Abstract: System for emergency cooling of a nuclear reactor. The system uses passive convection cooling and endothermic reactant cooling.

Abstract: A precursor mixture for producing a porous body, wherein the precursor mixture comprises: (i) milled alpha alumina powder having a particle size of 0.1 to 6 microns, (ii) boehmite powder that functions as a binder of the alpha alumina powders, and (iii) burnout materials having a particle sizes of 1-10 microns. In some embodiments, an unmilled alpha alumina powder having a particle size of 10 to 100 microns is also included in said precursor mixture. Also described herein is a method for producing a porous body in which the above-described precursor mixture is formed to a given shape, and subjected to a heat treatment step in which the formed shape is sintered to produce the porous body.

Abstract: A catalyst for oxidation reaction of metallic mercury and reduction reaction of nitrogen oxide, comprising an oxide of titanium, an oxide of molybdenum, an oxide of vanadium, an oxide of phosphorus and gypsum is obtained by kneading titanium dioxide, ammonium molybdate, ammonium metavanadate, phosphoric acid, gypsum dihydrate and water using a kneader to obtain a paste, applying the paste to a metal lath substrate, and then drying and calcining the resultant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing alkylene oxides, which is a supported silver catalyst having a novel promoter combination. The present invention further relates to a process for producing the catalyst and the use of the catalyst for the oxidation of alkylenes to alkylene oxides. In addition, the present invention relates to a process for preparing ethylene oxide from ethylene, which comprises the oxidation of ethylene in the presence of the stated catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for fireproofing textiles based on a composition having two components comprising: a component A comprising at least one phosphorous compound; and a component B comprising urea and at least one pH buffer, optionally with an oxidizing agent. Said method for fireproofing textiles includes the steps of immersing said textiles in said composition, and of heating, oxidizing and then washing said textiles, which then have excellent human-ecological, comfort, and durable fireproofing properties.

Abstract: A catalyst for the epoxidation of an olefin comprising a carrier and deposited on the carrier, silver, a promoting amount of one or more promoters selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and rhenium and a promoting amount of nickel, wherein the nickel is added as a nickel compound or nickel complex during the initial impregnation along with the silver and other promoters; including a process for preparing the catalyst; a process for preparing an olefin oxide by reacting a feed comprising an olefin and oxygen in the presence of the catalyst; and a process for preparing a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, a 1,2-carbonate, or an alkanolamine.

Abstract: Reactive diluent fluid (22) is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or “syngas”) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (“POX”) reactor (12) to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted (26) with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit (30) such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst comprising a ceramic support with a BET surface area of less than 40 m2/g and (a) 1.0 to 100 g of at least one metal of groups 8 to 12 of the periodic table of the elements, (b) 1.0 g to 100 g of at least one metal of groups 4 to 6 and 12 of the periodic table of the elements and (c) 1.0 g to 100 g of at least one metal of groups 14 and 15 of the periodic table of the elements per litre of bulk volume of the ceramic support, wherein the catalyst is additionally doped with (d) potassium in a content of from 0.0050% by weight to 0.20% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst. The present invention also provides the use of such a catalyst in the catalytic gas phase hydrogenation of nitroaromatics.

Abstract: The Cu- and Ti-containing composition of the present invention contains titanium oxide including rutile-crystal-type titanium oxide, and a divalent copper compound, wherein the rutile-crystal-type titanium oxide exhibits the most intense diffraction peak attributed to rutile-type titanium oxide having a full width at half maximum of 0.65° or less, in a Cu—K? line X-ray diffraction pattern, which is obtained by plotting intensity of diffraction line with respect to diffraction angle 2?. The composition exhibits excellent anti-viral property under light and in the dark, and excellent organic compound degradability under light.

Abstract: The present invention provides porous body precursors and shaped porous bodies. Also included are catalysts and other end-use products based upon the shaped porous bodies and thus the porous body precursors. Finally, processes for making these are provided. The porous body precursors comprise a precursor alumina blend capable of enhancing one or more properties of a shaped porous body based thereupon. The need to employ modifiers to achieve a similar result may thus be substantially reduced, or even avoided, and cost savings are thus provided, as well as savings in time and equipment costs.

Abstract: A catalyst for NOx storage and reduction may include a carrier that contains alkali metal and Al, or alkali earth metal and Al, a NOx storage element of alkali metal, alkali earth metal or rare earth element, and one or more noble metals that are selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ru, Ag, Au and Rh. The catalyst for NOx storage and reduction shows excellent NOx storage and reduction capability, maintains excellent storage and reduction capability especially before and after deterioration and sulfation, and shows excellent catalytic activity under low temperature environment, while maintaining unusually high hydrophobicity.

Abstract: A method for producing epoxidation catalysts is provided. The catalyst comprises a support, a catalytic species, maganese and at least one alkali metal and/or promoter. The catalytic species may be silver. The catalyst is prepared by a method wherein at least a portion of the manganese is impregnated in a step separate from the at least one alkali metal and/or promoter. Advantageously, catalysts produced by the present method may exhibit greater efficiencies than catalysts produced by conventional methods. A method for the epoxidation of alkylenes using the catalysts so produced is provided as is a method for using the alkylene oxides for the production of 1,2-diols, 1,2-carbonates, 1,2-diol ethers, or alka-nolamines.

Abstract: Provided is a silver-supported alumina catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides using ethanol, which has the drawbacks of the conventional silver-supported alumina catalysts improved, has high performance, is not likely to deteriorate over time, and has excellent initial performance and durability. A catalyst for purifying nitrogen oxides, which purifies nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas using an alcohol as a reducing agent, and contains alumina, aluminum sulfate and silver as main components.

Abstract: Use of physical vapor deposition methodologies to deposit nanoscale gold on activating support media makes the use of catalytically active gold dramatically easier and opens the door to significant improvements associated with developing, making, and using gold-based, catalytic systems. The present invention, therefore, relates to novel features, ingredients, and formulations of gold-based, heterogeneous catalyst systems generally comprising nanoscale gold deposited onto a nanoporous support.

Abstract: Heterogeneous catalyst systems, methods of making these systems, and methods of using these systems, wherein catalytically active gold is deposited onto composite support media. The composite support media is formed by providing nanoporous material on at least a portion of the surfaces of carbonaceous host material. In representative embodiments, relatively fine, nanoporous guest particles are coated or otherwise provided on surfaces of relatively coarser activated carbon particles. Catalytically active gold may be deposited onto one or both of the guest or host materials either before or after the guest and host materials are combined to from the composite host material. PVD is the preferred catalyst system of depositing gold.

Abstract: In a process for forming a bulk hydroprocessing catalyst by sulfiding a catalyst precursor made in a co-precipitation reaction, up to 60% of the metal precursor feeds do not react to form catalyst precursor and end up in the supernatant. In the present disclosure, the metals can be recovered in an electro-coagulation reactor, wherein portion of the metal residuals in the supernatant reacts with the electrodes to form a slurry containing insoluble metal compounds. The insoluble metal compounds are isolated and recovered, forming an effluent stream. The insoluble metal compounds and/or the effluent stream can be further treated to form at least a metal precursor feed which can be used in the co-precipitation reaction.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing carbon monoxide by a water-gas shift (WGS) reaction and a method for reducing carbon dioxide by a reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction, both using a catalyst of the formula xMZLn2O2SOy, in which M, Ln, x, and y are as defined herein. Also disclosed are novel compositions for use as catalysts for both the WGS and RWGS reactions.

Abstract: A molten salt-type exhaust gas purification catalyst has, as a catalyst component, a first composite metal oxide of cesium and vanadium, and a sulfate containing cesium and an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: Use of physical vapor deposition methodologies to deposit nanoscale gold on activating support media makes the use of catalytically active gold dramatically easier and opens the door to significant improvements associated with developing, making, and using gold-based, catalytic systems. The present invention, therefore, relates to novel features, ingredients, and formulations of gold-based, heterogeneous catalyst systems generally comprising nanoscale gold deposited onto a nanoporous support.

Abstract: Improved catalysts for oxidation of sulfur dioxide which are alkali metal-promoted vanadium catalysts which are further promoted by gold. Improved methods employing such catalyst for oxidation of sulfur dioxide and for manufacture of sulfuric acid. Improved methods for multiple step oxidation of sulfur dioxide in which the last oxidation step is carried out employing improved catalysts of this invention at temperatures lower than 400° C.

Abstract: Heterogeneous catalyst systems, methods of making these systems, and methods of using these systems, wherein catalytically active gold is deposited onto composite support media. The composite support media is formed by providing nanoporous material on at least a portion of the surfaces of carbonaceous host material. In representative embodiments, relatively fine, nanoporous guest particles are coated or otherwise provided on surfaces of relatively coarser activated carbon particles. Catalytically active gold may be deposited onto one or both of the guest or host materials either before or after the guest and host materials are combined to from the composite host material. PVD is the preferred catalyst system of depositing gold.

Abstract: A method to obtain a catalyst of transition metals supported on a carbonaceous material, via impregnation, with a solution of metal-thiourea complex, obtained from precursor salts. The formation of the sulfur on the surface of the support occurs through the thermal decomposition of the complex. The obtained catalysts are applicable toward the direct liquefaction of coal.

Abstract: The proposed methods are exemplarily utilized in uranium hydrometallurgy for selective extraction of uranium out of ore by in situ or heap leaching. According to the disclosure, the methods encompass catalytic oxidation of U4+ to U6+ using a proposed oxidizing catalyst “Muhamedzhan-1”, filtration of this solution through ore, transferring hexavalent uranium, trivalent iron, and other metal ions into a production solution, extraction of uranium yielding a barren solution and re-circulation of this solution back for ore leaching. The methods essentially improve known technologies by employing “Muhamedzhan-1”, being a solution of d- and f-mixed valence metal salts (MLn, wherein M=Fe, U, Cu, Mn, and L=NO3?, SO42?Cl?, Br?, I?) and alkali metal halogenides (MX, wherein M=Na+, Na+, K+, and X=Cl?, Br?, I?) used as an oxidizing agent, with the weight ratio of MLn: 0.01-25.0%, MX: 0.01-12.5%, and solvent: balance.

Abstract: The invention makes use of an exhaust gas catalyst, comprising an active component comprising at least one type of metal from noble metals and transition metals; NOx-absorbing material for absorbing and releasing nitrogen oxides according to the surrounding nitrogen oxide concentration; and compounds represented by A2O2SO4 and/or A2O2S (A is a rare earth element).

Abstract: A method includes contacting a catalyst including a metal having an average particle size of approximately one nanometer or greater with SO2; and reducing the average particle size of the metal.

Abstract: Methods are described for conversion of carbohydrate polymers, including cellulose, that yield monosaccharide products, including glucose. Catalyst compositions that include functionalized metal/metal oxide clusters on cerium oxide nanostructures are described which provides product yields, e.g., greater that 50% in a single step process.

Abstract: Reactive diluent fluid (22) is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or “syngas”) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (“POX”) reactor (12) to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted (26) with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit (30) such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the oxidation of SO2 to SO3. The catalyst contains an active substance which contains vanadium, alkali metal compounds and sulfate applied to a support. The support contains naturally occurring diatomaceous earth, wherein the support contains at least one relatively soft naturally occurring uncalcined diatomaceous earth which has a percentage reduction of at least 35% in its D50 value determined in a particle size determination according to the dry method in comparison with the wet method.

Abstract: Use of physical vapor deposition methodologies to deposit nanoscale gold on activating support media makes the use of catalytically active gold dramatically easier and opens the door to significant improvements associated with developing, making, and using gold-based, catalytic systems. The present invention, therefore, relates to novel features, ingredients, and formulations of gold-based, heterogeneous catalyst systems generally comprising nanoscale gold deposited onto a nanoporous support.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing carbon monoxide by a water-gas shift (WGS) reaction and a method for reducing carbon dioxide by a reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction, both using a catalyst of the formula xMZLn2O2SOy, in which M, Ln, x, and y are as defined herein. Also disclosed are novel compositions for use as catalysts for both the WGS and RWGS reactions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid composition for promoting plant growth containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The liquid composition contains, as an active ingredient, an aqueous solution prepared by adjusting the pH of colloidal titanium dioxide, a plant growth promoting component, to 0.4-0.6, in order to prevent rapid precipitation of the colloidal titanium dioxide, and then diluting the colloidal titanium dioxide with water to a predetermined concentration. The colloidal titanium dioxide, an environmentally friendly substance harmless to plants and the human body, which is contained in the plant growth promoting composition, is prevented from rapidly precipitating when it is diluted for application to plants. The plant growth promoting composition is harmless to organisms, reduces environmental contamination caused by over-application of biochemical fertilizers and is inexpensive, leading to an increase in farmer's income.

Abstract: A new method for preparing supported palladium-gold catalysts is disclosed. The method comprises sulfating a titanium dioxide support, calcining the sulfated support, impregnating the calcined support with a palladium salt, a gold salt, and an alkali metal or ammonium compound, calcining the impregnated support, and reducing the calcined support. The resultant supported palladium-gold catalysts have increased activity and stability in the acetoxylation.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of intercalating a catalyst promoter to form a catalyst composition suitable for converting syngas into alcohols, such as ethanol. Effective conditions for promoter intercalation are provided herein. This invention also provides novel compositions that can be characterized by interplanar spacings of the promoter within the catalyst composition.

Abstract: A catalyst for the epoxidation of an olefin comprising a carrier and deposited on the carrier, silver, a promoting amount of one or more promoters selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and rhenium and a promoting amount of nickel, wherein the nickel is added as a nickel compound or nickel complex during the initial impregnation along with the silver and other promoters; including a process for preparing the catalyst; a process for preparing an olefin oxide by reacting a feed comprising an olefin and oxygen in the presence of the catalyst; and a process for preparing a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, a 1,2-carbonate, or an alkanolamine.

Abstract: The invention makes use of an exhaust gas catalyst, comprising an active component comprising at least one type of metal from noble metals and transition metals; NOx-absorbing material for absorbing and releasing nitrogen oxides according to the surrounding nitrogen oxide concentration; and compounds represented by A2O2SO4 and/or A2O2S (A is a rare earth element).

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the oxidation of SO2 to SO3 and also a process for producing it and its use in a process for the oxidation of SO2 to SO3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the oxidation of SO2 to SO3 and also a process for producing it and its use in a process for the oxidation of SO2 to SO3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing alkyl esters, the process comprising reacting a feedstock that includes one or more fatty acid glycerol esters or one or more fatty acid or mixture thereof with a C1 to C4 alcohol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature substantially 100° C. or more, the catalyst including a catalyst composition comprising oxides, mixed oxides, silicates or sulphates of two or more of silica, aluminium, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium.

Abstract: An improved method for the formation of composite hydroxides or oxides comprising, on an oxide basis, Al2O3 and ZrO2, and optionally CeO2, La2O3, Nd2O3, Pr6O11, Sm2O3, Y2O3, and other rare earth oxides, comprising the steps of preparing an aqueous metal salt solution and forming a hydroxide precipitate slurry by combining the aqueous metal salt solution with an aqueous solution of a caustic alkali at a pH greater than 8.5 to precipitate out all the metal species. The variation in pH during the precipitation reaction is ±1. The invention also relates to composites formed by this method comprising 20-70 wt % Al2O3, 10-77 wt % ZrO2, 0-34 wt % CeO2 and 0-22 wt % REOs other than CeO2, and to composites per se comprising, on an oxide basis, 42-70 wt % Al2O3, 10-48 wt % ZrO2, 2-34 wt % CeO2 and 0-9 wt % REOs other than CeO2 and having the following properties after heating to 850° C. over four hours and holding at 850° C.

Abstract: Provided is a silver-supported alumina catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides using ethanol, which has the drawbacks of the conventional silver-supported alumina catalysts improved, has high performance, is not likely to deteriorate over time, and has excellent initial performance and durability. A catalyst for purifying nitrogen oxides, which purifies nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas using an alcohol as a reducing agent, and contains alumina, aluminum sulfate and silver as main components.

Abstract: Provided are: a uniformly, highly dispersed metal catalyst including a catalyst carrier and a catalyst metal being loaded thereon dispersed throughout the carrier, the uniformly, highly dispersed metal catalyst having excellent performances with respect to catalytic activity, selectivity, life, etc.; and a method of producing the same. The uniformly, highly dispersed metal catalyst includes a catalyst carrier made of a metal oxide and a catalyst metal having catalytic activity, the catalyst metal being loaded on the catalyst carrier, in which the catalyst carrier is a sulfur-containing catalyst carrier having sulfur or a sulfur compound almost evenly distributed throughout the carrier and the catalyst metal is loaded on the sulfur-containing catalyst carrier in a substantially evenly dispersed manner over the entire carrier substantially according to the distribution of the sulfur or the sulfur compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulphide catalyst for electrochemical reduction of oxygen particularly stable in chemically aggressive environments such as chlorinated hydrochloric acid. The catalyst of the invention comprises a noble metal sulphide single crystalline phase supported on a conductive carbon essentially free of zerovalent metal and of metal oxide phases, obtainable by reduction of metal precursor salts and thio-precursors with a borohydride or other strong reducing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for reducing mercury, which comprises a reagent comprising any of the sulfites of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium, or any of the phosphates thereof, or a combination of them, as a main reagent of a catalyst component. And the present invention relates to the catalyst for reducing mercury, wherein the catalyst component is mixed with a different salt as an agent for inhibiting crystallization of the catalyst component.

Abstract: An improved carrier useful for preparing a catalyst having excellent catalytic performance when used in the production of alkylene oxide, such as ethylene oxide. The carrier is obtained by a) impregnating a preformed alpha-alumina carrier with at least one modifier selected from among alkali metal silicates and alkaline earth metal silicates, b) drying the impregnated carrier; and c) calcining dried carrier. The carrier may optionally be washed, prior to being impregnated by conventional catalytic material and/or promoter material.

Abstract: The present invention provides monolithic structural catalysts. The catalysts have a thin wall structure and are advantageous for catalyzing reactions of gaseous fluid or liquid fluid molecules, such as the denitration or selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in combustion flue gases. In an embodiment, the honeycomb-like monolithic structural body includes catalytically active outer peripheral walls and a plurality of catalytically active thin-walled inner partition walls, the thin-walled inner partition walls adapted to enhance fluid flow through the monolithic catalytic body and to increase interaction of the fluid molecules with the catalyst body.

Abstract: The present invention provides rhenium-promoted epoxidation catalysts based upon shaped porous bodies comprising a minimized percentage of their total pore volume being present in pores having diameters of less than one micron, and a surface area of at least about 1.0 m2/g. Processes of making the catalysts and using them in epoxidation processes are also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst 1 for exhaust gas treatment is processed by depositing noble metal particles 30 on an oxygen storage/release material 20 and by coating a coating layer 40 on the material 20, the coating layer 40 comprising a sulfate compound of the metallic element contained in the material 20. In the catalyst 1, the material 20 can prevent from being reacted with sulfur contents contained in the exhaust gas for forming a new sulfate compound on the surface. Moreover, the temporarily-concentration increasing of the hydrogen sulfide in the exhaust gas can be prevented, which is caused by the sulfur contents adsorbed on the material from the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A method of making an alkali metal salt is described and involves (1) reacting at least one alkali metal formate with an least one acid to form an alkali metal salt in the presence of formate ions and (2) substantially removing the formate ions from the alkali metal salt formed in step (1).

Abstract: A photocatalytically active composition is prepared using high energy mixing. The composition comprises coating carrier material particles with photocatalytically active particles. The coating is performed in the presence of a hydraulic medium. The composition is used in preparation of materials or structures for maintaining a clean surface based on self cleaning property of such a structure.

Abstract: Use of physical vapor deposition methodologies to deposit nanoscale gold on activating support media makes the use of catalytically active gold dramatically easier and opens the door to significant improvements associated with developing, making, and using gold-based, catalytic systems. The present invention, therefore, relates to novel features, ingredients, and formulations of gold-based, heterogeneous catalyst systems generally comprising nanoscale gold deposited onto a nanoporous support.