Abstract: A golf ball has a plurality of dimples in its spherical outer surface, in a pattern such that the drag coefficient of the golf ball is reduced and the air resistance of the ball is minimized in a low-speed area during its flying so that the carry distance is increased.

Abstract: A combination dimple pattern on the surface of a golf ball is characterized by both non-circular and non-circular compound dimples. The compound dimples include a first non-circular dimple portion and a second non-circular dimple portion arranged in a bottom surface of the first portion, with the second dimple portion having a depth greater than the depth of the first circular portion. The combination of compound and circular dimples on the surface of the ball improves the aerodynamic efficiency of the ball for more control of lift and drag of a spinning golf ball during flight.

Abstract: A golf ball includes a large number of two types pr more dimples different in diameter and/or depth, which are arranged on the surface of the golf ball; wherein an EAstdev value of the golf ball is in a range of 2 or less, the EAstdev value being expressed by the following equations: EA ⁡ ( α j ) = ∑ i = 1 N ⁢ [ S ⁢   ⁢ i × sin ⁢   ⁢ ( θ i ) ] EAstdev =

Abstract: In a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a golf ball has a surface comprising a plurality of dimples arranged in an amorphous pattern. In an additional embodiment of the invention, a golf ball has a surface comprising a plurality of spaced dimples, wherein the dimples each comprise a non-circular shape and are spaced by land portions having substantially uniform widths. In an additional embodiment of the present invention, a golf ball has a surface formed with a plurality of non-circular, multi-sided shaped dimples and interposed lands having substantially consistent widths between adjacent dimples. In yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention, an exemplary method of making a golf ball having a dimpled surface is provided. The process comprises generating an amorphous pattern of non-circular shaped dimples and then transferring the amorphous pattern to the surface of the golf ball.

Abstract: In a multi-piece solid golf ball comprising a solid core and a cover of two inner and outer layers enclosing the solid core, the solid core has a deflection of at least 1.

Abstract: In a multi-piece solid golf ball comprising a solid core and a cover of two inner and outer layers enclosing the solid core and formed on the surface with a plurality of dimples, the solid core in its entirety has a hardness distribution falling within the range of JIS-C hardness 50-85, the difference between maximum and minimum JIS-C hardnesses in the solid core falls within 5%, the cover inner layer has a JIS-C hardness of 70-90, the cover outer layer has a JIS-C hardness of 60-80, the sum of high-speed region dimple operative volumes HDOV of respective dimples is 170-310, the sum of low-speed region dimple operative volumes of respective dimples LDOV is 200-310, and the overall dimple volume is 260-360 mm3.

Abstract: A golf ball having a surface thereon with a plurality of dimples on the surface is disclosed herein. The contour of each of the dimples is continuous from a first edge of each of the dimples to a second opposing edge of each of the dimples. The contour at the first edge may be equal to the contour of a sphere of the golf ball. The contour of each of the dimples may be convex from the first edge to a first inflection point and from the second edge to a second inflection point, and the contour may be concave between the first inflection point and the second inflection point. The contour may be defined by the following equation: P(t)=&Sgr;BiJn,i(t) 0≦t≦1, wherein Jn,i(t)=(ni)ti(1−t)n−i, n is equal to at least five, and i=n+1. The radius of each point from a bottom center to the first edge may be different from any other point from the bottom center to the first edge. The radius may be greatest at the bottom center. The golf ball may have a thermoset polyurethane cover.

Abstract: In a golf ball having a plurality of dimples (12) formed in its surface, each dimple prior to paint coating consists of a major concave surface portion (20) circumscribed by a peripheral convex surface portion (22). The peripheral convex surface portion connects to the major concave surface portion at a point of inflection (30) which is located at a distance of 10-50% of the dimple depth (d) from the edge (26) of the peripheral convex surface portion.

Abstract: A golf ball having an outside surface with a plurality of dimples formed thereon, wherein at least about 80% of the dimples have a diameter of about 0.11 inches or greater and the dimples cover more than 80% of the outer-surface.

Abstract: When the spherical surface of a golf ball is divided into a plurality of substantially congruent spherical triangles, dimples are substantially equally distributed in the spherical triangles. The spherical triangles are minimum triangular units which are substantially congruent with each other. The dimples distributed in each minimum triangular unit include crossing dimples that each lie across a side of the minimum triangular unit. The total of the crossing lengths of the crossing dimples is 70-80% of the total side length of the minimum triangular unit. The golf ball is improved in the symmetry of elevation angle and carry, and has good aerodynamic performance and an increased total flight distance.

Abstract: In a golf ball having on its surface a multiplicity of dimples, the dimples include a majority of large dimples with a diameter of 3.0 to 4.2 mm and account for at least 65% of the entire ball surface area. The large dimples have a depth of 0.1-0.35 mm, an edge angle of up to 30°, and a radius of curvature at the edge of 1-50 mm. Not only excellent flight performance is achieved, but the ball can be smoothly released from a mold at the end of molding.

Abstract: A dimple pattern for a golf ball with multiple sets of dimples is disclosed herein. Each of the multiple sets of dimples has a different diameter. A preferred set of dimples is seven different dimples. The dimples may cover as much as eighty-six percent of the surface of the golf ball. The unique dimple pattern allows a golf ball to have shallow dimples with steeper entry angles. The unique dimple pattern also allows a golf ball to have greater low speed lift with a lower high speed drag. In a preferred embodiment, the golf ball has 384 dimples covering eighty-six percent of the surface.

Abstract: A golf ball satisfies the following conditions (1) to (6): (1) the number of dimples is 360 to 492; (2) total volume enclosed by the dimples as expressed as a percentage of the volume of the golf ball, VR, is 0.715% to 0.825%; (3) the total surface area of the dimples as expressed as a percentage of the surface area of the golf ball, SR, is not less than 70%; (4) the cover has a Shore D hardness of 53 to 63; (5) the difference obtained through subtraction of JIS C hardness of the surface portion of the core from JIS C hardness of the cover is 0 to 20; and (6) initial velocity is in excess of 77.7 m/s (255 ft/s).

Abstract: A golf ball includes a core and a multi-layer cover. The golf ball satisfies the following conditions (1) to (5): (1) the number of dimples is 360 to 492; (2) total volume enclosed by the dimples as expressed as a percentage of the volume of the golf ball, VR, is 0.715% to 0.825%; (3) total surface area of the dimples as expressed as a percentage of the surface area of the golf ball, SR, is not less than 70%; (4) value obtained through subtraction of the JIS C hardness of the surface portion of the core from the average JIS C hardness of the cover is 0 to 20; and (5) initial velocity is in excess of 77.7 m/s (255 ft/s).

Abstract: A golf ball having a surface thereon with a plurality of dimples on the surface is disclosed herein. The contour of each of the dimples is continuous from a first edge of each of the dimples to a second opposing edge of each of the dimples. The contour at the first edge may be equal to the contour of a sphere of the golf ball. The contour of each of the dimples may be convex from the first edge to a first inflection point and from the second edge to a second inflection point, and the contour may be concave between the first inflection point and the second inflection point. The contour may be defined by the following equation: P(t)=&Sgr;BiJn,i(t)0≦t≦1, wherein Jn,i(t)=(ni)ti(1−t)n−i, n is equal to at least five, and i=n+1. The radius of each point from a bottom center to the first edge may be different from any other point from the bottom center to the first edge. The radius may be greatest at the bottom center.

Abstract: An ionomer resin component containing (a) a ternary ionomer resin and optionally (b) a binary ionomer resin, optionally blended with (c) a non-neutralized olefin-unsaturated carboxylic acid random copolymer, is blended with (d) a metal soap of a fatty acid neutralized with a Ca, Mg or Zn cation in a weight ratio from 95:5 to 80:20. A golf ball cover composition based on this mixture has a melt index of 1-10 dg/sec. The cover composition is drastically improved in moldability, resilience and paint coating adhesion. A golf ball having a cover made of the composition is improved in feel and flight performance.

Abstract: A spherical ball and a method of making the spherical ball wherein the ball has a plurality of elongated dimples substantially covering the outer surface of the ball without any dimple overlap. The elongated dimples are of at least two types including a first plurality of dimples having a minor axis and a major axis which together form the long axis of the first plurality of dimples. The minor axis being less than the major axis. A second plurality of dimples has a minor axis equal to that of the first plurality of dimples and a major axis less than the major axis of the first plurality of dimples but greater than the minor axis.

Abstract: A vortex generating golf ball dimple for producing a turbulent boundary layer on the surface of a golf ball during its flight is a composite of a plurality of overlapping smaller concave sections. Preferably, the dimple is a plurality of peripheral spherical sections overlapping a central spherical section to form a ridge-like polygon. The polygon, the top edge of which lies below the outer edges of the dimple, acts as a vortex generating structure within the dimple concavity for producing the turbulent boundary layer. Each pair of opposite or near opposite sides of the polygon has a common cross-sectional shape or structure. The aerodynamic characteristics of the cross-sectional structure are such that the turbulent boundary layer is formed about the dimple at even relatively low velocities without any unnecessary interference being produced at high velocities.

Abstract: A dimple pattern for a golf ball with multiple sets of dimples is disclosed herein. Each of the multiple sets of dimples has a different entry radius. A preferred set of dimples is eighteen different dimples. The dimples may cover as much as eighty-seven percent of the surface of the golf ball. The unique dimple pattern allows a golf ball to have shallow dimples with steeper entry angles. In a preferred embodiment, the golf ball has 382 dimples with eleven different diameters and eighteen different entry radii.

Abstract: A new configuration for dimples on the surface of a golf ball is characterized by at least a portion of the bottom surface of the dimple having a raised contour which is still below the surface of the ball. The contoured portion may comprise many shapes including a crescent or a sinusoidal configuration. Moreover, the contoured portion may have different portions having different depths. The contours within at least some of the dimples on the surface of the ball alter the air flow across the golf ball surface to reduce drag and increase the distance the ball will travel.

Abstract: A dimple pattern for a golf ball with multiple sets of dimples is disclosed herein. Each of the multiple sets of dimples has a different diameter. A preferred set of dimples is seven different dimples. The dimples may cover as much as eighty-six percent of the surface of the golf ball. The unique dimple pattern allows a golf ball to have shallow dimples with steeper entry angles. The unique dimple pattern also allows a golf ball to have greater low speed lift with a lower high speed drag. In a preferred embodiment, the golf ball has 384 dimples covering eighty-six percent of the surface.

Abstract: A new dimple configuration for the surface of a golf ball is characterized by non-circular sickle-shaped dimples. Each dimple includes a convex outer edge having a first radial configuration and an inner edge having a second radial configuration. Preferably, the inner edge is concave and the inner and outer edges meet at opposite sides of the dimple. The area between the edges is recessed relative to the golf ball surface. At least some of the sickle-shaped dimples are arranged in an interlocking pattern to maximize the dimpled area of the golf ball surface.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a golf ball comprising a soft core and a hard cover to produce a resulting golf ball having a reduced spin rate. In this regard, a core is provided and metal particles, or other heavy weight filler materials, are included in the cover compositions. This results in a golf ball exhibiting enhanced perimeter weighting. Preferably, the particles are included in a relatively thick inner cover layer (or mantle) of a solid, three-piece multi-layered golf ball. In another preferred version, one or more patterns of weighting material are incorporated in the ball, and most preferably along the outer periphery of the ball so that the pattern is visible along the ball's exterior. The size and weight of the core is reduced in order to produce an overall golf ball which meets, or is less than, the 1.62 ounce maximum weight limitation specified by the United States Golf Association.

Abstract: A dimple pattern for a golf ball with multiple sets of dimples is disclosed herein. Each of the multiple sets of dimples has a different diameter. A preferred set of dimples is twelve different dimples. The dimples may cover as much as eighty-seven percent of the surface of the golf ball. The unique dimple pattern allows a golf ball to have shallow dimples with steeper entry angles. In a preferred embodiment, the golf ball has 382 dimples covering ninety percent of the surface.

Abstract: In a golf ball having a plurality of dimples in its surface, the dimples as a whole are randomly distributed on at least a hemispherical surface. The golf ball has improved aerodynamic isotropy.

Abstract: A golf ball has plural types of dimples on a spherical surface, which is assumed to be a regular icosahedron having twenty triangles. Apexes of five triangles join together at a vertex. Those dimples arranged in each triangle constitute an arrangement unit. A first dimple having a smallest diameter is located at the vertex, and second dimples having a greater diameter are equidistantly arranged around the first dimple. When a pentagon which circumscribes the second dimples is drawn, an average depth of those dimples located within the pentagon is up to 85% of the average depth of those dimples located in the remaining areas.

Abstract: A golf ball having improved aerodynamic efficiency is characterized by the arrangement of a plurality of modified tear-drop shaped dimples arranged on the surface thereof. The ball has a dimple-free equator which divides the ball into two identical hemispheres, each of which is broken into equal portions by a plurality of great circles passing through the poles of the ball. Each portion has a maximum circular area filled with a first plurality of non-circular dimples. A second plurality of non-circular dimples is arranged between the circular areas so that the dimple coverage on the ball is maximized.

Abstract: A dimple pattern for a golf ball with multiple sets of dimples is disclosed herein. Each of the multiple sets of dimples has a different diameter. A preferred set of dimples is seven different dimples. The dimples may cover as much as eighty-six percent of the surface of the golf ball. The unique dimple pattern allows a golf ball to have shallow dimples with steeper entry angles. The unique dimple pattern also allows a golf ball to have greater low speed lift with a lower high speed drag. In a preferred embodiment, the golf ball has 384 dimples covering eighty-six percent of the surface.

Abstract: A dimple pattern for a golf ball with a thermoset polyurethane cover is disclosed herein. The dimple pattern has multiple sets of dimples, each set of dimples having a different diameter. A preferred set of dimples is seven different dimples. The dimples may cover as much as eighty-six percent of the surface of the golf ball. The unique dimple pattern allows a golf ball with a thermoset polyurethane cover to have shallow dimples with steeper entry angles. The unique dimple pattern also allows a golf ball with a thermoset polyurethane cover to have greater low speed lift with a lower high speed drag.

Abstract: A spherical ball and a method of making the spherical ball wherein the ball has a plurality of elongated dimples substantially covering the outer surface of the ball without any dimple overlap. The elongated dimples are of at least two types including a first plurality of dimples having a minor axis and a major axis which together form the long axis of the first plurality of dimples. The minor axis being less than the major axis. A second plurality of dimples has a minor axis equal to that of the first plurality of dimples and a major axis less than the major axis of the first plurality of dimples but greater than the minor axis.

Abstract: A golf ball is molded in a mold comprising a pair of removably joined mold sections. The golf ball has a plurality of dimples, the dimples being arranged in a polyhedral arrangement. The golf ball is free of a great circle which does not intersect with the dimples. The dimples (D2) lying across the parting line (P) between the mold sections, except for the dimples (D1) whose center lies on the parting line, are shifted upward or downward from the parting line or reduced in diameter so that these dimples are located outside the parting line (P). The dimple surface coverage is at least 71%. A golf ball having high symmetry and excellent flight performance can be prepared using a simple mold.

Abstract: A golf ball having a spherical surface is provided. When an imaginary circle with a radius of 5 mm is traced on the spherical surface and centered at any point on that surface, 3-25 raised projections of at least two types which are different in diameter and/or height and 0.01-0.30 mm high are contained in the circle, or raised projections of at least one type and 0.01-0.30 mm high and recessed dimples of at least one type are contained in a total number of 3-25 in the circle. The ball follows a straight trajectory and has an increased run and total distance of travel.

Abstract: A new configuration for dimples on the surface of a golf ball is characterized by at least a portion of the bottom surface of the dimple having a raised contour which is still below the surface of the ball. The contoured portion may comprise many shapes including a crescent or a sinusoidal configuration. Moreover, the contoured portion may have different portions having different depths. The contours within at least some of the dimples on the surface of the ball alter the air flow across the golf ball surface to reduce drag and increase the distance the ball will travel.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a golf ball includes an outer surface and a plurality of dimples formed thereon. At least one of the dimples is a concentric ring dimple. Each concentric ring dimple includes a central depression, and at least one annular depression that concentrically surrounds the central depression. A land ring extends between the central depression and the annular depression. When the concentric ring dimple includes additional annular depressions, land rings extend between the adjacent annular depressions. The concentric ring dimples provide additional dimple circumference over conventional dimples that occupy the same space, thereby improving the aerodynamic performance of the golf ball.

Abstract: A new dimple configuration for the surface of a golf ball is characterized by a portion extending above the surface of the ball. Each dimple includes an annular portion having an inner diameter and an outer diameter, and a circular portion having a diameter corresponding with the annular portion inner diameter. Either, the annular portion of the circular portion is convex and elevated relative to the ball surface with the other portion being concave and extending below the ball surface. When a struck ball travels through the air, the elevated portions trip air at the ball surface to improve the flight characteristics of the ball.

Abstract: A golf ball has plural dimples on its surface. Each dimple has a dimple deepest portion not corresponding to a center of the dimple as viewed in radial direction toward a center of the golf ball. A cross acute angle, between, a straight line which goes through the dimple deepest portion and the center of the dimple, and a great circle zone which goes through poles and the center of the dimple, is arranged to be -85.degree. to 85.degree.. The dimple deepest portion is positioned nearer to a seam than the center of the dimple and the depth of the dimple diminishes gradually and monotonically from the deepest portion to a radially outer portion.

Abstract: A new dimple configuration for the surface of a golf ball is characterized by non-circular sickle-shaped dimples. Each dimple includes a convex outer edge having a first radial configuration and an inner edge having a second radial configuration. Preferably, the inner edge is concave and the inner and outer edges meet at opposite sides of the dimple. The area between the edges is recessed relative to the golf ball surface. At least some of the sickle-shaped dimples are arranged in an interlocking pattern to maximize the dimpled area of the golf ball surface.

Abstract: Golf balls including a cover having a dimpled outer surface and a coating composition, wherein the coating composition is disposed over the cover and substantially corresponds to the dimpled outer surface of the golf ball cover so as to form a coated golf ball having a coating of substantially uniform thickness.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to improved multi-layer golf balls. In this regard, a smaller and lighter core is produced and metal particles, or other heavy weight filler materials, are included in the cover compositions. This results in a molded golf ball exhibiting enhanced perimeter weighting. Preferably, the particles are included in a relatively thick inner cover layer (or mantle) of a solid, three-piece multi-layered golf ball. In another preferred version, one or more patterns of weighting material are incorporated in the ball, and most preferably along the outer periphery of the ball so that the pattern is visible along the ball's exterior. A wide array of shapes and sizes of the patterns may be used. The size and weight of the core is reduced in order to produce an overall golf ball which meets, or is less than, the 1.62 ounce maximum weight limitation specified by the United States Golf Association.

Abstract: A golf ball has a coating layer formed by dispersion coating at the surface portion thereof. For example, a two-piece golf ball is produced by enclosing a solid core with a cover material; forming, by dispersion coating, a white coating layer made of a thermoplastic resin on the surface of the cover material; conducting mark stamping on the coating layer; forming, by dispersion coating, a transparent coating layer made of a thermosetting resin as an outermost layer; and then conducting dimple processing. The coatings have thicknesses in the range of 15-250 .mu.m. Even when the coating layer at a surface portion is formed relatively thick, the coating layer allows the dimples to be precisely shaped and sharp edged and can be given sufficient durability and functions to improve travel properties, spin properties, and feel on impact.

Abstract: A golf ball having a plurality of dimples on its spherical surface molded by a mold which has a spherical cavity therein and is composed of a pair of mold sections being removably mated along with a parting surface at the position corresponding to an equator line of the spherical cavity of the mold, wherein at least one dimple lies across the equator line of the ball, such that a center of the dimple is displaced from the equator line, and the dimple is formed by a pin disposed at the parting surface of the mold sections such that a center axis passing the axial center of the pin is positioned below or above the parting line.

Abstract: A golf ball includes a coating layer which has a thickness of 50-700 .mu.m and is formed at the surface portion of the golf ball. When a three-piece golf ball, for example, is prepared, a solid core is enclosed with a cover material having a two-layer structure composed of inner and outer cover layers, and mark stamping is then performed on the cover material. Subsequently, a transparent coating layer having a thickness of 50-700 .mu.m and made of a thermoplastic resin is formed as an outermost layer. It is possible to impart a desired surface hardness and surface friction coefficient to the golf ball without taking account of the overall structure of the golf ball and the relationship between the hardness of the core and the hardness of the cover, thereby increasing the degree of freedom in designing of the golf ball, especially, in designing of the surface hardness and the surface friction coefficient.

Abstract: A golf ball having a would center and a dimple less outer surface having a constant diameter of 1.75 inches and a smoothness which is determined by rolling a golf ball between upper and lower parallel glass plates supported by four support legs and monitoring any changes in an amount of forced needed to roll the ball between the plates for detecting the presence of an imperfection upon the surface of the ball or an out-of-round ball.

Abstract: A three-piece wound golf ball having improved characteristics of moment of inertia, initial spin and total flight distance with minimal dispersion, the ball comprising:a solid center core portion which is substantially spherical, is composed mainly of polybutadiene having a core diameter of 1.35-1.50 inches (34.3-38.1 mm), a specific gravity of 1.23-1.24; and a Shore D durometer hardness of 55-75 and a compression of 59-75 on an Atti compression tester;an intermediate thread-wound portion wound with an elastomeric thread material upon the core portion to a diameter of 1.540-1.600 inches (39.1-40.6 mm), the thread having an elongation of 800-1000%, a tensile strength of 4000-5000 psi, and a rectangular cross-section configuration of 0.0625 (+/-0.002) inch .times.0.024(+/-0.

Abstract: A golf ball includes a cover and a coating formed on the cover, and dimples are formed in a layer composed of the cover and the coating. The coating is formed of a material having contraction and expansion properties and a higher heat resistance than the material for the cover and has a thickness of at least 15 .mu.m. In a process for producing the golf ball, after the formation of the coating, dimples are formed through the coating by conducting compression molding at a molding temperature near the melting point of the cover. In the golf ball, dimples can be precisely shaped and sharp edged through precise reproduction of design values of dimples. Moreover, the golf ball does not require deburring after dimple formation, thereby preventing a reduced preciseness of dimple shape and resultant variations in quality.

Abstract: In a solid golf ball comprising a solid core and a cover and having a weight of 41-44.5 grams, the cover has a Shore D hardness of 40-53 degrees. The relationship between core hardness and cover hardness is optimized for shots at low head speeds of less than 40 m/sec.

Abstract: A two-piece solid golf ball comprises a solid core and a cover enclosing the core and having a number of dimples in its surface. The solid core is formed of a rubber base and has a specific gravity of at least 1.00. The cover has a greater specific gravity than the core. The golf ball has an inertia moment (M) within the range given by the following expression: M.sub.DL .ltoreq.M.ltoreq.M.sub.UL wherein M.sub.UL =0.08D+84.8 and M.sub.DL =0.08D+77.8 wherein D is a Shore D hardness of the cover, the dimples occupy at least 60% of the ball surface, and V.sub.0 is in the range of 0.4 to 0.65. V.sub.0 is the ratio of the volume of the dimple space below a plane circumscribed by the dimple edge to the volume of a cylinder whose bottom is the plane and whose height is the maximum depth of the dimple measured from the bottom. The ball is improved in flight distance, controllability, roll and straight travel upon putting.

Abstract: In a wound golf ball comprising a center ball (1), thread rubber (2), and a cover, the cover consists of a first layer (3) on the wound center and a second layer (4) on the first layer. The first layer (3) is 0.5-3.0 mm thick. The second layer (4) is 10-300 .mu.m thick. The second layer (4) may be formed by either (a) injection molding a resin composition to enclose the first layer (3) or (b) press molding a resin composition film wrapped around the first layer (3). Dimples may be embossed in the first layer (3) before the second layer (4) is formed thereon. Preferably, dimples are embossed after the second layer (4) is formed on the first layer (3). The ball affords improved spin and flying distance and is fully durable.

Abstract: A golf ball has a surface uniformly covered with a paint coat so that carrying properties of dimples can be stably elicited. A paint to which is applied a voltage of more than 50,000 V is supplied to a disk revolving at a speed of more than 15,000 rpm for atomization, the atomized paint being coated on the surface of the golf ball to form a paint coat within a thickness range of 5 to 60 .mu.m, with a maximum/minimum coat thickness ratio of 1 to 2.

Abstract: A golf ball has a core (1) enclosed with a cover (2) wherein the cover (2) is embossed on its surface with dimples by compression molding in a mold and includes an innermost layer (3), an intermediate layer (4), and an outermost layer (5). The intermediate layer (4) and the outermost layer (5) are formed of a laminate film while the outermost layer (5) is made of a material which is smoothly releasable from the mold. The golf ball is readily removed from the mold at the end of molding and has a high precision of dimple geometry.