on a second surface of the module substrate and connected to the filter via the switch; a filter with a passband including communication band; a low-noise amplifier that is arranged on the second surface and connected to the filter; and a conductive member arranged between the low-noise amplifiers on the second surface.

Abstract: A method can include at a combination device, receiving or generating a slot availability mask (SAM) information compatible with a Bluetooth and/or Bluetooth Low Energy (BT) standard; by operation of BT compatible circuits of the combination device, determining a schedule of BT compatible data transfers in response to at least the SAM information; and by operation of circuits compatible with at least one IEEE 802.11 wireless standard (WLAN circuits), determining a schedule of WLAN compatible data transfers in response to at least the SAM information. Related systems and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) front end device has a signal traveling from a first antenna to a second antenna in an uplink path and a signal traveling from a third antenna to a fourth antenna in a downlink path. The device is under the control of automatic on/off controller (AOOC) which upon receiving a signal indication from a receive signal detector and amplifier (RSDA) turns on the operations of power amplifier (PA) and simultaneously turns off a low noise amplifier (LNA). This LNA is turned off when the power amplifier is turned on to prevent uplink path and downlink path forming a feedback loop which would result in oscillation, noise and interference.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein provide for assigning classifications to signals and corresponding messages for prioritization and transmission across a vehicle CAN bus. The assigned classifications are used to select authentication keys specific to each classification of message. Nodes of the CAN bus can include different sets of keys based on the classifications of messages handled at the nodes. Keys are distributed and localized to reduce any potential impact on critical functions of the vehicle system that may result from compromise of an authentication key.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to reducing or substantially eliminating an insertion loss caused by isolating a transmit circuit from a receive circuit of an electronic device. To do so, an isolation circuit may be disposed between the transmit circuit and the receive circuit. The isolation circuit may have a first signal path and a second signal path. A first portion of the signal may propagate along the first signal path and a second portion of the signal may propagate along the second signal path. A phase shifter may be disposed on the first signal path to shift a phase of the first portion to match a phase of the second portion. The phase-shifted first portion may be combined with the second portion to reduce or substantially eliminate an insertion loss caused by the isolation circuit.

Abstract: An analog PLL comprising: a VCO configured to provide a PLL output signal; a phase detector (PD) configured to receive a feedback signal from the VCO and a reference signal and wherein the PD provides a PD signal to a low pass filter (LPF), the LPF configured to filter of the PD signal and provide the filtered signal as a tuning voltage for the VCO; and a tracking loop configured to receive the tuning voltage and comprising at least a tracking loop comparator configured to provide a comparator output voltage based on a difference between the tuning voltage and a target voltage, wherein an output of the tracking loop provides a tracking voltage based on the comparator output voltage and wherein the frequency of the PLL output voltage is based on the tuning voltage and the tracking voltage.

Abstract: A method for the redundant transmission of data by means of light-based communication may include a data stream to be transmitted that is converted into symbols. This data stream is converted from bipolar symbols into multiple partial data streams having e.g. unipolar-positive symbols. The partial data streams are converted into multiple semi-redundant signals that are then transmitted to the receiver via multiple light-based channels. In the receiver, the received signals are converted back again analogously to when they were sent, in order to obtain the original data stream again.

Abstract: A receiver for a light detection and range finding system is disclosed. The receiver can include an optoelectrical device to receive a pulse of light reflected from a target and to convert the pulse of light to a current pulse. The receiver can also include a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) to convert the current pulse to a voltage pulse. The receiver can also include a tunable filter that has an input coupled to an output of the TIA. The tunable filter can have a frequency response that is adjustable. The TIA and the tunable filter can be disposed on a single integrated circuit (IC) die.

Abstract: Improved techniques are provided for managing and optimizing network resources and spectrum access in a Self-Organizing Network (SON). A Spectrum Access System (SAS) collects network-related information from a plurality of network sources, such as base stations and user equipments (UEs), to perform optimization and organization across different networks, network operators, and network technologies. In some embodiments, the SAS may use the network information and a Radio Environment Map to optimize TDD synchronization in the SON. In other embodiments, the SAS may use the network information to populate a global Neighbor Relation Table. The SAS also may use the network information to optimize one or more network parameters, such as Physical Cell Identities or Root Sequence Indexes, antenna parameters, transmit power levels, handover thresholds, channel assignments, and so on, for use in the SON.

Abstract: A PHY chip for a synchronous Ethernet system includes N network input/output (I/O) ports, a first external recovered clock input, a first recovered clock output, and a first clock multiplexer having a plurality of data inputs, a select input, and an output coupled to the first recovered clock output, at least one of the data inputs coupled to a first recovered clock from a respective one of the N network I/O ports, a first additional data input coupled to the first external recovered clock input.

Abstract: A variable gain circuit includes: input/output terminals P1 and P2 configured to input/output a high frequency signal; a transistor having a signal terminal “a” connected to the input/output terminal P1, a signal terminal “b” connected to the input/output terminal P2, and a control terminal; bias terminals B1, B2 and B3, and a reference voltage terminal respectively set to a first variable voltage, a second variable voltage, a third variable voltage, and a fixed voltage that are independent of one another; an impedance element connected between the bias terminal B1 and the signal terminal a; an impedance element connected between the bias terminal B2 and the signal terminal b; an impedance element connected between the bias terminal B3 and the control terminal; and a first switch configured to switch between connecting and not connecting the reference voltage terminal and the control terminal.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a broadcast signal includes encoding service data; encoding signaling data; building one or more signal frames including one or more data symbols carrying the encoded service data and one or more preamble symbols carrying the encoded signaling data; modulating the one or more preamble symbols and the one or more data symbols into one or more preamble Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) symbols and one or more data OFDM symbols by an OFDM scheme; normalizing average power of the one or more preamble OFDM symbols and the one or more data OFDM symbols in time domain using power normalization factors. Further, a power normalization factor for a preamble OFDM symbol is obtained using frequency domain total power of the preamble OFDM symbol in frequency domain, the frequency domain total power of the preamble OFDM symbol is 7737.

Abstract: A radiofrequency (RF) power regulator includes a forward RF power detection circuit to detect forward RF power supplied by an RF transmitter circuit to an RF transmitting antenna. An RF power sampler is coupled to the forward RF power detector circuit and provides RF power samples of the supplied forward RF power. Multiple filters are coupled to receive the RF power samples. Each filter differently filters the received forward power samples to apply a different average power period. Each filter activates an RF power adjustment trigger signal while a time-averaged forward RF power supplied to the RF transmitting antenna satisfies a forward RF power adjustment condition for the average power period of the filter. Forward RF power adjustment logic is coupled to filters and operable to adjust the forward RF power supplied by the RF transmitter circuit to the RF transmitting antenna based on the RF power adjustment trigger signal.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and circuitries are disclosed for performing self-interference cancellation in a transceiver. In one example, a self-interference cancellation system includes a cancellation signal circuitry, cancellation circuitry, down-conversion circuitry, and an LO derivation circuitry. The cancellation signal circuitry is configured to use a cancellation transmit (TX) local oscillator (LO) signal to up-convert a baseband transmit leakage replica signal to generate a cancellation signal. The cancellation circuitry is configured to combine the cancellation signal with a received signal to generate a corrected received signal. The down-conversion circuitry is configured to use a receive (RX) LO signal to down-convert the corrected received signal to generate a baseband received signal. The LO derivation circuitry is configured to derive the cancellation TX LO signal and the RX LO signal from a common LO signal.

Abstract: A device that selects a transmission weight by which each of a plurality of signal points is to be multiplied; multiplies a signal corresponding to each of the plurality of signal points by the selected transmission weight; multiplexes the multiplied signals corresponding to each of the plurality of signal points on a same frequency and time resource; and modifies a selection rule corresponding to the transmission weight by which each of the plurality of signal points is to be multiplied.

Abstract: A device that selects a transmission weight by which each of a plurality of signal points is to be multiplied; multiplies a signal corresponding to each of the plurality of signal points by the selected transmission weight; multiplexes the multiplied signals corresponding to each of the plurality of signal points on a same frequency and time resource; and modifies a selection rule corresponding to the transmission weight by which each of the plurality of signal points is to be multiplied.

Abstract: A radiofrequency (RF) power regulator includes a forward RF power detection circuit to detect forward RF power supplied by an RF transmitter circuit to an RF transmitting antenna. An RF power sampler is coupled to the forward RF power detector circuit and provides RF power samples of the supplied forward RF power. Multiple filters are coupled to receive the RF power samples. Each filter differently filters the received forward power samples to apply a different average power period. Each filter activates an RF power adjustment trigger signal while a time-averaged forward RF power supplied to the RF transmitting antenna satisfies a forward RF power adjustment condition for the average power period of the filter. Forward RF power adjustment logic is coupled to filters and operable to adjust the forward RF power supplied by the RF transmitter circuit to the RF transmitting antenna based on the RF power adjustment trigger signal.

Abstract: According to one of the exemplary embodiments, the proposed network entry method is applicable to a user equipment and includes: receiving, within an mmWave band, Q scan beams which have Q IDs over M mmWave time units as each mmWave time unit includes a payload region and a BF header region that includes N BSSs with each of the BSSs corresponding to a different one of the Q scan beams, wherein M, N, and Q are integers greater than 1 and M*N=Q; determining a best beam of the UE based on the BSSs of the Q scan beams; determining a best scan beam of the Q scan beams based on the BSSs of the Q scan beams after determining the best beam of the UE; and transmitting, within the mmWave band, a random access preamble (RAP) by using the best beam of the UE.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are related to antenna tuners. A device may include a transceiver configured to operate in a frequency division duplex (FDD) network. The device may also include an antenna tuner coupled to the transceiver. Further, the device includes a processor configured to tune the antenna tuner for a receive frequency if the device is operating in receive mode and tune the antenna tuner for a transmit frequency if the device is operating in a transmit and receive mode.

Abstract: An apparatus, and method therefor, relate generally to broadband IQ generation. In this apparatus, related generally to broadband in-phase and quadrature phase (“IQ”) generation, a divider circuit and a polyphase filter circuit are configured for receiving an oscillator output. The polyphase filter circuit is configured for polyphase filtering the oscillator output into a first quadrature output. The divider circuit is configured for dividing the oscillator output into a second quadrature output. A multiplexer circuit is coupled to the divider circuit and the polyphase filter circuit and configured for selecting either the first quadrature output or the second quadrature output as an IQ output based on a bandwidth of the oscillator output.

Abstract: An antenna device of an embodiment includes: an antenna; a variable impedance matching circuit that is connected to the antenna; a probe that receives power from the antenna; a power detector that is connected to the probe; a control circuit controlling the variable impedance matching circuit based on a value of power measured by the power detector; a first arithmetic circuit calculating a variation in the value of power measured by the power detector; a comparator circuit that compares the variation with a predetermined numerical value range; and a starter circuit that activates the control circuit based on a result of the comparison performed by the comparator circuit.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to an antenna configuration that is configured to tune the frequency of transmission without using filters. The antenna configuration comprises a tunable multi-feed antenna configured to wirelessly transmit electromagnetic radiation. A signal generator is configured to generate a plurality of signals that collectively correspond to a signal to be transmitted. The plurality of signals have a phase shift or amplitude difference therebetween. The plurality of signals are provided to a plurality of antenna feeds connected to different spatial locations of the tunable multi-feed antenna. The values of the phase shift and/or amplitude difference define an antenna reflection coefficient that controls the frequency characteristics that the tunable multi-feed antenna operates at, such that by varying the phase shift and or amplitude difference, the frequency characteristics can be selectively adjusted.

Abstract: Cellular processors are cascaded to provide different configurations, which result in higher-capacity base stations, increased numbers of simultaneous users over one frequency band, and/or aggregation of several carriers while still using only one radiofrequency (RF) chipset. The processors are aligned in both time and frequency, with each processor having a data port that allows data exchange with the other processors. The data alignment and exchange allow the processors, in the aggregate, to act as a single unit, resulting in a scalable architecture that can accommodate different system configurations.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the invention may be found in a method and system for antenna and radio front-end topologies for a system-on-a-chip (SOC) device that combines Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 b/g WLAN technologies. A single chip radio device that supports WLAN and Bluetooth technologies receives a WLAN signal in a WLAN processing circuitry of the radio front-end and in a Bluetooth processing circuitry of the radio front-end. Signals generated by the WLAN processing circuitry and the Bluetooth processing circuitry from the received WLAN signal may be combined in a diversity combiner that utilizes selection diversity gain combining or maximal ratio combining (MRC). When a generated signal is below a threshold value, the signal may be dropped from the combining operation. A single antenna usage model may be utilized with the single chip radio device front-end topology to support WLAN and Bluetooth communications.

Abstract: A bidirectional matching network is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, an apparatus includes a first matching circuit connected in a first signal path between a node and a first amplifier, the first matching circuit configured to translate an off-state impedance of the first amplifier to a first translated off-state impedance. The apparatus also includes a second matching circuit connected in a second signal path between the node and a second amplifier. The second matching circuit configured to translate an off-state impedance of the second amplifier to a second translated off-state impedance. The second translated off-state impedance is configured to reduce power loss associated with a first signal flowing in the first signal path and the first translated off-state impedance is configured to reduce power loss associated with a second signal flowing in the second signal path.

Abstract: A calibration system may be provided for calibrating wireless communications circuitry in an electronic device during manufacturing. The calibration system may include data acquisition equipment and calibration computing equipment for receiving and processing test and calibration signals from wireless communications circuitry to be calibrated. During testing and calibration operations, a device may be provided with initial pre-distortion calibration values. The initial pre-distortion calibration values may be generated at least in part based on calibration operations performed for other wireless electronic devices. The device may generate a test signal using the initial pre-distortion calibration values. The calibration system may determine whether the test signal is within an acceptable range of a known reference signal.

Abstract: A single hybrid receiver is provided for processing both single carrier and carrier aggregated (CA) communications signals where carriers are split into independent receive paths without any additional external components. The receiver receives all contiguous and non-contiguous intra-band CA and inter-band CA signals allowing for improved rejection and balanced rejection of jamming signals on either side of the two carrier signals.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure provide a radio frequency (RF) system that may be implemented in a variety of devices. For example, the RF system may include a plurality of first RF-modules, each configured to process RF signals received from a corresponding antenna array to generate intermediate frequency (IF) signals and to process IF signals for transmission via the antenna array, wherein the plurality of first RF modules are coupled to each other via a first interface comprising transmission lines for carrying at least an IF signal, a local oscillator (LO) signal, and a control signals; at least one second RF module; and a baseband module configured to provide IF signals, the LO signal, and the control signals to one of the first RF modules via a second interface and to provide at least IF signals to the second RF module via a third interface.

Abstract: A circuit for amplifying radio frequency signals comprising: a terminal for connection to an antenna; a common amplifier arranged in a common-gate configuration between a first node and said terminal; a transmit amplifier operable to amplify a radio frequency signal present at an input node and provide the amplified signal to said first node; and a receive amplifier operable to amplify a radio frequency signal present at said first node and provide the amplified signal to an output node; wherein the circuit is operable in two modes: in a receive mode, the common and receive amplifiers being configured so as to together form a receive cascode for amplifying radio frequency signals received at the terminal; and in a transmit mode, the common and transmit amplifiers being configured so as to together form a transmit cascode for amplifying radio frequency signals applied at the input node.

Abstract: Techniques for efficient signaling to and from a plurality of mobile stations are disclosed. In one embodiment, a subset of mobile stations may be allocated a portion of the shared resource with one or more individual access grants, another subset may be allocated a portion of the shared resource with a single common grant, and yet another subset may be allowed to use a portion of the shared resource without any grant. In another embodiment, an acknowledge and continue command is used to extend all or a subset of the previous grants without the need for additional requests and grants, and their associated overhead. In one embodiment, a traffic to pilot ratio (T/P) is used to allocate a portion of the shared resource, allowing a mobile station flexibility in selecting its transmission format based on T/P.

Abstract: Digital control of a crystal oscillator is implemented in a manner that allows frequency accuracy to be traded off dynamically with power consumption. The oscillator transitions between a less accurate/lower power mode and a high accuracy/higher power mode smoothly without requiring any external clock source during the transition. Power consumption is optimized because the crystal oscillator provides the clock source during transitions between the power modes and no other clock source is needed for these transitions. The system can also optimize the startup time and steady state power consumption independently.

Abstract: The input interface for a transmit/receive radio station includes an input for receiving a signal either with a variable voltage over a pre-determined voltage range, or an open collector signal having a voltage (0V) corresponding to the low logic state; a first output for the variable voltage signal, and a second open collector output. The first and second outputs are connected to the same input and the input is connected to a reference potential through a first voltage divider bridge, the middle point of which is connected to the positive terminal of an open loop comparator, the output of which is connected to the second output.

Abstract: Monitoring non-supported wireless spectrum within a coverage area of a distributed antenna system (DAS) in which a listening module connected to a remote unit of the DAS monitors non-supported wireless frequencies (i.e., frequencies that are outside the frequency ranges supported by the downlink and uplink signals of the DAS), via one or more antennas. The listening module also transmits the wireless frequencies to a monitoring module connected to head end equipment (HEE) of the DAS. In that manner, a monitoring module can use an existing DAS infrastructure to monitor non-supported portions of the wireless spectrum at remote locations. In addition to avoiding the need to run a parallel DAS infrastructure, the disclosed arrangements are also useful in shared spectrum environments and other environments where efficient spectrum utilization is desired.

Abstract: The disclosed signal generator circuit has a four-phase signal generator circuit generating four-phase signals with a first frequency; an eight-phase signal generator circuit performing ½ frequency division of the four-phase signals to generate eight-phase signals with a second frequency; a first to a fourth harmonic rejection mixer circuits multiplying a first four-phase signal and a second four-phase signal of the four-phase signals by a first to a third eight-phase signals and a third to a fifth eight-phase signals of the eight-phase signals with mutually different combinations; a subtractor subtracting between outputs of the first and the fourth harmonic rejection mixer circuits to generate a first output signal with a third frequency; and an adder adding between outputs of the second and the third harmonic rejection mixer circuits to generate a second output signal with a third frequency whose phase is different from the first output signal by ?/2.

Abstract: The signal processing system includes a first signal processing unit, a first route, and a second route. The first signal processing unit receives a first signal and generates a first sub-signal and a second sub-signal. The first route receives the first sub-signal through one end of the first route and outputs the first sub-signal from the other end. The second route receives the first signal transmitted from the antenna through one end of the second route, and outputs the first signal through the other end. The second route includes a second signal processing unit, receives the first signal and generates a third sub-signal and a fourth sub-signal; a gain unit receives the third sub-signal to gain the first signal; and a circuit unit receives the fourth sub-signal, determines whether to enable the gain unit, or to adjust a gain level of the gain unit.

Abstract: An array antenna apparatus in which an SN ratio is improved. Antenna elements having transmission modules, respectively, are arranged in plurality, wherein the plurality of transmission modules respectively have transmission signal generators that each output a transmission intermediate frequency signal, local oscillation signal generators that each output a local oscillation signal, and transmission mixers that each mix the transmission intermediate frequency signal and the local oscillation signal with each other, thereby to carry out frequency conversion to a transmission high frequency signal. A reference signal source inputs a reference signal to the transmission signal generators and the local oscillation signal generators. The transmission intermediate frequency signal and the local oscillation signal are synchronized with each other by the reference signal.

Abstract: A multi-band multi-path receiving and transmitting device and method are provided. The multi-band multi-path receiving and transmitting device includes at least two multi-frequency couplers, a multi-band transceiver, and a signal processing module. The multi-band transceiver includes at least two first frequency band receiving branches and at least two second frequency band receiving branches, and the multi-band transceiver is adopted to decrease the number of the transceivers, thereby reducing the material cost and the mounting cost of the base station system.

Abstract: According to some embodiments described herein, a bi-directional amplifier may include a first interface port configured to receive a first signal. The bi-directional amplifier may also include a second interface port. The second interface port may be communicatively coupled to the first interface port and may be configured to receive a second signal. The second interface port may be communicatively coupled to the first interface port such that the first signal propagates from the first interface port to the second interface port and such that the second signal propagates from the second interface port to the first interface port. The bi-directional amplifier may also include a common amplifier communicatively coupled between the first interface port and the second interface port such that the common amplifier is configured to receive and amplify both the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: A radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader having fast-adaptive echo cancellation for backscatter-modulated signals is described. The echo cancellation includes subtracting an RF-level cancel signal from the received signal, where the cancel signal is generated based upon an error measured in the receive signal after down-conversion to baseband and low-pass filtering. The cancel signal is based upon a cumulative sum or integral of error signals and an estimated complex-valued transfer function of the scaling circuit. Methods of quick calibration of the reader are described, including accounting for circuit offsets and determining the estimated complex-valued transfer function.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for initializing a transceiver in a wireless communication system.

Abstract: A diversity receiver comprises a plurality of receiving paths connected to a receiver circuit. Each of the receiving paths comprises an antenna receiving a signal, connected to a matching network connected to a receive amplifier. The receiver circuit is connected to a signal level comparison circuit for providing a relative comparison value indicating one of the receiving paths receiving the signal with a relative maximum strength. The signal level comparison circuit comprises a comparator circuit connected to the receiver circuit receiving a currently received signal level, and to a logic control unit being arranged to select one of the receive paths to provide the currently received signal to the receiver circuit.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus comprising a transceiver having a receiver and a transmitter connected through a segment of a calibration loop back path. The apparatus also comprises a control system configured to communicate with the transceiver. The calibration loop back path has an intentional phase shift that can be toggled between an off state and an on state by the control system. The control system is configured to calculate the intentional phase shift by examining the difference of a first and second phase angle. The first phase angle is obtained from the transmission of a first pair of signals with the intentional phase shift in the off state. The second phase angle is obtained from the transmission of a second pair of signals with the intentional phase shift in the on state.

Abstract: A discrete digital transceiver includes a receiver sample and hold module, a discrete digital receiver conversion module, a transmitter sample and hold module, a discrete digital transmitter conversion module, clock generation module, and a processing module. The receiver sample and hold module samples and holds an inbound wireless signal in accordance with a receiver S&H clock signal. The discrete digital receiver conversion module converts the receiver frequency domain sample pulse train into an inbound baseband signal. The transmitter sample and hold module samples and holds an outbound signal to produce a transmitter frequency domain sample pulse train. The discrete digital transmitter conversion module converts a transmitter frequency domain sample pulse train into the outbound wireless signal. The clock generation module generates S&H clock signals in accordance with a control signal. The processing module generates the control signal such that the S&H clock signals are shifted.

Abstract: Frequency conversion methods and systems are disclosed for a transceiver for personal area networks (PAN) and near field communication (NFC). NFC data may be received and/or transmitted via the NFC radio and PAN data may be received and/or transmitted via the PAN radio. With an integration of frequency conversion for PAN and NFC, both systems may operate from a single frequency source, thereby reducing part count and power consumption. Communication between PAN and NFC channels may be enabled via a single chip.

Abstract: A standing wave ratio measuring circuit includes an amplifier circuit amplifying a transmission signal; a first circulator outputting the transmission signal amplified in a direction of an antenna, and outputting a reception signal received by the antenna to a reception system; a traveling wave bypassing unit allowing the transmission signal (the traveling wave), before being input to the amplifier circuit, to travel to the reception system while bypassing the amplifier circuit when a request to measure a standing wave ratio is detected; a second circulator outputting the traveling wave bypassing the amplifier circuit in a direction of the first circulator; a control unit controlling the amplifier circuit; a reflected wave acquiring unit acquiring a reflected wave at a location after the second circulator in the reception system; and a measuring circuit measuring the standing wave ratio using the traveling wave and the reflected wave.