Abstract: A method of calibrating a crank arm-mounted power meter includes receiving an angle measurement from a first sensor disposed on a crank arm, the angle measurement corresponding to an angular orientation of the crank arm. A predicted load measurement is then calculated based on the angle measurement and weight data for the crank assembly including the crank arm and stored in memory. A load measurement corresponding to a load on the crank arm is obtained and a zero offset value is then calculated by determining a difference between the predicted load measurement and the load measurement. Power calculation logic for determining power applied to the crank arm is then updated using the zero offset value.

Abstract: A kinesitherapy apparatus includes a measuring instrument, a pedaled rotational mechanism, a rotating electrical machine configured to apply an assist load, which is a regenerative load or a power running load, to the pedaled rotational mechanism, and a motion control device. The motion control device performs power running operation of the rotating electrical machine so that a minus assist load is generated in a warm-up period. In a ramp loading period following the warm-up period, the motion control device raises the assist load from the minus assist load, and calculates an anaerobic threshold based on time-series data of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide emission that are obtained via the measuring instrument.

Abstract: Split-crank pedaling devices and methods of operation support patient use and rehabilitation, particularly for stroke patients. A split-crank pedaling device includes first and second crank assemblies. First and second motors are operably connected to the first and second crank assemblies. A first shaft sensor produces an indication of a position of the shaft of the first crank assembly. A second shaft sensor produces an indication of a position of the shaft of the second crank assembly. A controller is communicatively connected to the first and second motors and the first and second shaft sensors and calculates a phase error between the positions of the first and second shafts and a predetermined phase relationship between the first and second shafts. The controller operates at least one of the first motor or the second motor to provide a supplemental torque to one of the first crank assembly and the second crank assembly.

Abstract: The present application relates generally to computer software, mobile electronics, wireless communication links, and wearable monitoring systems. More specifically, techniques, fabrics, materials, systems, sensors, EMG sensors, circuitry, algorithms and methods for wearable monitoring devices and associated exercise apparatus are described. A garment borne sensor system may generate data on a user's performance during exercise, for example, and the data may be analyzed in real time and feedback may be provided to the user based on the analysis. A piece of exercise equipment may be instrumented and in communication with the sensor system or other system and may be controlled in real time to adjust its settings to affect the user during the exercise routine. Communication between the sensor system and other systems may be wireless. Conductive structures formed directly in a fabric of the garment may integrally include sensors, circuitry, controllers, conductive traces, and sensor electronics.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present disclosure, an electromyography (EMG) circuit comprises a difference circuit, rectification circuit, offset removal circuit, and integration circuit. The difference circuit is configured to create an EMG signal based on a difference between two action potential voltages. Creation of the EMG signal introduces a voltage offset, not already present in the action potential voltages, that centers the EMG signal about a non-zero voltage. The rectification circuit is connected to the difference circuit and is configured to rectify the EMG signal about the non-zero voltage to create a rectified EMG signal. The offset removal circuit is configured to remove the voltage offset from the rectified EMG signal to create an adjusted EMG signal. The integration circuit is connected to the offset removal circuit and is configured to integrate the adjusted EMG signal to produce a first EMG output signal for a client device.

Abstract: An assembly, system and method is disclosed for measuring fatigue and durability of a bicycle frame by applying and measuring a precise input of force to a frame. The system of the present invention is configured to measure failure points of different constructions and size of bicycle frames including carbon fiber, aluminum and steel frame constructions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mid-motor drive system for an electric bicycle, which includes a left shell, a right shell, a motor assembly, a gear reduction apparatus, a torque sensor, a central shaft, a controller, and a crankset, and further includes a planetary gear increase apparatus. The gear reduction apparatus is connected to the motor assembly, the planetary gear increase apparatus, and the crankset, the planetary gear increase apparatus is connected to the torque sensor and the central shaft, the torque sensor is connected to the controller, and the controller is connected to the motor assembly. The present invention can allocate an assist ratio of a motor more accurately, so as to achieve the objectives of comfortable riding, energy conservation, and environmental friendliness; meanwhile, a planetary gear increase apparatus is built inside a motor drive system, thereby making a mid-motor drive system more stable and extending a service life.

Abstract: A method of detecting and prompting a human lower limbs stepping motion is applied to an exercise machine with pedals installed to both left and right sides of the exercise machine and provided for detecting a pedaling force while stepping the pedals. In the method, a force sensor is installed to the pedals, such that when an exerciser steps on the pedals by feet alternately, the force sensor detects, generates and transmits an electric signal to a control unit and converts the electric signal into a pedaling force value, and the control unit compares the pedaling force value with a predetermined value and prompts a message when the pedaling force value is beyond the range of the predetermined value.

Abstract: The disclosed invention primarily relates to methods for assisting and motivating persons with respect to various exercise and rehabilitation regimens they might undertake, mentally as well as physically. The invention also has potential application to for diagnosis and/or treatment of certain mental and physical disorders, and in other situations where a form of companionship may be provided the user. In addition the invention herein provides an enjoyable means of social interaction with others providing further motivation for physical and mental activity represented.

Abstract: A weight-lifting exercise machine enables an athlete to lift a mass from an initial resting position. After the athlete releases the mass, the machine cushions the fall of the mass, such that the mass returns to its resting position without assistance from the athlete. The movements of the athlete and the mass can be tracked, preferably by wireless accelerometers attached respectively to the athlete and the mass, and data on such movements can be stored and analyzed. The machine provides a monitor to enable the athlete to track the progress of the exercise, and to determine whether the exercise is being performed correctly.

Abstract: An activity device including an activity sensor for generating an activity interaction signal responsive to a sustained large-muscle physical activity of a user operating the activity device; a controller, coupled to the activity monitor, generating a virtual environment supporting a virtual user frame-of-reference in the virtual environment, the controller generating a set of virtual education elements in the environment and a goal for the set virtual representation with respect to the virtual education elements wherein the controller is responsive to the activity interaction signal to produce an affected interaction of the virtual representation with the virtual education elements with the controller measuring a conformation of the goal by the affected interaction; and a feedback system, coupled to the controller, for presenting the virtual environment with the frame-of-reference in relation to the virtual education elements for providing the user with feedback.

Abstract: A stationary, ergometric exercise apparatus including a hand/foot-operated drive with two drive elements that are operated alternately and a measuring device for measuring the drive force applied to the drive force includes a measuring device for measuring the angular position of the drive, having a pair of sensor devices which are arranged in positions opposite to each other relative to a wheel that is joined to the drive so as to be synchronous in motion with it, which positions each correspond to a position in motion of a load alternation between the two drive elements. A computer receives the signals from the force measuring device and calculates the temporal progress of the drive force, as well as variables that can be derived from it, and alternately output a dedicated right or left limb reading for a person in training depending on the load alternation notified by the measuring device.

Abstract: A system and method for providing visual feedback to a user of an exercise machine for gauging fitness progress of the user. The system provides a user of an exercise machine with a virtual competition in which the user competes against virtual competitors based on his past performances or those of other users, either as an individual or as a member of a team. The team may also be part of a league. For an individual competing against his own past performance(s), the system may raise the level of performance required to win the virtual competition, and may also lower the level of performance required if the user is not performing well on a particular day. For an individual competing against others in either real-time or against designated results, either as part of a team or a league, the system may reduce the isolation, disconnection, and tedium often experienced by users of cardiovascular exercise equipment and provide a social outlet.

Abstract: A system for managing physical training includes: a goal achievement planning module establishing a training goal and a time schedule for a physical training participant on the basis of a profile reflecting physical characteristics of the physical training participant; a section creation module separately creating training items on a section basis according to the training goal and the time schedule of the physical training participant with reference to a predetermined standard; and a management contents creation module creating contents required to manage the physical training of the physical training participant on the basis of physical measurements previously established by the goal achievement planning module and the section creation module and various physical measurements measured from sensors attached to the physical training participant in real-time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ergometer which is particularly suitable for examining a test person or patient in a magnetic resonance apparatus. It comprises at least one drive means which is provided essentially movably and at least one pneumatic piston/cylinder array. The drive means is provided at the piston or the cylinder and pneumatically applied pressure between the piston and the cylinder constitutes a resistance or force to be overcome by the test person or patient by operating the drive means. The resistance or the force necessary to set the drive means in motion, particularly during operation, can be controlled and/or regulated and the piston and the cylinder are sized such that an air cushion is formed between them at least during operation or when they move relative to each other.

Abstract: Method enabling an athlete (3) performing a muscular training exercise to determine a setpoint for the rate of displacement of the displaced mass (2), comprising the following steps: 1) determining at least one initial setpoint rate at which said mass has to be displaced; 2) during the athlete's training exercise, measuring a series of acceleration values (a(n)) using a portable accelerometer (30) according to the displacements of said mass; and 3) depending on said series of acceleration values, having said portable accelerometer calculate at least one modified setpoint rate.

Abstract: The present invention is a portable isometric exercise device with resistance generated by a spring force including an electronic light or sound indicator to signal that a constant force level is being maintained. When a force is applied to the spring and a desired level of resistance is achieved, a continuous signal will be generated to advise the user that the isometric force exercise is being maintained. If the force is reduced, the signal will terminate to advise the user that the user has not maintained the required level of resistance.

Abstract: An exercise bicycle includes a flywheel, a drive train coupled to the flywheel, and pedals coupled to the drive train. A user of the exercise bicycle expends power by exerting force on the pedals to spin the flywheel. The exercise bicycle further includes a power meter. The power meter includes a friction pad comprising a flywheel contact surface in contact with the flywheel and a temperature sensor located within the friction pad. The temperature sensor measures the temperature of the flywheel contact surface. The power meter further includes an output meter coupled to the temperature sensor, the output meter converting a temperature change of the flywheel contact surface as measured by the temperature sensor into a calculated power expended by the user.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a sound source suitable for an exercise state of a user by recognizing the exercise state of the user by measuring heart rate and exercise speed of the user. The method includes: determining a standard heart rate; measuring a heart rate of a user; measuring an exercise speed of the user; comparing the measured heart rate and the standard heart rate; when a difference between the both heart rates is more than a predetermined value, generating compensated exercise speed information based on the difference and the measured exercise speed; and replaying a sound source according to the compensated exercise speed information. According to the exercise state management method, heart rate suitable for the type, intensity, or time of exercise selected by the user and a sound source suitable for exercise speed are provided, thereby improving satisfaction and effectiveness of the exercise.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to systems and methods for providing exercise devices with motivational programming. The programming includes motivational content and control signals, synchronized with the motivational content, for controlling operation of the exercise device. The motivational content includes audio and/or video designed to simulate a group exercise setting and optionally instructional and educational content for the benefit of a user. The control signals can be carried in wireless carrier signals and can include bytes of data that define changes to the value of one or more operating parameters of an exercise device. The control signals can control one or more operating parameters of one or more exercise devices, whether at once, or device specific.

Abstract: A system and method for providing visual feedback to a user of an exercise machine for gauging fitness progress of the user. The system provides a user of an exercise machine with a virtual competition in which the user competes against virtual competitors based on his past performances or those of other users, either as an individual or as a member of a team. The team may also be part of a league. For an individual competing against his own past performance(s), the system may raise the level of performance required to win the virtual competition, and may also lower the level of performance required if the user is not performing well on a particular day. For an individual competing against others in either real-time or against designated results, either as part of a team or a league, the system may reduce the isolation, disconnection, and tedium often experienced by users of cardiovascular exercise equipment and provide a social outlet.

Abstract: Consistency of motion is monitored over a period of time while a person is exercising on an exercise machine that impacts one or more muscles and/or muscle groups of the musculoskeletal system of the person. A measure of fatigue of the one or more muscles and/or muscle groups for the period of time is calculated. An evaluation of the exercise session is provided, based at least in part on the measure of fatigue and the monitored consistency.

Abstract: An exercise and performance evaluation apparatus includes a revolving belt on which a subject can perform bipedal locomotion, a harness for securing the subject at a fixed position relative to the apparatus, a means for measuring the force applied by the subject to the belt, and a means for monitoring and controlling the velocity of the belt. The harnessing of the subject allows monitoring of the velocity as a function of time. An overhead harness may be used to alter the effective mass of the subject. The velocity of the belt may be controlled by a motor and brake system, where the motor may be uni-directional or bi-directional.

Abstract: Real time performance comparison involves identifying predefined route data corresponding to a route. Measured locations are detected while a user traverses the route carrying a mobile device. The measured locations are sent via a network synchronously with the detection of the respective measured locations. Comparative data points are derived based on the predefined route data and the measured locations in response to receiving the measured locations. The comparative data points are sent, via the network, in response to measured locations. The comparative data points allow the user to measure relative performance during the route traversal.

Abstract: A controller is disclosed, especially but not exclusively, for use in combination with an exercise apparatus. The controller comprises in one arrangement a handlebar assembly and one or more input devices, of at least one of the input device being responsive to movement of the handlebars. The controller may include a support such as a handlebar stem, and may provide output signals to a microprocessor in turn to control operation of a programme running on the microprocessor.

Abstract: In accordance with a preferred embodiment, there is provided a system and method for assisting a user complete an exercise program. According to a first aspect, there is provided a system that allows a coach to design an exercise program for an individual client and have that program written to portable non-volatile media that is provided to the client. The client then moves from machine to machine during his or her workout program, in each case first inserting the memory card into the selected machine before starting to exercise. The selected machine, if it is one that has been specified in the client's exercise program, will automatically set its performance parameters to match those on the memory card after which the client will be able to immediately start exercising. Optionally, actual performance data from the user's workout will be written back to the memory card for subsequent printing and/or analysis.

Abstract: A training apparatus is disclosed which allows a trainee to attain a sense of accomplishment by continuing an exercise until a target is reached, without undue strain. A torque motor applies a load to a handle bar, which is driven by the exercise of a trainee. If the movement of the trainee who moves the handle bar is about to stop, then the load is gradually reduced. If the handle bar once again begins to move due to a load reduction, then it is inferred that the trainee has resumed the exercise, and the load at that time is maintained until, for example, the direction of motion of the handle bar changes. By gradually reducing the load at the fatigue limit of the trainee, it is possible to promote the resumption and the continuance of the exercise.

Abstract: A personal training device (10) adapted to assist a user in reaching performance goals, navigating, and accumulating performance statistics. In a preferred embodiment, the device broadly comprises a housing (10); an attachment mechanism (30); a GPS component (40); a user interface (50), including an input portion (52) and an output portion (54); a processor (60), including a timer (62) and a memory element (64); a data interface (70), including an input portion (72) and an output portion (74); an audio component (80); and a power supply (90). The device (10) is adapted to store goal information, monitor performance using GPS-derived data, and communicate performance information.

Abstract: A self-contained, real-time self-use gait therapy device with a gait sensor, actuator, output speaker, and battery receptacle enclosed in a component case with a belt clip. Based upon step duration, step impact force, or step form data generated by the gait sensor, the actuator drives the speaker, producing beeps on a real-time basis with the pitch of each beep being a function of the step duration, step impact force, or step form for each step of the user. The speaker output is monitored and used by the user on a real-time basis to modify and improve his or her gait.

Abstract: A method of creating rigid cards (32) having an exercise routine (58) thereon for use by a user (26). The rigid cards (32) are prepared utilizing a computer (34) in communication with a database (40). A plurality of exercises (54) are determined and the exercises (54) are input into the computer (34) to define the exercise routine (58) specific to the user (26). A unique identifier (60) specific to the user (26) is input into the computer (34) and linked to the exercise routine (58). The unique identifier (60) and the exercise routine (58) are stored in the database (40) and printed on the rigid card (32). The method further includes modifying the exercise routine (58) and inputting the modified exercise routine into the computer (34) to define an alternative exercise routine (144). The alternative exercise routine (144) is linked to the unique identifier (60) and stored in the database (40). The unique identifier (60) and the alternative exercise routine (144) are printed on a second rigid card (116).

Abstract: An exercise device is configured to enable a user to interact with a trainer in real-time communication. The exercise device includes an exercise mechanism having a movable element for movement in performance of exercise by a user. Communicating with the exercise mechanism is an interface adapted for gathering a first real-time signal from the user. The interface communicates with a communication system for receiving a packetized second real-time signal including a synchronized control signal from the trainer. The exercise device includes an output device configured to reproduce the second real-time signal. The control signals carried by the second signal are used to control the operating parameters of the exercise mechanism in real-time.

Abstract: An electronic agility training system, including an array of multilayer, flexible footfall portions, a microprocessor operationally connected footfall portions, a user interface connected to the microprocessor, a pressure sensor positioned in each respective footfall portion and connected to the microprocessor, and a light source positioned in each respective footfall portion and operationally connected to the microprocessor. The microprocessor is programmed to receive user information and to sequentially light respective footfall portions in one of a plurality of predetermined patterns and speeds. Actuation of the pressure sensor positioned in a lit footfall portion generates a first signal to the microprocessor, while actuation of the pressure sensor positioned in an unlit footfall portion generates a second signal. Likewise, a null activation of the pressure sensor positioned in a lit footfall portion generates a second signal to the microprocessor.

Abstract: A portable system retrieves one or more exercise programs from a remote communication system that provides motivational content for a user exercising upon an exercise mechanism. The exercise program further includes at least one control signal that controls one or more operating parameters of the exercise mechanism. The portable system includes a control device configured to retrieve the exercise program and deliver the motivational content to the user by way of an audio delivery device, while delivering the control signals to the exercise mechanism. A sensor communicates with the control device and tracks one or more measurable parameters of the user during the user's performance of the exercise program. Data representative of the one or more measurable parameters can be delivered to the control device for delivery to the remote communication system.

Abstract: An exercise system includes a local system having an exercise apparatus and an associated local computer, where the local computer controls and monitors the operation and use, respectively, of the exercise apparatus. The system further includes a remote system having a remote computer, and a transmission medium including a telephone line that couples the local system to the remote system for data communication between the local system and the remote system. The remote system may receive local system data from the local system concerning the use of the exercise apparatus, and the local system may receive remote system data from the remote system concerning the operation of the exercise apparatus. The local computer preferably controls the operation of the exercise apparatus based upon a modifiable script stored in a read/write memory of the local computer, which can be updated by the remote system.

Abstract: An exercise and performance evaluation apparatus includes a revolving belt on which a subject can perform bipedal locomotion, a harness for securing the subject at a fixed position relative to the apparatus, a means for measuring the force applied by the subject to the belt, and a means for monitoring and controlling the velocity of the belt. The harnessing of the subject allows monitoring of the velocity as a function of time. An overhead harness may be used to alter the effective mass of the subject. The velocity of the belt may be controlled by a motor and brake system, where the motor may be uni-directional or bi-directional.

Abstract: A personal training device (10) adapted to assist a user in reaching performance goals, navigating, and accumulating performance statistics. In a preferred embodiment, the device broadly comprises a housing (10); an attachment mechanism (30); a GPS component (40); a user interface (50), including an input portion (52) and an output portion (54); a processor (60), including a timer (62) and a memory element (64); a data interface (70), including an input portion (72) and an output portion (74); an audio component (80); and a power supply (90). The device (10) is adapted to store goal information, monitor performance using GPS-derived data, and communicate performance information.

Abstract: A method for providing a feedback-controlled exercise routine for a user by providing a predetermined sequence of movements for the user; sensing movements of the user during the sequence; measuring data related to the sensed movements; and evaluating the data to determine whether to repeat or modify the routine. The method can also include storing the user's exercise routine on a user key, displaying exercise instructions to the user from the user key to illustrate the sequence of movements, with the evaluation of the data including modifying the displayed exercise instructions, and storing an updated user exercise routine after successful completion of the routine, wherein the updated routine includes the modified exercise instructions.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exercise-data management system, which comprises a wristband 8 including an IC chip 7 recording therein unique information for authenticating a participant, a studio gate 3 set up in a studio and adapted to wirelessly receive and read the unique information recorded in the IC chip, and an exercise-data management server apparatus 4. The studio gate 3 is operable, when the unique information is read, to transmit information indicating the read to the exercise-data management server apparatus 4.

Abstract: A method and system provides a customized exercise (conditioning) program for the user using a computer. A plurality of different measurements (parameters) are input using the computer, and based on these measurements, a computer program generates a customized exercise program for the user. In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the customized exercise program may be specific to conditioning the body or a particular body part of the user, or conditioning the user for a particular sport where both exercise program embodiments may include an optional nutrition plan, or alternatively the nutrition plan may generated independently. Advantageously, the computer program provides an efficient, customized conditioning (exercise) program for the user that enables a great amount of flexibility and convenience for the user.

Abstract: An exercise machine that varies a resistive load based on sensed changes in intensity of exercise. In one example, an electronic control system of a stationary bicycle adjusts a flywheel resistive load based on changes in the user's pedal cadence. During the exercise routine, subsequent increases or decreases in the pedal cadence cause, respectively, increases or decreases in the flywheel resistive load. In addition, the control system may execute the exercise routine after actuation of a single input key. In another embodiment, the user may simply start to exercise. The electronic control system may calculate a default flywheel resistive load based on initialization parameters, such as demographic data and/or exercise preferences.

Abstract: Systems and methods that provide two-way communication between an exercise device and a computer device. A computer device and an exercise device employ different protocol formats and communicate through a translator device, which includes a microcontroller specifically designed to translate data or signals deliverable by different communication protocols. The exercise device, the computer device, or a user at either the exercise or computer device may initiate the communication.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus includes a frame, an arm supporting member, and a leg supporting member. A sensor is connected to at least one of the arm supporting member and the leg supporting member, and/or a resilient member is interconnected between the arm supporting member and either the leg supporting member or the frame. The sensor communicates with a user display and/or a resistance device to indicate the amounts of work performed by the arm supporting member and the leg supporting member, and/or to adjust resistance to movement of the leg supporting member as a function of user force applied against the arm supporting member. The resilient member encourages synchronization of the arm supporting member and the leg supporting member, while allowing some relative movement therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to systems and methods for providing exercise devices with motivational programming. The programming includes motivational content and control signals, synchronized with the motivational content, for controlling operation of the exercise device. The motivational content includes audio and/or video designed to simulate a group exercise setting and optionally instructional and educational content for the benefit of a user. The control signals can be carried in wireless carrier signals and can include bytes of data that define changes to the value of one or more operating parameters of an exercise device. The control signals can control one or more operating parameters of one or more exercise devices, whether at once, or device specific.

Abstract: A virtual reality system transposes a user's position and movement in real space to virtual space. The virtual reality system includes a locomotion interface that outputs signals indicative of a user's position in real space. The locomotion interface includes a pressure-sensing mat having a base layer, a plurality of pressure sensing elements formed over the base layer, a top layer formed over the plurality of pressure-sensing elements, and an input interface formed between the base layer and the top layer. The locomotion interface further includes a base around which the pressure sensing mat is disposed, the base structure being fixed in a first position but freely moveable in a second position. The plurality of pressure sensing elements output a signal indicative of pressure applied to the top layer.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention include a controller circuit for an exercise machine, where the controller circuit includes a board mounted transformer having tolerances near or below the inrush current generally present in activating one or more cooling fans. According to one embodiment, the controller circuit attempts to power on a subsequent fan after the sum of the inrush or steady state current of presently operating fan or fans, and the inrush current generally associated with powering on the subsequent fan, is within the tolerances of the transformer.

Abstract: Exercise apparatus, including treadmills having an endless loop belt driven by an electric motor to exercise the user, has a dual function common stop switch assembly at a singular location on a control console, which assembly has first and second switches each actuatable separately from each other to independently stop the exercise movement member such as a treadbelt. The construction eliminates separately located stop switches.

Abstract: An exercise device is configured to enable a user to interact with a trainer in real-time communication. The exercise device includes an exercise mechanism having a movable element for movement in performance of exercise by a user. Communicating with the exercise mechanism is an interface adapted for gathering a first real-time signal from the user. The interface communicates with a communication system for receiving a packetized second real-time signal including a synchronized control signal from the trainer. The exercise device includes an output device configured to reproduce the second real-time signal. The control signals carried by the second signal are used to control the operating parameters of the exercise mechanism in real-time.

Abstract: A system and method of hierarchical monitoring for subordinate assessment is described. Generally, the system receives remotely sensed data about a user's physiology and contextual state, and extracts features that are related to the workload currently being experienced by a single subordinate and/or group of subordinates. The system builds workload indices based on levels of these features. The system uses statistical process control techniques in conjunction with the workload indices to identify suboptimal user states. Information regarding a particular subordinate or the group of subordinates may be presented in a variety of different ways. As a result, a superior can easily determine the condition of the one or more subordinates and make task adjustments to influence workload levels.

Abstract: Instrumented orthoses with more sophisticated structures provide for coordinated support and rehabilitation of complex joints and multiple injured joints. Improved instrumented orthoses can include hinges that can rotate in multiple different planes. Particularly preferred embodiments include a shoulder brace with a hand hold and a lower extremities brace. Preferably, a control unit monitors the output of transducers used to instrument the brace. A patient can be prompted by the control unit for the performance of a variety of different monitored exercises.

Abstract: A virtual reality system transposes a user's position and movement in real space to virtual space. The virtual reality system includes a locomotion interface that outputs signals indicative of a user's position in real space. The locomotion interface includes a pressure-sensing mat having a base layer, a plurality of pressure sensing elements formed over the base layer, and a top layer formed over the plurality of pressure-sensing elements, and a base around which the pressure sensing mat is disposed, the pressure-sensing mat being freely moveable about the base. The plurality of pressure sensing elements output a signal indicative of pressure applied to the top layer. A virtual reality processor uses the signals output by the locomotion interface to produce an output indicative of the user's position in the virtual space corresponding to the user's position and movement in the real space. A display uses the output from the virtual reality processor to produce an image of the virtual space.