Abstract: When manufacturing bags from tubular paper sections of a single layer or multiple layers, at least one end of each flat, tubular section is expanded into a bottom square. Lateral flaps formed in this way are folded such that they overlap and partially cover corner flaps. In order to easily bond expanded bottom squares together, the regions of the tubular sections which are to be bonded together are provided with coatings of thermoplastic which are heated and pressed together.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing cross bottom sacks from laid-flat tubular sections consists of a frame having:- a table, means for holding the tubular section thereon in a processing station where the ends of the tubular section become opened out into a bottom square or rectangle, a suction gap arranged in the table in the zone of one of the ends of the tubular section, and suction means mounted in the frame above the suction gap and which is able to be raised and lowered for opening one end of the tubular section. Above the plane of the tubular section situated in the processing station, a slide can be extended and retracted over the table in the direction of the median line of the tubular section, the median line of the slide defining with the median line of the tubular section a plane perpendicular to the plane of the tubular section. The width of the slide is less than the interspacing of the hypotenuses of the two opened-out corner folds from each other.

Abstract: A cargo container comprising a container body defining an interior cargo space, a flexible and expandable liner secured inside the container body, a bulkhead positioned in the container body and held against the liner, and bracing apparatus to brace the bulkhead in the cargo container. A first embodiment of the bracing apparatus includes a plurality of vertical beams connected to a floor of the container body, horizontally spaced apart and vertically extending upward against the bulkhead; and a multitude of cross beams connected to the vertical beam to held hold those beams upright. A second embodiment of the bracing apparatus includes a plurality of upwardly extending straps and a plurality of laterally extending straps.

Abstract: A bag construction comprising an outer bag and an inner bag contained therewithin and a method of making the same. The bag has an independent unitary construction. The bag construction is made from a tube length having inner and outer portions, by cross sealing the inner portion and folding the outer portion into a rectangularly shaped bottom.

Abstract: The bottom of a gusseted, square-bottom bag is sealed by applying a fin seal, a cross seal which intersects the fin seal, and a third seal at the intersection of the fin seal and the cross seal.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing a trapezoidally-shaped paper bag comprises a cutting and processing device to form a continuous line of blanks in a paper strip, left and right guide rail units for raising up the side flaps of successive blanks, left and right folding ruler members arranged in an inverted V in the direction of advance of the paper strip, a base rod for causing forward and backward reciprocating movement of the left and right ruler members on the upper surface of the blank being processed between the guide rail units, and inwardly and outwardly reciprocating left and right sliding plates for folding up the side folding flaps of the blank by moving inwardly over the left and right ruler members, respectively, in an overlapping relation.