Abstract: A method may include receiving a group of images taken by a camera over time in an environment, in which the camera may be oriented within the environment to capture images of an object in a substantially same direction as a launch direction of the object, and the group of images including a first image and a second image. The method may further include: identifying a first position of the object in the first image; identifying a second position of the object in the second image; generating a flight vector based on the first position of the object and the second position of the object; and determining one or more flight parameters using the flight vector. Additionally, the method may include: generating a simulated trajectory of the object based on the flight parameters; and providing the simulated trajectory of the object for presentation in a graphical user interface.

Abstract: A method may include receiving a group of images taken by a camera over time in an environment, in which the camera may be oriented within the environment to capture images of an object in a substantially same direction as a launch direction of the object, and the group of images including a first image and a second image. The method may further include: identifying a first position of the object in the first image; identifying a second position of the object in the second image; generating a flight vector based on the first position of the object and the second position of the object; and determining one or more flight parameters using the flight vector. Additionally, the method may include: generating a simulated trajectory of the object based on the flight parameters; and providing the simulated trajectory of the object for presentation in a graphical user interface.

Abstract: Systems for determining motion characteristics of a sports object. In an embodiment, the system comprises a light grid structure and a processor. The light grid structure comprises a frame and light-source assemblies and photo-detector assemblies. Each of the light-source assemblies and photo-detector assemblies is mounted on the frame such that each light-source assembly is on an opposite side of the frame than a corresponding photo-detector assembly, and each light-source assembly emits a light beam which is detected by its corresponding photo-detector assembly. The processor receives data that is based on outputs of the photo-detector assemblies. The data indicates light beam(s) which have been interrupted. Based on the data, the processor determines motion characteristic(s) of an object which interrupted the light beam(s), including an angle of incidence.

Abstract: A golf swing practice apparatus which includes a rotating drum having an optical sensor mounted inside the drum that is capable of swiveling in a direction perpendicular to the rotational direction of the drum and capable of detecting a change in swivel position or swivel angle; an elongated cord including a proximal end secured to the drum and a distal end secured to a golf ball; a base member having an impact area over which a user may swing a golf club; and a frame structure secured to the base member and to the rotating drum whereby the frame structure holds the rotating drum in an elevated position above the impact area.

Abstract: A watch includes a wrist band and a housing mounted to the wrist band where the housing includes a wrist side and an opposing side, a pliable domed shape pressure plate that extends outwardly from the wrist side of the housing to contact a palm side of a wrist and that responds to movements of muscles and tendons in the wrist that correspond to varying grip pressures applied by a hand extending from the wrist, a battery, memory, circuitry powered by the battery to convert responses of the pliable domed shape pressure plate to digital data, and circuitry powered by the battery to record the digital data to the memory.

Abstract: A golf practice and exercise device has an elevated arm from which an impact object is suspended for swinging movement. The object is positioned with a clubhead impact target in position for striking by the clubhead of a golf club swung by a golfer. The resistance to the impact of the golf club is adjustable. A sensor detects the magnitude and velocity of the striking force, and a display displays an indication as to how far a golf ball would have gone after being struck with a force and velocity of the detected magnitude.

Abstract: A golf swing practice apparatus which includes a rotating drum having an optical sensor mounted inside the drum that is capable of swiveling in a direction perpendicular to the rotational direction of the drum and capable of detecting a change in swivel position or swivel angle; an elongated cord including a proximal end secured to the drum and a distal end secured to a golf ball; a base member having an impact area over which a user may swing a golf club; and a frame structure secured to the base member and to the rotating drum whereby the frame structure holds the rotating drum in an elevated position above the impact area.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for practicing golf shot where a ball is tethered to a storage and winding device for ball deployment. The tether feeds out of the storage and winding element guiding the A selectively operable motor rewinds the tether into the storage and winding device. A board onto which the practicing apparatus is removably mounted includes multiple surface materials to simulate various terrain conditions. A laser reader and bar coded tether is provided to measure the distance traveled by the ball.

Abstract: A golf swing practice apparatus is provided including a rotating drum, a plurality of laser generating means mounted on the rotating drum, an elongated cord including a proximal end secured to the rotating drum and a distal end secured to a golf ball whereby the golf ball is tethered to the rotating drum, a base member having an impact area over which a user may swing a golf club, and a frame structure secured to the base member and to the rotating drum whereby the frame structure holds the rotating drum in an elevated position above the base member. The rotating drum rotates with the golf ball when the golf ball is struck by the user. At least one of the plurality of laser generating means generates a laser beam which propagates substantially along the path of the golf ball. Additionally, at least one of the plurality of laser generating means generates a laser beam which propagates parallel to a theoretical path of a fairway.

Abstract: A golf swing practice apparatus is provided including a rotating drum, a plurality of laser generating means mounted on the rotating drum, an elongated cord including a proximal end secured to the rotating drum and a distal end secured to a golf ball whereby the golf ball is tethered to the rotating drum, a base member having an impact area over which a user may swing a golf club, and a frame structure secured to the base member and to the rotating drum whereby the frame structure holds the rotating drum in an elevated position above the base member. The rotating drum rotates with the golf ball when the golf ball is struck by the user. At least one of the plurality of laser generating means generates a laser beam which propagates substantially along the path of the golf ball. Additionally, at least one of the plurality of laser generating means generates a laser beam which propagates parallel to a theoretical path of a fairway.

Abstract: Grip pressure is monitored by a collection of battery powered components embodied in an assembly analogous to an ordinary wrist watch, that is a watch housing or casement and a stretchable band. The system, which we shall refer to as a swing monitor, is worn on the wrist and deployed in such a way that the back of the housing or casement is cinched securely to the back or underside of the wrist. A pressure plate on the back of the watch makes contact with the pulse region of the wrist. The flexing and relaxing of the muscles and tendons of the wearer is read by an electronic pressure sensing device, a piezo sensor. A tighter grip will register greater pressure and a looser grip, less pressure. The device records grip pressure associated with the swing of a golf club, tennis racquest or baseball bat, among other articles of sports equipment meant to be swung. The grip pressure determined to be optimal, that is giving the desired result, can be SAVED in the memory of the swing monitor system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring ball launch conditions is disclosed. Specifically, the accuracy of the calculations used to determine the kinematic characteristics may be increased. A background image of a field of view, without a golf ball present, may be acquired. Two or more images of a golf ball in motion are then be acquired based on positive or negative imaging. The background image is subtracted from each of the two or more images of the golf ball. After subtracting the background image, the two or more images of the golf ball are analyzed to determine the location of the circular perimeter of the golf ball. Based on the location of the circular perimeter of the golf ball, the location of the center of the golf ball may be calculated. Knowing the location of the center of the golf ball increases the accuracy of measurements of kinematic characteristics such as sidespin, backspin, velocity, and launch angle.

Abstract: The embodiments may relate to games or sports using tangible projectiles. A tethered ball game embodiment may include a play ball and a tether that may be connected to the play ball and a sensor head assembly. The tether may be elastic. The sensor head assembly may have a force sensor to determine an impact power imparted to the play ball, a spin sensor to determine a rotational value of the play ball, a travel path sensor to determine a path of travel of the play ball, and a play ball strike sensor to determine a strike to the play ball. The tethered ball game also includes a target device and a player feedback system having lights and audio feedback, all controlled by a controls system.

Abstract: A transmitter tag for a ball, the tag comprises a transmitter configured to issue a signal for location of the ball, a power source for powering the transmitter, activation means operable for activating the transmitter when the ball is in use, and deactivation means operable for remote manual deactivation of the transmitter after the ball is located.

Abstract: A golf swing-measuring system including a computer (16) for capturing a colored moving image obtained by photographing a golfer (11) who swings by gripping a golf club (13). The computer (16) selects and extracts one or more images each showing a swing posture as check-point images such as an address image, a take-back shaft 8 o'clock image, a take-back shaft 9 o'clock image, a take-back unskillful arm horizontal image, a top image, a downswing unskillful arm horizontal image, a downswing shaft 9 o'clock image, an impact image, a follow-through shaft 3 o'clock image, and a finish image and extracts from a large number of still images constituting said color moving image. Thereafter the computer (16) obtains coordinates of positions of attention-focused points that operate in said check-point images when said golfer swings.

Abstract: A method for performing projectile-based sport simulations. A striking apparatus is used to strike a projectile with striking means, the striking apparatus being configurable to alter its strike properties. The strike results from the strike are measured and are entered into a data base along with the corresponding strike properties. The process is repeated for a variety of strike properties. A sports practice device is then provided having a simulation projectile mounted to a flexible tether and sensor means. The striking apparatus is then used to strike the simulation projectile of the sports practice device using the same strike properties as entered into the database. A user strikes the simulation projectile of the sports practice device and sensor readings are measured. The strike results for the user's strike are calculated by correlating the sensor readings with the information entered into the database.

Abstract: A practice golf swing device which permits the swinger of a golf club to hit a variable height replica golf ball that is fixedly attached to a universally pivoting arm (swivel arm) that moves in direct proportion to the swing path and speed of the golf club. The motion thus initiated in the swivel arm may be measured at the base of the arm (knuckle ball) using an optical/digital sensing output as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,288,993 and 5,703,356 with this measurement being computed so as to numerically or graphically depict the movement. This graphical depiction may be viewed as a pictorial view of a golf ball in flight along the path that would be expected had the ball been struck by a golf ball with the same force and direction that is imparted to the replica golf ball, which is attached to the pivot arm of the device. The apparatus has a self-zeroing capability that provides an identical “at rest” position prior to impact.

Abstract: A system, a computer program product and a method for registration and analysis of data from a practised stage, and for generation of action programs in dependence of said data. Preferably, the system and the method are adapted for the analysis of the player properties of a sports practiser (1500) and for the generation of an action program in the form of a training model for the player, whereby the player will, while practising (1501) the sport, register (1502) player data (101) and result data (102) in a registration unit (104). In a parameter processing unit (106), a player characteristics profile, depending of said registered data, is generated (1503), regarding various parameters, such as shot type, number of shots per shot type, etc., as well as a comparison profile by means of which a current player characteristics profile for a player is compared with a normal profile for an average player.

Abstract: An input device apparatus for providing coordinate data indicative of the motion of an object to a computing apparatus, includes an elongated member translatable along and rotatable about a longitudinal axis, a swing arm attached to the object and to the elongated member such that movement of the object results in corresponding movement of the elongated member, and an engagement surface for engaging an input device of the computing apparatus.

Abstract: A practice golf swing device which permits the swinger of a golf club to hit a variable height replica golf ball that is fixedly attached to a universally pivoting arm (swivel arm) that moves in direct proportion to the swing path and speed of the golf club. The motion thus initiated in the swivel arm may be measured at the base of the arm (knuckle ball) using an optical/digital sensing output as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,288,993 and 5,703,356 with this measurement being computed so as to numerically or graphically depict the movement. This graphical depiction may be viewed as a pictorial view of a golf ball in flight along the path that would be expected had the ball been struck by a golf ball with the same force and direction that is imparted to the replica golf ball, which is attached to the pivot arm of the device. The apparatus has a self-zeroing capability that provides an identical “at rest” position prior to impact.

Abstract: A golf practicing device includes a housing, an electromagnet mounted in the housing, a cover rotatably mounted on the housing, a magnetic block secured on the cover and aligning with the electromagnet, and a bar mounted on the cover for rotating the cover when the bar is hit. Thus, the energized electromagnet produces a magnetic force to magnetically attract and move the magnetic block to return the bar to the original position, so that the bar can be restored to the original position automatically, thereby facilitating the user practicing the golf skill.

Abstract: At step 1, a golf ball model is divided into a large number of elements composed of a large number of nodal points in the form of meshes; a physical property of a material for the golf ball is inputted; a simulation is executed by an analysis based on a finite element method, assuming that a golf club head collides with the golf ball; and a strain amount generated in the golf ball model at the time of the collision is computed. At step 2, a stress and a strain component of each element of the golf ball model and coordinate values of the nodal points of each element are outputted; and a value of a stress and a strain of each of six components of each element are computed momently. At step 3, the relationship between the stress and the strain of each component of each element is found from the value of the stress and the strain of each of the six components; and energy loss values of each element are computed.

Abstract: The present invention entails a laser guided golf putting system. A laser is mounted into a golf ball mechanism. The golf ball mechanism is comprised of a golf ball mounted on a shaft and supported by a support ball. When a golfer strikes the golf ball, the ball, securely connected to the shaft, falls forward. When the ball falls forward, the laser mounted in the golf ball mechanism shines forward and indicates on a target where the golf ball is projected to go. The laser is activated when the golf ball mechanism is in the fallen position, and deactivated when the golf ball mechanism is upright and ready for a golfer to strike.

Abstract: A golf swing practicing device includes a light comb member enclosed in a dome member, and a shaft extends through a base plate connected to the dome member and the light comb member. A mounting cap is connected to a top of the shaft extending through the dome member. A flexible rod is rotatably connected to the mounting cap. A golf ball is connected to a distal end of the flexible rod. A sensor is connected to the base plate, and the comb members of the light comb member movably engage between two lugs on the sensor. A display member is connected to the sensor so as to illustrate the information of the golf ball hit by the player.

Abstract: A golf cart control and monitoring system on a golf course including a plurality of sensors arranged along a golf cart path at locations corresponding to at least a teeing ground, a fairway, and a putting green of each hole of the golf course in which each of the sensors includes a sensor ID transmitting apparatus. Each of a plurality of golf carts traveling on the golf cart path includes a golf cart ID transmitting apparatus configured to maintain communication between the sensors and the golf carts. Also included is a golf cart control station having a golf cart location device configured to determine locations of the golf carts traveling on the golf cart path. The golf cart location device includes a radio transmitter/receiver configured to receive information on the golf cart IDs and a current location of the golf carts in the golf course from the sensors and the golf carts.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for estimating practice golf shot deviation and distance. The apparatus includes a base, an axle mounted to the base, a golf ball attached to the axle and a sensor coupled to the axle for determining motion thereof. When the golf ball is struck by a golf club, the ball and axle attached thereto rotate around a pivot point provided by the base. When the ball is struck such that it deviates from a plane that is perpendicular to the axle, the sensor detects motion of the axle along its axis. The magnitude and direction of deviation is estimated based upon the detected motion of the axle along its axis. The distance that the ball would have traveled is estimated based upon the detected speed with which the axle rotates.

Abstract: A golf practicing device includes a tube fixedly disposed to a supporting floor with a sleeve rotatably mounted to the tube, a detecting member disposed beside the tube and an illustrative member disposed on a top of the tube. The sleeve has a flange extending radially and outwardly therefrom which has a plurality of protrusions extending downwardly from a periphery of the flange so as to cooperate with the detecting member which is electrically connected to the illustrative member. A base member is attached to the sleeve and has a spherical cavity and a cone-shaped opening respectively defined therein, wherein the cone-shaped opening communicates with the spherical cavity. A rod has a ball member rotatably received in the spherical cavity and a golf ball disposed to a distal end thereof.

Abstract: A retrieval apparatus for operation-management system of golf links and method therefor are, herein, disclosed. LED which is constructed as a display means of measurement results by a sensor is turned on in a given color on the basis of sensor ID detected by moving a moving vehicle on a cart route on which a retrieval apparatus is mounted. And, control on lighting of LED which is constructed as a display means of measurement results by a repeater is performed on the basis of repeater ID detected during moving of the moving vehicle.

Abstract: A golf training device is provided to assist a golfer in practicing their respective putting stroke by accurately indicating the distance a practice putt would have traveled upon a simulated green having a selected stimp value. The golf training device includes a putting target, a sensor for measuring the putting force applied to the putting target, a variable stimp selector enabling the golfer to select a specific stimp value representative of a putting green having the correlating stimp value, a microprocessor which calculates an respective putting distance based on the putting force and selected stimp value; and a display for displaying the respective putting distance to the golfer.

Abstract: A golf practice device having a base supporting a substantially vertical fixed shaft which supports a wheel mounted for rotation about the shaft, and a ball tethered by at least one flexible cord to the wheel. The device also includes an optical sensor which is disposed adjacent to the wheel to detect the rotation thereof and to output a signal indicative of the rate of rotation. This signal is sent to a processor which calculates the free distance of travel a real untethered ball would have traveled and outputs a signal to a display to indicate the free distance of travel to a user.

Abstract: A tethered-ball training device used for repetitive training exercises in a variety of sports. The tethered-ball trainer has a ball support means, a retraction means, and a ball. The retraction means is mounted on the support and the tether connects the retraction means to the ball. The retraction means, or tether-rewinding device, allows the tether to feed-out when a force is applied to the ball and provides for a controlled retraction when the force is removed. In alternate embodiments, the retraction means is a spring-wound cord reel and either one or more may be used. Various embodiments include one or multiple-tether devices, a sensor for determining the boundaries of ball travel and speed, completely collapsible support means, and length adjustment means for the support means.

Abstract: A system 20 for measuring the initial velocity vector of a ball 500 includes a first light sensing array 24, a first light source 28, a second light sensing array 30, and a second light source 32. The ball 500 has an initial position 22. When the ball 500 is struck, at time T1 it casts a first shadow position 36 on first light sensing array 24, and at time T2 it casts a second shadow position 42 on second light sensing array 30. A first plane 38 is formed by initial position 22, first light source 28, and first shadow position 36. A second plane 44 is formed by initial position 22, second light source 32, and second shadow position 42. The line of flight 37 of ball 500 is defined by the intersection of planes 38 and 44. A slant distance D.sub.s is determined, whereby the speed S.sub.b of ball 500 is defined as S.sub.b =D.sub.s /(T2-T1). The velocity vector is then S.sub.b in the direction of line of flight 37.

Abstract: The golf swing training device includes a position sensing unit, a tee mounted on a tee platform and a visual and audio response unit. A taut, movable cord is attached to the hip of the golfer and to the position sensing unit. The position sensing unit generates forward, rearward and fore-strike position signals based upon a forward optimal position, a rearward optimal position and an excessive forward position of the hip of the golfer. This excessive forward hip position is preferable immediately prior to striking the ball and corresponds to the fore-strike position signal. The visual and audio response unit, located adjacent the tee platform, visually indicates to the golfer when his or her hips exceed the forward optimal position, and the rearward optimal position. These are negative feedback signals.

Abstract: Golf practice apparatus utilizing a tethered golf ball wherein the kinetic energy is dissipated when the ball is struck. Initial velocity vectors in the x, y, and z coordinates are derived by time integrating the respective forces over the period of time during which the kinetic energy is dissipated. From these derived velocity vectors is computed what the trajectory of the golf ball would have been if it had been untethered. Alternatively, two of the initial velocity vectors may be derived as described above and the third obtained mathematically after first deriving total initial velocity. Golf ball spin about a vertical axis may be obtained for correction to the trajectory by means of a reflective strip on the ground facing surface of the golf club head and two or more sensors for detecting the reflections from opposite ends of the strip.

Abstract: A golf practice device includes: a supporting base, a golf ball secured on a linking arm having a sleeve pivotally mounted on a shaft erected on the base, two rotor magnets having opposite outer magnetic poles and diametrically secured on two opposite ends of the sleeve, two stator magnets having opposite inner magnetic poles and secured on two opposite ends of a housing for surrounding the two rotor magnets for a mutual attraction between each stator magnet and each rotor magnet, a power generator having an iron core wound with coil windings on the core and surrounding the two rotor magnets for generating power due to change of magnetic field when rotating the sleeve and the two rotor magnets with respect to the iron core as driven by a hitting on the golf ball, and a display device for converting the power to an optical and audio signal for a visual and audio display for indicating the striking strength as hit by the golf player, and upon magnetic attraction between each stator magnet and each rotor magnet,