Abstract: A catalyst for the gas phase oxidation of organic hydrocarbons comprises a multielement oxide which comprises at least one transition meal such as vanadium, wherein the catalyst has a charge transport activation energy Ec at a temperature of 375 to 425° C. of less than 0 kJ/mol. The catalyst serves for preparation of maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A method for providing superadsorption of polar organic compounds using a material system is provided. The method can comprise enhancing adsorption by means of using high surface area and mass transfer rates and decreased reactivity at surface sites attractive to the polar compounds; and employing consequence management by maintaining a high rate of adsorptivity combined with high fidelity and accuracy of the material system. A modified superadsorbent material for air sampling applications comprising a superadsorbent material treated with a solution, thereby forming a treated superadsorbent material, wherein the treated superadsorbent material is substantially hydrophobic and is capable of adsorbing polar compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is the catalytic dehydration of lactic acid to acrylic acid, which is characterized by a high conversion of lactic acid, a high selectivity for acrylic acid, a high yield of acrylic acid, and correspondingly low selectivity and molar yields for undesired by-products. This is achieved with a particular class of catalysts defined by a mixture of metal-containing phosphate salts that together provide the catalyst with a very high basicity density and low acidity density. Further, the catalyst is believed to be stable and active for lengthy periods heretofore unseen in the art for such dehydration processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst carrier having excellent durability and capable of attaining high catalytic ability without increasing the specific surface area thereof, and a catalyst obtainable by using the catalyst carrier. The catalyst carrier of the present invention comprises a metal oxycarbonitride, preferably the metal contained in the metal oxycarbonitride comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tin, indium, platinum, tantalum, zirconium, copper, iron, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, hafnium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, manganese, cerium, mercury, plutonium, gold, silver, iridium, palladium, yttrium, ruthenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, and nickel. Moreover, the catalyst of the present invention comprises the catalyst carrier and a catalyst metal supported on the catalyst carrier.

Abstract: Catalysts of the invention are not corroded in acidic electrolytes or at high potential and have excellent durability and high oxygen reducing ability. The catalysts include a niobium oxycarbonitride represented by a compositional formula NbCxNyOz (wherein x, y and z represent a ratio of the numbers of the atoms, 0.05?x<0.7, 0.01?y<0.7, 0.4?z<2.5, 1.0<x+y+z<2.56, and 4.0?4x+3y+2z).

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes a substantially pillar-shaped honeycomb unit having cells defined by cell walls. The cell walls include silicon carbide particles having a nitrogen-containing layer provided on surfaces of the silicon carbide particles. A method of manufacturing a honeycomb structure includes preparing paste containing silicon carbide particles. The paste is molded to form a honeycomb molded body. The honeycomb molded body is fired in an inert atmosphere containing no nitrogen to obtain a substantially pillar-shaped honeycomb unit having cells defined by cell walls. The honeycomb unit is heated in an environment containing nitrogen to provide a nitrogen-containing layer on surfaces of the silicon carbide particles forming the cell walls.

Abstract: The present invention provides a preparation process of complex oxides catalyst containing Mo, Bi, Fe and Co, which comprising steps as following: dissolving precursor compounds of the components for catalyst and complexing agent in water to obtain a solution, and then drying, molding and calcining the solution to obtain catalyst. The catalyst is used for gas phase oxidation of light alkenes to unsaturated aldehydes. The catalyst has high activity, selectivity and stability. The reaction condition is mild. The preparation process of the catalyst is easy to operate and can be used for mass production.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ammoxidation catalyst containing vanadium oxide, titanium oxide and diamond.

Abstract: A catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of a paraffin to form an olefin, the catalyst having a general formula MoaVbXcYdOn wherein: X=at least one of Nb and Ta; Y=at least one of Te, Sb, Ga, Pd, W, Bi and Al; a=1.0; b=0.05 to 1.0; c=0.001 to 1.0; d=0.001 to 1.0; and n is determined by the oxidation states of the other elements. The catalyst may have a selectivity to the olefin of at least 90 mole % at a paraffin conversion of at least 65%.

Abstract: A process for forming a catalyst useful for the production of an olefin from a hydrocarbon is disclosed. The process may include: admixing at least one of elemental metals and compounds to form a multi-metal composition comprising Mo, V, Nb, Te and at least one of Ni and Sb; adjusting the pH of the multi-metal composition by adding nitric acid; drying the acidified multi-metal composition; calcining the dried multi-metal composition; and grinding the calcined multi-metal composition. The ground multi-metal composition may then be sized or shaped to form a mixed metal oxide catalyst. Alternatively, the ground multi-metal composition may be treated with an acid, optionally annealed, and sized or shaped to form a mixed metal oxide catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst system for generating at least one polyol from a feedstock comprising saccharide is disclosed. Generating the polyol involves, contacting hydrogen, water, and a feedstock comprising saccharide, with a catalyst system to generate an effluent stream comprising at least one polyol and recovering the polyol from the effluent stream. The catalyst system comprises at least one metal component with an oxidation state greater than or equal to 2+.

Abstract: The invention provides a process which enables, in preparation of acrolein by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of propylene in the presence of molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas or in preparation of acrylic acid by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of acrolein in the presence of molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas, using single kind of atalyst, to suppress occurrence of localized extraordinarily high temperature spots (hot spots) in the catalyst layer and can stably maintain high acrolein or acrylic acid yield for a long time. The process is characterized by use of an oxide catalyst containing molybdenum as an essential component and having relative standard deviation of its particle size in a range of 0.02 to 0.20.

Abstract: The present invention provides a preparation process of complex oxides catalyst containing Mo, Bi, Fe and Co, which comprising steps as following: dissolving precursor compounds of the components for catalyst and complexing agent in water to obtain a solution, and then drying, molding and calcining the solution to obtain catalyst. The catalyst is used for gas phase oxidation of light alkenes to unsaturated aldehydes. The catalyst has high activity, selectivity and stability. The reaction condition is mild. The preparation process of the catalyst is easy to operate and can be used for mass production.

Abstract: A method of producing a catalyst carrier. The method comprises contacting a silicon-containing ceramic material with a solution of an aluminum containing metal compound, firing the resulting material, immersing the material in hot water and, again firing the material.

Abstract: There is disclosed a production process for a catalyst which process makes it possible to efficiently carry out the supporting of a catalytic component onto a carrier and to obtain the catalyst excellent in quality and performance. This production process is a production process for the catalyst including a particulate lump carrier and a catalytic component supported thereon; with the production process comprising the step of carrying out simultaneous revolution and rocking of a treatment container 20 as charged with the carrier and a catalyst precursor including the catalytic component, thereby supporting the catalytic component onto the carrier.

Abstract: Novel, chiral diarsine compounds, which are present in the (R)- or (S)- or (rac)-form, of the formula ##STR1## wherein R signifies an optionally substituted aryl from the group of phenyI, naphthyl, furyl and thienyl; C.sub.3-8 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.1-8 -alkyl;R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 each independently signify C.sub.1-8 -alkyl, C.sub.1-8 -alkoxy, aryloxy, F or Cl,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently also signify hydrogen orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together signify tetramethylene or a benzo or benzofuro system or dioxymethylene on the respective benzene ring; orR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together signify dioxymethylene,and the manufacture of the diarsine compounds of formula I, as well as complexes of the compounds of formula I with Group VIII metal and their use for enantioselective reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a supported catalyst for gas-phase reactions having an inert support body and a surface coating comprisinga) at least 5% by weight of silicon carbide,b) from 5 to 90% by weight, calculated as oxide, of one or more titanium dioxide or zirconium oxide components or mixtures thereof,c) from 1 to 50% by weight, calculated as V.sub.2 O.sub.5, of one or more vanadium oxide components,d) from 0 to 10% by weight, calculated as oxide, of one or more compounds of elements of the 1st and 5th main groups of the Periodic Table, and also a process for its preparation and its use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing solutions of oligomeric methylaluminoxanes, which contain trimethylaluminum in the free and/or complexed form, in hydrocarbons by partial hydrolysis of trimethylaluminum with water and to carrying out this process in a rotor/stator reaction machine.The product obtained is suitable for preparing highly active polymerization catalysts.

Abstract: Supported non-oxide metal carbide-containing catalysts are provided which comprise: (a) an oxide support, such as alumina or cordierite; (b) a passivating layer of a ceramic, such as silicon carbide; and (c) a non-oxide metal ceramic catalytic component, such as a Group VI metal carbide or nitride, preferably tungsten carbide or molybdenum carbide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for producing phthalic anhydride by gas phase catalytic oxidation of o-xylene and/or naphthalene with molecular oxygen or gas containing molecular oxygen and, to a process for producing phthalic anhydride by using said catalyst. The catalyst is made by supporting, on a heat-resistant inorganic carrier, a catalytic active substance which comprises: vanadium oxide; anatase type titanium dioxide having specific surface area of 10 to 60 m.sup.2 /g; niobium; at least one element selected from potassium, cesium, rubidium and thallium; phosphorus; and antimony. The catalytic active substance is prepared by using a five-valent antimony compound as an antimony source. The process for producing phthalic anhydride comprises use of said catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic system and to a method of producing such a system.The catalytic system consists of a support on which the catalytically active product is deposited. The support has mechanical or physical properties which are of interest in terms of the required working conditions, but a poor specific surface area. The catalytically active product, a metallic carbide, is obtained by coating the support in a suspension of a reducible compound of the metal in a solution of an organic compound, carbonizing this compound, reducing the metallic compound and carburizing the metal. The carbide thus obtained has a high specific surface area.Preferably, the support consists of silicon carbide produced by carbonizing a paste containing silicon, carbon and an organic resin.The invention is applicable to any form of catalyst but in particular to the monolithic catalysts intended for treating exhaust gases.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a catalytically active material composed of 1 to 20 parts by weight as V.sub.2 O.sub.5 of vanadium oxide, 99 to 80 parts by weight of anatase-type titanium oxide being porous and having a particle diameter substantially of 0.4 to 0.7 micron and a specific surface area of 10 to 60 m.sup.2 /g, and per 100 parts by weight of the sum of said two components, 0.01 to 1 part by weight as Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 of niobium oxide, 0.05 to 1.2 parts by weight as an oxide of at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of potassium, cesium, rubidium and thallium, and 0.2 to 1.2 parts by weight as P.sub.2 O.sub.5 of phosphorus, and a porous carrier having an alumina content of not more than 10% by weight, a silicon carbide content of at least 80% by weight and an apparent porosity of at least 10% supporting said catalytically active material thereon, wherein the total volume of pores having a diameter of 0.15 to 0.

Abstract: There is disclosed a catalytic composition represented by the formula:(Mo).sub.a (W).sub.b (Bi).sub.c (Pb).sub.d (Sb).sub.e (A).sub.f (B).sub.g (C).sub.h (P).sub.m (O).sub.nin which A is iron and/or chromium, B is cerium and/or magnesium and C is potassium and/or lithium; and a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, m and n stand for the numbers of atoms for molybdenum, tungsten, bismuth, lead, antimony, A, B, C, phosphorus and oxygen elements respectively, wherein, given that a+b=12,0.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.7, 0.4.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.7, 2.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.12,0.1/22.ltoreq.e/a.ltoreq.25/22, 0.05/22.ltoreq.f/a.ltoreq.3/22,0.ltoreq.g/a.ltoreq.2/22, 0.ltoreq.h/a.ltoreq.3/22,0.ltoreq.m/a.ltoreq.7/22, andn is the numbers of oxygen necessary to satisfy the valences of atoms for the individual constituent elements other than oxygen.