Abstract: A gasification furnace is provided. The gasification furnace includes an outer shell having an outer shell inlet formed at a top of the outer shell and an outer shell outlet formed at a bottom of the outer shell; an inner shell having an inner shell inlet corresponding to the outer shell inlet, and an inner shell outlet corresponding to the outer shell outlet, and being fabricated by a membrane wall having a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet; a nozzle; a lower shell having a slag exhausting port and a gas discharging port; a cooler having a cooling passage formed therein, a cooler water inlet, and a cooler water outlet; a positioning member disposed between the inner shell and an inner bottom wall of the outer shell; and a gas guiding pipe defining an upper end connected with the cooler, and a lower end extended downward.

Abstract: Steam is provided to the primary inlet (16) of an ejector (13), which also receives natural gas at a secondary inlet (28). A computer responds to a signal (37) indicating current in the load of a fuel cell as well as a signal (43) indicating temperature of a steam reformer (10) to move a linear actuator (23) to control a needle (21) that adjusts the size of the steam orifice. Reformate is fed to a separator scrubber (48) which cools the reformate to its dew point indicated by a sensor (71). From that, a controller (25) generates the fuel/carbon ratio for display (84) and to bias a signal on a line (24) regulating the amount of steam passing through an ejector (13) to the inlet (11) of the reformer. Alternatively, the reformate may be cooled to its dew point by a controllable heat exchanger (58a) in response to pressure (94) and temperature (71) signals.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for reforming fuel, the method comprising contacting the fuel to an oxidation catalyst so as to partially oxidize the fuel and generate heat; warming incoming fuel with the heat while simultaneously warming a reforming catalyst with the heat; and reacting the partially oxidized fuel with steam using the reforming catalyst.

Abstract: A method of generating energy from a gas flow, called the initial flow, including water vapour, the method including the deoxidation of at least some of the water vapour by passing the initial gas flow through a layer of material at high temperature, called the thermal base layer, essentially including high-temperature carbon, the deoxidation making it possible to obtain a first gas flow comprising hydrogen obtained by the reaction of the water vapour with the carbon elements. The initial flow may be a gas flow that has served for the treatment of a charge of wood. The hydrogen obtained constitutes an energy source and may then be used to produce energy by a gas boiler, a gas turbine, a fuel cell, a gas-powered engine, a turboalternator, or the like.

Abstract: Systems and methods of reducing refinery carbon dioxide emissions by improving the overall synthesis gas yield in a fluid catalytic cracking unit having a reactor and a regenerator are discussed. In one example, a method comprises introducing spent catalyst and a feed gas comprising oxygen to the regenerator at gasification conditions. The method further comprises heating the spent catalyst to burn coke therefrom to produce a synthesis gas. The method further comprises combining the synthesis gas with a dry gas comprising hydrogen, creating the overall synthesis gas and thereby increasing the yield of the overall synthesis gas produced in the FCC unit.

Abstract: Systems and processes for adjusting hydrogen content of a synthesis gas are provided. At least a portion of carbon monoxide in a syngas can be converted to carbon dioxide to provide a shifted syngas and condensed water. The syngas can have a first hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio and a first temperature, and the shifted syngas can have a second hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio and a second temperature, both greater than the first. Heat from the shifted syngas can be at least partially transferred from the shifted syngas to the condensed water to at least partially vaporize the condensed water. The syngas can be at least partially saturated with the at least partially vaporized condensed water. A ratio of the water vapor to syngas can be about 1.0 or less.

Abstract: A process to prepare a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock containing between 0.1 and 4 wt % ash comprises performing a partial oxidation on a hydrocarbon feed using a multi-orifice burner provided with an arrangement of separate co-annular passages, wherein the hydrocarbon flows through a passage of the burner, an oxidizer gas flows through a separate passage of the burner and wherein the passage for hydrocarbon feed and the passage for oxidizer gas are separated by a passage through which a moderator gas flows and wherein the exit velocity of the moderator gas is greater than the exit velocity of the oxidizer gas.