Abstract: A flexible mechanism-based anti-backlash device for a planetary gear train, a gearbox, and a robot joint are provided. The anti-backlash device includes an integrated flexible planet carrier, an adjusting screw and a spring, the integrated flexible planet carrier is provided with a moving platform, the moving platform is provided with a spring hole, and the spring is sleeved outside the screw and is installed in the spring hole; when the threaded connection depth of the adjusting screw and the integrated flexible planet carrier reaches or exceeds a set depth, the adjusting screw can extrude the spring to make the moving platform generate elastic movement along a radial direction of the integrated flexible planet carrier, and the radial elastic movement is transformed into circumferential elastic rotation of a planet carrier bearing hole around the center of the planet carrier through an elastic connector.

Abstract: A traction saddle disposed on a tractor for connection with a traction pin of a trailer, is provided. The traction saddle includes a base, a gear set, and a damper. A gear carrier of the gear set fixes axial centers of the planetary gears of the gear set, the planetary gears are meshed with an inner ring gear of the gear set, and the inner ring gear is fixed to the base. The gear carrier is used for fixing the traction pin to rotate with the traction pin. The planetary gears are meshed with one end of a sun gear of the gear set to drive the sun gear to rotate, and the damper is connected to the other end of the sun gear to apply resistance to rotation of the sun gear. In addition, a traction pin, a tractor, a trailer, and a truck are also provided.

Abstract: A damper device includes an input element to which a torque from an engine is transmitted, an output element, an elastic body arranged to transmit a torque between the input element and the output element, and a rotary inertia mass damper that includes a planetary gear that includes a sun gear arranged to rotate integrally with one element of the input element and the output element, a carrier that rotatably supports a plurality of pinion gears and is arranged to rotate integrally with the other element of the input element and the output element, and a ring gear that meshes with the plurality of pinion gears and works as a mass body. The other element includes two plate members that are opposed to each other and coupled with each other by means of a plurality of rivets disposed between the pinion gears.

Abstract: An electrically-actuated variable camshaft timing (VCT) device, comprising: an input configured to receive rotational force from an electric motor; an output configured to couple with a camshaft of an internal combustion engine; a planet gear having radially outwardly extending gear teeth configured to engage ring gears and a radially-inwardly-facing surface; a planet pin, supporting the planet gear, having an outer surface and an axis of rotation about which the planet gear rotates; and a spring applying force in a substantially axial direction along the axis of rotation that moves the planet gear in a radial direction.

Abstract: A rotatable transmission component rotatable about an axis of rotation includes a first mounting member spaced apart from a second mounting member and a spindle extending from the first mounting member to the second mounting member. An axial location of the spindle between the first and second mounting members is maintained by interference connections between the spindle and the first and second mounting members. An outer diameter of a first end of the spindle is larger than an outer diameter of a second end of the spindle. The rotatable transmission component may be a planet carrier, and a planet gear may be supported on the spindle.

Abstract: The invention concerns an epicycloidal gear train comprising a central pinion (26), an outer crown (28) and satellite pinions (32) in engagement with the central pinion (26) and the outer crown (28) and each mounted freely rotatable on a satellite carrier (36), the gear train (10) comprising means for lubricating the teeth and axes (34) of the satellite pinions (32), these means including an annular cup (56) integral with the satellite carrier (36) opened radially inward. According to the invention, an annular bailer (64) is arranged radially inside the cup (56) and applied annularly sealingly to it, the annular bailer (64) being fixed in rotation to the central pinion (26).

Abstract: A planetary gear includes a planet carrier, a sun wheel, a gear ring, and planet wheels meshing with the sun wheel and with the gear ring. Each planet wheel shaft of the planetary gear is arranged to rotatably support a respective planet wheel so that, in an unloaded situation, a geometric axis of rotation of the planet wheel is skewed (?) with respect to the axial direction (z) of the planetary gear. In a loaded situation, torque directed to the planet carrier causes twisting deformation in the planet carrier and thereby the skewedness of the geometric axis of rotation is at least partly eliminated by the twisting deformation. Thus, in the loaded situation, the direction of the geometric axis of rotation can be closer to the axial direction than in a planetary gear where there is no skewedness in an unloaded situation.

Abstract: A handheld power tool gearbox unit, including at least one planetary gear stage, which includes at least one planet carrier, at least one planetary wheel, which is rotatably supported in relation to the planet carrier, and at least one bearing unit, which is provided to rotatably support the planetary wheel in relation to the planet carrier. The planetary wheel includes a pin, which rotatably supports the bearing unit in the planet carrier.

Abstract: A journal bearing assembly for rotatably supporting a gear in a gear system. The journal bearing assembly comprises a journal bearing for rotatably supporting the at least one gear. The journal bearing includes an engagement feature at a distal end thereof. The distal end is insertable into an opening in a gear carrier of the gear system. The opening includes an anti-rotation feature engageable with the engagement feature to block the journal bearing from rotating about an axis extending longitudinally through the center of the journal bearing. The journal bearing assembly further includes a fastening feature for fastening the journal bearing to the gear carrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a planet-carrier (230) cage (234) for a turbomachine speed reducer (110) with a planetary gear set, said cage being designed such that it can contain a central sun wheel (151) with an axis of rotation X and an annular row of planets (150) arranged around the axis X and engaged with said sun wheel, the cage comprising axial receiving elements (280) on the periphery thereof, for receiving axial arms (282) secured to a barrel (242) of said reducer, a substantially radial finger (288) passing through each receiving element and being used to guide the rotation of a ball joint (286) carried by one of said arms, characterised in that each finger comprises means (294, 295) for lubricating said ball joint.

Abstract: A vehicle driveline component with a housing, a ring gear of a transmission, and a plurality of spring sets. The housing defines a bore and a plurality of grooves that are spaced circumferentially about the bore. The ring gear includes an internally-toothed ring gear body and a plurality of mounting teeth that project radially from the ring gear body. The first mounting teeth are received into the grooves in the housing. Each of the spring sets has a first spring, which is disposed between a first side of an associated one of the mounting teeth and a first wall of an associated one of the grooves into which the associated one of the mounting teeth is received, and a second spring that is disposed between a second side of the associated one of the mounting teeth and a second wall of the associated one of the grooves.

Abstract: A carrier assembly for a planetary gear assembly includes a planet frame defining a central aperture therethrough, the central aperture defining a rotation axis, the planet frame configured to rotatably support a plurality of planet gears, and a carrier connected to the planet frame via a stud. At least one of a portion of the carrier proximate the stud and a portion of the stud between the carrier and the planet frame has a dimension reduction, such as a thickness reduction, therein.

Abstract: An axle assembly having a planetary gear set. The planetary gear set may include first and second sets of planet gears that may mesh with a sun gear and a planetary ring gear. The second set of planet gears may be spaced apart from the first set of planet gears and may be positioned in counterphase with the first set of planet gears.

Abstract: A planetary gearing includes a sun gear rotating about a rotation axis and driven by a sun shaft; planet gears driven by the sun gear; a ring gear engaging the planet gears; and a plurality of planet pins that respectively include an outer-side abutment surface having an axially forward end and an axially rearward end. Respectively, one planet pin is arranged inside a planet gear, and the planet pin and the planet gear form a lubricated journal bearing. At an axially forward face side and/or axially rearward face side, each planet gear forms a recess that extends inside the planet gear starting from the face side. The planet pins respectively form a crowning at their abutment surface such that their outer diameter decreases from a maximum outer diameter towards at least one axial end of the abutment surface, and has a minimum at the axial end.

Abstract: An intermediate member is configured to include first and second intermediate members. Connecting portions that respectively extend outward from the first or the second intermediate plates are coupled with each other at two positions on the same circumference as pinion gears by two rivets (total six rivets at three connecting portions) as viewed in a central axis of the damper device. Such an arrangement enables spaces between the pinion gears to be used effectively, increases spaces for the first spring, the second spring and the inner spring and improves a vibration damping performance of a damper device.

Abstract: A drivetrain assembly for a wind turbine includes a main shaft, a bearing operatively coupled to an end of the main shaft, a bearing housing surrounding the bearing, and a gearbox having, at least, a ring gear. The ring gear is positioned adjacent to the bearing housing and includes an outer circumferential surface. The drivetrain assembly also includes at least one flexible member arranged at an interface between the bearing housing and the ring gear. As such, the flexible member(s) is configured to reduce vibrations generated by the gearbox.

Abstract: A torsional vibration damper having enhanced damping performance is provided. A first gear held in the holding member includes a first engagement member situated in an opposite side of a fluid coupling and a second engagement member situated between a holding member and the fluid coupling. A second gear is meshed with the first engagement member, and a third gear is meshed with the second engagement member. The second gear is integrated with the input member, the third gear is integrated with the inertial mass, and the holding member is integrated with the output member.

Abstract: A system includes a stationary component, a rotating component arranged adjacent the stationary component, and a planetary torsional vibration absorber system mounted between the stationary component and the rotating component. The planetary torsional vibration absorber system includes a planetary gear system including a ring gear, a sun gear and a carrier. At least one of the ring gear, the sun gear and the carrier is rotationally fixed to the rotating component and another of the ring gear, the sun gear and the carrier is fixedly secured to the stationary component. A tuned vibration absorber including a tunable damping and stiffness component and an inertia ring is mounted to yet another of the ring gear, the sun gear and the carrier.

Abstract: A planetary transmission includes a planetary stage and a FOFW system having an interrogation unit, a locally fixed antenna electrically connected to the interrogation unit and arranged within a housing of the planetary stage, and a plurality of FOFW sensors fastened to planet gear pins of the planetary stage such that at least two of the FOFW sensors are fastened to each of the planet gear pins. A plurality of co-rotating antennae are fastened to the planet gear carrier at a number corresponding to a number of the planet gear pins. The co-rotating antennae are each electrically connected to at least one of the FOFW sensors and arranged and configured such as to transfer measurement data detected by the FOFW sensors to the locally fixed antenna.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dynamic damper provided with a planetary dear device and damper springs and aims to obtain an increased adjustable range of gear ratio for obtaining a desired reduction of rotating fluctuation and to reduce a size in a radial direction. A plurality of planetary gears 34 are provided, each forms a stepped shape (Ravigneau type planetary gear device) and is constructed by a small diameter pinion 42 and a large diameter pinion 44 juxtaposed in an axial direction so as to be rotated integrally. Rotating elements, which are selectively and desirably arranged to mesh with the small diameter pinion 42 and the large diameter pinion 44, are large diameter and small diameter ring gears and large diameter and small diameter sun gears. In addition to a carrier connecting the plurality of stepped shaped planetary gears 34, two rotating elements are selected from the large diameter and small diameter ring gears and the large diameter and small diameter sun gears.

Abstract: An electric phaser dynamically adjusting the rotational relationship of a camshaft of an internal combustion engine with respect to an engine crankshaft includes an electric motor and a planetary drive. In some embodiments, the planetary drive includes a sun gear, planet gears, a sprocket ring gear driven by the engine crankshaft, a camshaft ring gear rotating with the camshaft, a carrier, a lever arm, and a load generator. The lever arm is rotatably attached to at least one planet gear and pivotably attached to the carrier at a pivot point on the carrier located off-axis from the sun axis. The load generator is coupled to the carrier and applies a torque load to the lever arm to reduce backlash in the split ring planetary drive. The difference between the number of camshaft ring gear teeth and sprocket ring gear teeth is a multiple of the number of planet gears.

Abstract: A ring gear having a longitudinal axis includes an annular gear rim. The annular gear rim further includes an inner annular surface and a plurality of teeth extending from the inner annular surface, the plurality of teeth configured to mate with a planet gear of a planetary gear assembly. The annular gear rim further includes a plurality of pin members distributed circumferentially about the annular gear rim, each pin member of the plurality of pin members oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis. The plurality of pin members is configured to couple the annular gear rim to a secondary structure and, when coupled to the secondary structure, to facilitate bending of the annular gear rim when a load is applied to at least a portion of the plurality of teeth by the planet gear.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gearbox for a wind turbine comprising: an input shaft portion adapted to be operatively connected to a wind turbine rotor shaft; and input hear wheel having teeth arranged around an outer or inner circumference of the wheel, and being attached to the input shaft portion such as to rotate with the input portion; one or more pinions including a pinion wheel arranged on a pinion shaft, the pinion wheel having teeth arranged to engage with the teeth of the input gear wheel, and the pinion shaft being rotatably mounted in a pinion support structure, wherein the input shaft portion is rotatably mounted with respect to the pinion support structure.

Abstract: A fan drive gear system includes at least one intermediate gear that includes an axial gear passage for receiving and conveying a fluid suitable for cooling and/or lubricating. At least a first axial end of the intermediate gear includes a first fluid storage trap for capturing fluid entering and/or exiting the gear passage and storing the fluid therein during powered operation of the fan drive gear system. The fluid is capable of being passively supplied to the intermediate gear passage during an interrupted power event.

Abstract: A device is provided for screwing. The device includes a handle housing and a gear reduction housing. The handle housing includes a handle and lodges a motor. The gear reduction housing lodges a gear reduction unit, the input of which cooperates with the output of the motor. The gear reduction unit includes a single output cooperating with a rotating end element for cooperating with an element to be screwed. The gear reduction housing is linked to the handle housing by a rotating link. The rotating link is configured in a way such that a negligible reaction force is transmitted to the handle housing during an operation of screwing.

Abstract: A dynamic damper device includes a planetary gear mechanism including plural differentially rotatable rotating elements, an elastic member that couples a rotating shaft rotated by being transmitted with a power with a first rotating element of the planetary gear mechanism, and a rotation control device that is coupled with a rotating element different from the first rotating element of the planetary gear mechanism and controls a rotation of the planetary gear mechanism by adjusting torque acting on the first rotating element. Accordingly, the dynamic damper device achieves an effect that vibration can be appropriately reduced.

Abstract: A torsional vibration damping arrangement includes an input region to be driven in rotation around an axis of rotation and an output region. A first torque transmission path and parallel thereto a second torque transmission path and a coupling arrangement for superposing the torques transmitted via the torque transmission paths are provided between the input region and the output region. A first phase shifter arrangement is provided in the first torque transmission path for generating a phase shift of rotational irregularities transmitted via the first torque transmission path relative to rotational irregularities transmitted via the second torque transmission path.

Abstract: A planetary gear device of vehicular power transmitting system includes a carrier, pinion gears, a sun gear, a ring gear, and a cylindrical output member disposed coaxially with the carrier and having the ring gear on inner surface, and a radially outer output gear on outer surface. The carrier is supported by a stationary support wall non-rotatably. The carrier is fixed to the support wall within a teeth width of the output gear. The carrier has support pins rotatably supporting the pinion gears respectively, a carrier body fitted with one end of each the support pin and fixedly fitted in the support wall non-rotatably, and a carrier cover connected to connecting portions extending from the carrier body and fitted with the other end of each the support pin. The support wall has support arm which abuts with the carrier cover. The carrier cover is fixed to the support arm.

Abstract: A planet gear carrier (1) for an automotive vehicle having a plurality of mounting regions (2), mounting a respective planet gear (4), and between the mounting regions (2), at least one aperture (5) such as a through-hole (6) that weakens the planet gear carrier (1), and when filled by a stiffening element (7) reinforces the planet gear carrier (1). A planet gear carrier having installed planet gears, a spur gear differential comprising such a planet gear carrier as well as a spur gear differential comprising two planet gear carriers of the aforesaid type.

Abstract: A rotational speed-reduction device is disclosed. The speed-reduction device includes a flange, a planetary bracket fixedly mounted on the flange, a planetary gear assembly movably mounted on the planetary bracket, a first bearing sleeved on the planetary bracket, an input member, and an output member. The planetary bracket includes a mounting portion, a fixing portion fixed to the flange, and a support portion. The support portion connects the mounting portion to the fixing portion. The planetary gear assembly includes a number of planetary gear pairs movably mounted between the fixing portion and the mounting portion, a fixing shaft passing through the planetary gear pairs, and rotation members movably received between the planetary gear pairs and sleeved on the fixing shaft. Opposite ends of the fixing shaft are connected to the mounting portion and the fixing portion, respectively.

Abstract: An apparatus for damping a flywheel includes a drive plate integrally connected to a crankshaft. A flywheel is connected to receive a rotating force from the drive plate through planetary gearing, and is mounted to rotate relative to the crankshaft. A rigidity imparting means is disposed on a path along which a rotating force is transferred between the drive plate and the flywheel. A mass body is provided on the flywheel, and is configured to perform relative rotation in a direction that offsets a torsional vibration of an engine transmitted to the flywheel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a backlash-free planetary gear unit with a sun gear and with a ring gear, which mesh with at least one first planet gear of a planetary stage, wherein the planetary stage comprises a first planet carrier on which the first planet gear is rotatably mounted, wherein there is furthermore at least one second planet gear in the planetary stage that also meshes with the ring gear and the sun gear, wherein the at least one second planet gear is rotatably supported at a second planet carrier of the planetary stage, wherein the two planet carriers are in the circumferential direction of the sun gear preloaded relative to each another such that also the at least one first planet gear is preloaded relative to the at least one second planet gear in the circumferential direction of the sun gear.

Abstract: In an epicyclic gear system, each planet gear is connected by a respective connecting pin to an asymmetric planet carrier having two plate portions connected to each other, and only one of which is connectable to a reaction member; and at least one end portion of each connecting pin and the plate portion connected to the reaction member are connected by a radially undulated annular wall flexible angularly and radially.

Abstract: A mounting system for a planetary gear train in a gas turbine engine comprises a support strut, a deflection flange and a deflection limiter. The support strut extends between a stationary engine case and a rotating engine shaft that provides input to the planetary gear train in the gas turbine engine. The deflection flange extends from a rotating output component of the planetary gear train. The deflection limiter is connected to the support strut and engages the deflection flange when the gear train becomes radially displaced.

Abstract: Provided is a planetary gear reducer including: a sun gear fixed concentrically to a power input shaft; a plurality of planet gears meshing with the sun gear; a ring gear meshing with the planet gears; a planet carrier configured to support a plurality of planet shafts, each of which is a rotational axis of a corresponding one of the planet gear, and to output revolution of the plurality of planet gears as first power; and a cylindrical support connected to the ring gear, non-rotatable relative to the ring gear, and configured to output rotation of the ring gear as second power. The cylindrical support includes, at one part along the direction of a central axis, a flexible structure which is curved radially inward and has a V-shaped longitudinal section. This configuration improves rigidity and prevents misalignment without increasing the weight of the gear reducer.

Abstract: A damper device includes a damper unit arranged on a motive power transmission path between a motive power source and a gear mechanism and configured for absorbing torque fluctuations that might be generated by elastic force between the motive power source and the gear mechanism. The damper device also includes a limiter unit that produces slip when the torque fluctuations have exceeded a preset value. The limiter unit is arranged on a motive power transmission path between the damper unit and the gear mechanism.

Abstract: A damper device is disposed between an engine and a transmission. The damper device includes a differential mechanism. The differential mechanism includes a first input element connected to the engine, a second input element connected to the engine, and an outputting element connected to the transmission. The damper device also includes a first spring disposed between the engine and the first input element, an inertia member disposed between the first spring and the first input element, and a second spring disposed between the transmission and the outputting element.

Abstract: An automatic toothed variable-speed gearbox is provided, comprising two or more stages of planetary mechanisms, wherein each stage of planetary mechanisms comprises sun gears, a carrier gear and planetary gears, which can be optionally bilateral. The planetary mechanisms comprise two or more power-transfer flows.

Abstract: A geared architecture with a flex mount for a fan drive gear system.

Abstract: Described is a planetary harmonic differential transmission, comprised of a rigid externally-toothed inner sprocket, a rigid internally-toothed outer sprocket, a deformable belt that is toothed on both its internal and external faces, and a set of free-rotating planetary sprockets that are mounted on a rotating carrier cage and cause the belt to progressively engage and disengage from successive portions of the rigid sprockets. The input to the transmission is the relative motion between the carrier cage and the inner sprocket, and the output is the relative motion between the outer sprocket and the inner sprocket, resulting in a differential transmission.

Abstract: A gear reducer includes a rotatable planet carrier supporting at least one planetary gear for axial rotation thereon, a stationary ring gear extending around and engageable with the at least one planetary gear, and a moveable ring gear extending around and engageable with the at least one planetary gear. A pitch diameter of the stationary ring gear is substantially identical to a pitch diameter of the moveable ring gear.

Abstract: A mounting system for a planetary gear train in a gas turbine engine comprises a support strut, a deflection flange and a deflection limiter. The support strut extends between a stationary engine case and a rotating engine shaft that provides input to the planetary gear train in the gas turbine engine. The deflection flange extends from a rotating output component of the planetary gear train. The deflection limiter is connected to the support strut and engages the deflection flange when the gear train becomes radially displaced.

Abstract: An epicyclic gear assembly has a plurality of planetary gear sets secured in a carrier. Each planetary gear set has a planet gear supported by a planet shaft, the planet shaft having its opposite ends supported within the carrier, the planet shaft being capable of defecting along at least a part of its length when the gear assembly is subject to torsional and rotational loads.

Abstract: An epicyclic gear system includes sun and ring gears (2, 4), planet pinions (6, 8) arrayed (a, b) between these gears, and a carrier (10) to which planet pinions are coupled through flexpins (30). The pinions are located between carrier walls (20, 22) with flexpins for the respective arrays cantilevered from opposite walls. The carrier is subjected to externally applied torque which transfers through the system. The load path (pa) for one array is shorter than that (pb) for the other array, which disparity causes carrier distortion with flexpins on one wall angularly displaced from flexpins on the other wall. The system compensates for this by one wall having areas (40, 44) of weakness where the flexpins cantilever from it. This enables the pinions of the two arrays to better mesh under a load and share torque transfer more evenly.

Abstract: A rotary connector includes a stationary housing that includes an outer cylindrical body, and a movable housing that is disposed coaxially with the stationary housing and includes an inner cylindrical body facing the outer cylindrical body. An annular space portion is formed between the inner and outer cylindrical bodies facing each other and flat cables are wound and received in the annular space portion. An internal gear is provided on the outer cylindrical body of the stationary housing. A sun gear is provided on the inner cylindrical body of the movable housing. A planetary gear, which meshes with both the sun gear and the internal gear and is movable along the inner surface of a bottom plate portion of the stationary housing, is provided between the sun gear and the internal gear. The planetary gear and the sun gear include a plurality of void portions in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A driving mechanism is arranged such that at least a part is contained within a space corresponding to the external shape of a driving motor, that is, within a space corresponding to a distance in the radial direction of the driving motor. The driving mechanism comprises a pinion, a transmission gear, a ring gear that forms a fixed axis, and a carrier. The pinion is connected to a rotary shaft of the driving motor. The transmission gear has a disk gear portion that meshes with the pinion, and a sun gear portion that is located on the same side as the pinion with respect to the disk gear portion. The carrier has a planet gear and rotates with a drum.

Abstract: A planetary gear transmission unit (10) includes a ring gear (17), a sun gear (18) and a planet carrier (19) driving a plurality of planet shafts (12) onto which planet gears (11) are rotatably mounted by way of planet bearings (13). The planet shafts are flexpin shafts (12) and each flexpin shaft (12) includes a pair of planet gears (11), each planet gear (11) of the pair being of the single helical type having a helix angle opposite to that of the other planet gear (11) of the pair. A gearbox (20) including a planetary gear transmission unit (10) according to embodiments of the invention and a wind turbine including such a gearbox (20) are also described.

Abstract: A mounting system for a planetary gear train in a gas turbine engine comprises a support strut, a deflection flange and a deflection limiter. The support strut extends between a stationary engine case and a rotating engine shaft that provides input to the planetary gear train in the gas turbine engine. The deflection flange extends from a rotating output component of the planetary gear train. The deflection limiter is connected to the support strut and engages the deflection flange when the gear train becomes radially displaced.

Abstract: A geared power train (100) for use in a wind turbine application to maximize a step-up ratio within a radial space that is defined by the planetary gearing system ring gear size. The geared power train (100) is configured as a split-compound planetary gearing system with a closed-carrier flex-pin planetary system in a high-torque stage (Stage 1) for receiving driving torque via an input shaft (IN) from a wind turbine, and an open-carrier flex-pin planetary system in a low-torque stage (Stage 2) coupled to the high-torque stage (Stage 1) for delivering the driving torque to an electrical generator via an output shaft (OUT).

Abstract: A flywheel apparatus of an engine may include a primary wheel that receives a rotational force from the engine and has an integral ring gear, a secondary wheel that has a sun gear disposed coaxially with the ring gear, a carrier to which each rotary shaft of a plurality of planetary gears may be connected, the planetary gears being engaged between the integral ring gear and the sun gear, and a damping member elastically engaging between the carrier and the secondary wheel and providing an elastic force to the carrier during relative rotation between the carrier and the secondary wheel.