Abstract: Hydrometallurgical methods are described for the isolation and recovery of platinum from rhenium-containing materials, and more particularly, from superalloys containing rhenium, platinum, and other metals. In addition, apparatuses capable of carrying out the hydrometallurgical methods and the product streams generated from the methods and apparatuses are described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for separating a chlorine-containing species from an aqueous solution of the chlorine-containing species in a catalytic hydrocarbon conversion process that includes the step of oxidizing a spent chloride-containing hydrocarbon conversion catalyst, the spent hydrocarbon conversion catalyst including a hydrocarbon residue formed thereon. The oxidizing forms a flue gas including chlorine-containing species, water, and oxides of carbon. The method further includes contacting the flue gas with a water scrubbing stream to dissolve at least a portion of the chlorine-containing species in the water scrubbing stream to form an aqueous acid solution and contacting the aqueous acid solution with a hygroscopic liquid to generate dehydrated hydrogen chloride gas.

Abstract: Present disclosure provides a process for the synthesis of doped titania nanoparticle having photocatalytic activity greater than 90% at 2 hours under sunlight irradiation. The process involves step a) milling a mixture containing anatase titania and a precursor compound, the compound selected from the group consisting of metal and non-metal salts, in the presence of water and oxide milling media, at a temperature in the range of 20 to 50° C. for a period of 60-120 minutes, to form a slurry, wherein the amount of water is in the range of 15 to 25% by weight of the total mixture; and b) filtering the slurry to separate the oxide milling media and obtain a filtrate containing doped titania nanoparticles.

Abstract: A process for a continuous regeneration of a catalyst wherein the regeneration section includes at least two separate zones. The regeneration includes a combustion zone, and an oxygen boost zone, where the process utilizes at least two independent regeneration gas loops for control of the amount of oxygen to regenerate the catalyst.

Abstract: Methods for treating or rejuvenating a spent catalyst are described. These methods can employ a step of halogenating the spent catalyst, followed by decoking the halogenated spent catalyst. The halogenation step can utilize fluorine and chlorine together, or fluorine and chlorine can be applied sequentially.

Abstract: A process for a continuous regeneration of a catalyst wherein the regeneration section includes at least two separate zones. The regeneration includes an upper combustion zone, and an lower combustion zone, where the process utilizes at least two independent regeneration gas loops for control of the amount of oxygen to regenerate the catalyst. The upper combustion zone can be divided into multiple zones, and the combustion zone can be divided into multiple zones.

Abstract: Systems and processes for regenerating catalyst are provided herein that include a catalyst regeneration tower having a cooling zone that receives a catalyst cooling stream generated by a cooling gas loop. The systems and processes include a first thermocompressor that utilizes a first motive vapor and a second thermocompressor that utilizes a second motive vapor in order to provide the catalyst cooling stream to the regeneration tower. The second thermocompressor operates in parallel with the first thermocompressor. The first thermocompressor can utilize combustion air as the motive vapor. The second thermocompressor can utilize nitrogen as the motive vapor.

Abstract: Methods for treating or rejuvenating a spent catalyst are disclosed. Such methods can employ a step of halogenating the spent catalyst, followed by decoking the halogenated spent catalyst.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for regenerating a catalyst for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons or for reforming, comprising a step for combustion in a zone A comprising at least 2 beds A1 and A2, a step for oxychlorination in a zone B, and a step for calcining in a zone C. A portion of the effluent gas from the oxychlorination zone is recycled via at least one scrubbing section D to the inlet to beds A1 and A2. Further, a portion of the effluent gas from zone B is recycled to the combustion bed A2, passing via a blower but without passing via said scrubbing section D, and a portion is recycled to the inlet to zone B, passing via said blower but not via said scrubbing section. The invention also concerns the vessel in which said process is carried out.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for regenerating a catalyst for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons or for reforming. Said process comprises a step for combustion in a zone A comprising at least 2 beds A1 and A2, a step for oxychlorination in a zone B, and a step for calcining in a zone C. A portion of the effluent gas from the oxychlorination zone is recycled via at least one scrubbing section D to the inlet to beds A1 and A2. Further, a portion of the effluent gas from zone B is recycled, passing via a blower and without passing via said scrubbing section D, to the combustion bed A2.

Abstract: A process for providing a blended cooling air stream to a cooling zone cooler in a continuous catalyst regeneration system. The process includes removing a first effluent stream from a regeneration tower, providing the first effluent stream to a regeneration cooler; providing a first air stream to the regeneration cooler to form a heated first air stream, combining at least a portion of the heated first air stream with a second air stream to form a blended cooling air stream, and providing the blended cooling air stream to a cooling zone cooler.

Abstract: A process for a continuous regeneration of a catalyst wherein the regeneration section includes at least two separate zones. The regeneration includes an upper combustion zone, and an lower combustion zone, where the process utilizes at least two independent regeneration gas loops for control of the amount of oxygen to regenerate the catalyst. The upper combustion zone can be divided into multiple zones, and the combustion zone can be divided into multiple zones.

Abstract: A process for a continuous regeneration of a catalyst wherein the regeneration section includes at least two separate zones. The regeneration includes a combustion zone, and an oxygen boost zone, where the process utilizes at least two independent regeneration gas loops for control of the amount of oxygen to regenerate the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for hydrocarbon conversion, especially for producing aromatic hydrocarbons, which comprises: (a) alternately contacting a hydrocarbon feed, especially a lower alkane feed, with a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst, especially an aromatization catalyst, under hydrocarbon conversion, especially aromatization reaction conditions, in a reactor for a short period of time, preferably 30 minutes or less, to produce reaction products and then contacting the catalyst with hydrogen-containing gas at elevated temperature for a short period of time, preferably 10 minutes or less, (b) repeating the cycle of step (a) at least one time, (c) regenerating the catalyst by contacting it with an oxygen-containing gas at elevated temperature and (d) repeating steps (a) through (c) at least one time.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for desorbing an adsorbent bed. The process can include passing a desorbent stream through the adsorbent bed to remove at least one of a nitrile compound and an oxygenate compound. Generally, the desorbent stream after desorbing is combined with a feed stream for an alkylation zone after a selective hydrogenation zone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst distributor and process for spreading catalyst over a regenerator vessel. Nozzles disposed angular to a header of the distributor spread catalyst throughout a full cross section of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment is a refinery or a petrochemical production facility. The refinery or petrochemical production facility can include: a) a catalyst regeneration zone; b) a halogen removal zone; and c) an elimination zone for at least one of a dioxin and a furan compound, wherein at least a portion of an effluent from the halogen removal zone is combined with a stream comprising oxygen from the catalyst regeneration zone or halogen removal zone.

Abstract: Provided is a process for safely transporting or recycling an ionic liquid catalyst based on chloroaluminates. The process comprises mixing a secondary alcohol with an ionic liquid based on a chloroaluminate and allowing a reaction to occur forming an aluminum chloride adduct precipitate. The precipitate is filtered and the secondary alcohol removed, leaving a solid salt. This solid salt is the ionic liquid catalyst absent aluminum chloride, for example, Nbutylpyridinium chloride. This salt is recycled to the reactor. AlCl3 is added to the salt prior to introduction into the reactor to remake the ionic liquid catalyst, for example, Nbutylpyridinium heptachloroaluminate.

Abstract: New methods for activating chromium catalysts for polymerization processes decrease the amount of time required for activation and increase catalyst activity. Rapid heating to a first temperature is followed by a first hold period before heating to a higher second temperature and maintaining the second temperature for a second hold period. In one aspect, the overall activation process takes less than 10 hours.

Abstract: A method for recovering and reusing a ring-halogenation catalyst comprises: (A) contacting an aromatic compound with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a catalyst composition, where the catalyst composition comprises at least one salt comprising a Group 4-13 metal, a lanthanide metal, or an actinide metal; and at least one organic counterion derived from an organic acid having a pKa relative to water of 0 or greater; and at least one organic sulfur compound; to form a first product mixture comprising a monochloro or a monobromo aromatic compound and a Group 4-13 metal halide, a lanthanide metal halide or an actinide metal halide; (B) separating the metal halide from the first product mixture; and (C) contacting at least a portion of the metal halide and an aromatic compound with chlorine or bromine, and at least one organic sulfur compound; to form a second product mixture comprising a monochloro or a monobromo aromatic compound and a Group 4-13 metal halide, a lanthanide metal halide or an actinide metal

Abstract: The regeneration of HF alkylation acid in an alkylation unit is improved by withdrawing a vapor stream from the HF regenerator tower and condensing the stream to form a liquid fraction which is accumulated in a side distillation zone; the collected liquid fraction, comprising HF acid, water and some stripping medium is distilled in a batch or continuous type operation to drive off the HF acid (along with stripping medium) and the vapor is returned to the regenerator-stripper vessel. The distillation of the sidedraw liquid is continued until the composition of the liquid attains the azeotropic value or as near to that value as desired. The azeotrope, comprising water and acid can then be dropped out of the distillation vessel for disposal by neutralization in the conventional way.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for removing water from an alkylation process system using a water removal column to remove water from a re-run column (catalyst regeneration column) overhead stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reactivating a catalyst which comprises a zeolite doped with an iron species, which comprises the step of treating the catalyst with hydrogen chloride-containing gas. The invention further relates to a reactivated catalyst which is obtained with the aid of the process according to the invention and to the use thereof for treatment of off-gases from incineration processes, especially for the treatment of off-gases from refuse incineration plants, very particularly for the reduction of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for regeneration of a zeolite catalyst, specifically an aluminosilicate zeolite with germanium substituted in the framework for silicon and with platinum deposited on the zeolite. The catalyst may be used in a process for aromatization of alkanes, specifically C2-C8 alkanes. The regeneration process 1) removes coke and sulfur from the catalyst via oxidation, 2) redisperses platinum on the surface of the catalyst via chlorine gas, 3) removes chlorine and bind Pt to the surface of the zeolite by steaming, 4) reduces the catalyst in hydrogen, and 5) optionally, resulfides the catalyst. The zeolite may be a MFI zeolite. The catalyst may be bound with an inert material which does not act as a binding site for platinum during the regeneration process, for example, silica.

Abstract: A method of reactivating a spent catalyst comprising a metal and a catalyst support, the method comprising redispersing the metal in the spent catalyst to produce a redispersed spent catalyst, contacting the redispersed spent catalyst with a reactivating composition to produce a redispersed, reactivated spent catalyst, and thermally treating the redispersed, reactivated spent catalyst to produce a reactivated catalyst.

Abstract: New methods for activating chromium catalysts for polymerization processes decrease the amount of time required for activation and increase catalyst activity. Rapid heating to a first temperature is followed by a first hold period before heating to a higher second temperature and maintaining the second temperature for a second hold period. In one aspect, the overall activation process takes less than 10 hours.

Abstract: A method of operating a continuous system for a catalyst regeneration process wherein the regeneration section includes a combustion zone, at least one oxygen boost zone, a halogenation zone and a drying zone in serial progression.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing a catalyst of the formula (1), WOx wherein, W represents tungsten atom, O represents oxygen atom x represents a value determined by oxidative state of W, for partial oxidation of methylbenzenes, the method comprising: (a) a step of preparing tungsten oxide slurry by wet milling; (b) a step of supporting the slurry obtained in the step (a) on fire-resistance inorganic carrier by impregnation; (c) a step of drying the catalyst obtained in the step (b); and (d) a step of calcining the dried catalyst obtained in the step (c), and can reduce the reaction temperature on the basis of equivalent yield in the preparation of corresponding aromatic aldehyde from methylbenzenes since the catalyst has increased the surface areas compared to the conventional one, and thus has high conversion rate.

Abstract: A process for regeneration of a catalyst that comprises at least one EUO-structural-type zeolite in acid form and at least one hydro-dehydrogenating metal, used in a process for isomerization of a hydrocarbon feedstock that comprises aromatic compounds with eight carbon atoms, comprising at least a) a stage for eliminating a majority of the coke, deposited on said catalyst, by combustion in the presence of a gas that contains oxygen at a temperature that is less than or equal to 600° C., and b) a stage for oxychlorination of the product that is obtained from stage a), carried out between 200 and 550° C. in the presence of at least one gas mixture that contains at least oxygen, water and chlorine and/or at least one chlorinated compound, is described.

Abstract: A process in which halogen is recovered from a cyclic operation for regenerating hydrocarbon conversion catalysts is disclosed. The process uses an arrangement of beds of adsorbent and a circulating stream to return the halogen-containing materials to a regeneration circuit.

Abstract: A process for continuously regenerating catalyst particles comprising: passing deactivated catalyst particles downwards in sequence through the first coke-burning zone, second coke-burning zone, oxychlorination zone, and calcination zone in the regenerator, wherein the catalyst particles are contacted with the regeneration gas from the second coke-burning zone, the supplemented dry air, and an inert gas in the first coke-burning zone; introducing an oxygen-containing regeneration gas from the second coke-burning zone into the regenerator, wherein said gas is contacted with the catalyst particles from the first coke burning zone; withdrawing the regeneration gas from the regenerator through the first coke-burning zone and, after the recovery system, recycling it to the second coke-burning zone. The regeneration gas may pass the catalyst bed in either a centrifugal or centripetal way.

Abstract: The present invention is to solve the problems caused by a conventional method for producing a zinc chloride-loaded support wherein zinc chloride is adsorbed on a solid support in an aqueous solution of zinc chloride. The problems include environmental destruction caused by the treatment of a used aqueous solution of zinc chloride, corrosion to a reactor, a threat to health for workers, deterioration of zinc chloride due to deliquescence thereof, and reduction of specific surface area.

Abstract: Process for regenerating a Pd catalyst after a homogeneously catalyzed C—C coupling reaction in which the Pd catalyst precipitates, is separated from the reaction mixture and subsequently treated with I2 or Br2. The Pd catalyst can then be used in a subsequent reaction run. Preferably between 1 and 3 mole equivalents of I2 or Br2, relative to the quantity of Pd catalyst is used The C—C coupling reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a support material. The C—C coupling reaction may be for example a Heck reaction, a Suzuki reaction or a cross-coupling reaction.

Abstract: A method for decreasing the environmental release of a halogen from a process for regenerating catalyst particles in a catalyst bed of a regeneration zone is disclosed.

Abstract: Used titanium-containing silicon oxide catalysts are regenerated by heating the used catalyst at a temperature of at least 400° C. in the presence of a oxygen-containing gas stream, followed by impregnation with a titanium source, and then calcining the impregnated catalyst to form a reactivated catalyst.

Abstract: A method of recovering halogen-containing materials from the cyclic catalyst regeneration operation of a catalytic hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed. The method uses an arrangement of beds of adsorbent to return the halogen-containing materials to a circulating regeneration circuit.

Abstract: A method of recovering halogen-containing materials from the cyclic catalyst regeneration operation of a catalytic hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed. The method uses an arrangement of beds of adsorbent to maintain the halogen-containing materials within a circulating regeneration circuit.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fluorination catalyst using a low pressure activating step followed by a high pressure activating step.

Abstract: A process of treating a catalyst composition containing palladium, an inorganic support, and a catalyst component, such as silver and/or a modifier such as alkali metal fluoride, is provided. The process involves contacting a catalyst composition with a first treating agent comprising carbon monoxide under a first treating condition to provide a treated catalyst composition. As an option, such treated catalyst composition can then be contacted with a second treating agent comprising a hydrogen-containing fluid under a second treating condition. The treated catalyst composition can be used in a selective hydrogenation process in which highly unsaturated hydrocarbons such as diolefins and/or alkynes are contacted with such treated catalyst composition in the presence of hydrogen to produce less unsaturated hydrocarbons such as monoolefins.

Abstract: Herein is disclosed a method for preparing an adsorbent to effectively remove water vapor during purification of a corrosive gas, as well as an adsorbent so prepared.

Abstract: Process for regenerating a Pd catalyst after a homogeneously catalyzed C—C coupling reaction in which the Pd catalyst precipitates, is separated from the reaction mixture and subsequently treated with I2 or Br2. The Pd catalyst can then be used in a subsequent reaction run.

Abstract: A reforming catalyst containing a Group VIII metal, or a Group VII B metal, or tin, or germanium, or copper, or selenium or combinations of any two or more metals or oxides thereof is activated by: a) continuously flowing a reducing gas over the catalyst for contact with the catalyst; (b) during step a), flowing a halogen-containing compound over the catalyst for contact with the catalyst for a first time period, wherein the first time period is greater than about 1 minute, and wherein the first time period is less than about 60 minutes; and (c) following step b), and during step a), substantially discontinuing the flow of the halogen-containing compound over the catalyst for a second time period, wherein the second time period is greater than about 1 minute.

Abstract: A method for reducing catalyst contamination in a hydrocarbon conversion reactor system, comprising the steps of contacting at least a portion of a metal-coated hydrocarbon conversion reactor system comprising a reactive metal with a getter to produce a movable metal; and fixating the movable metal.

Abstract: A reforming catalyst containing a Group VIII metal, or a Group VII B metal, or tin, or germanium, or copper, or selenium or combinations of any two or more metals or oxides thereof is activated by: a) continuously flowing a reducing gas over the catalyst for contact with the catalyst; (b) during step a), flowing a halogen-containing compound over the catalyst for contact with the catalyst for a first time period, wherein the first time period is greater than about 1 minute, and wherein the first time period is less than about 60 minutes; and (c) following step b), and during step a), substantially discontinuing the flow of the halogen-containing compound over the catalyst for a second time period, wherein the second time period is greater than about 1 minute.

Abstract: Catalyst activation of a platinum reforming catalyst system contained in a multiple reactor system by simultaneously reducing the catalyst with hydrogen while introducing a nonmetallic chlorine-containing compound into a reactor of the multiple reactor system in an amount to add from about 0.05 to about 0.3 weight percent chlorine to the catalyst and thereafter purging the system with about 100 to about 50,000 cubic feet of hydrogen per cubic foot of catalyst resulting in a reforming system having increased activity and providing enhanced RON values with reduced cracking of feedstock.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for decreasing the emissions of chlorine-containing species from a moving bed process for regenerating spent catalyst particles with a recycle gas stream. A recycle gas stream contacts spent catalyst particles at regeneration conditions, thereby producing a flue gas stream. The flue gas stream which contains chlorine-containing species contacts spent catalyst particles at sorption conditions. The sorption conditions are characterized by the substantial absence of carbon combustion. The spent catalyst particles sorb the chlorine-containing species from the flue gas stream, thereby producing the recycle gas stream. A portion of the recycle gas stream is vented from the process. This method captures and returns to the process the chlorine-containing species that would be lost from the process and that would need to be replaced by the injection of make-up chlorine-containing species. This method results in a significant savings in capital and operating costs of the process.

Abstract: Catalyst activation of a platinum reforming catalyst system contained in a multiple reactor system by simultaneously reducing the catalyst with a sustained hydrogen flow through the multiple reactor system while introducing a nonmetallic chlorine-containing compound serially into each reactor of the multiple reactor system in an amount to provide from about 0.05 to about 0.3 weight percent chlorine on the catalyst and thereafter purging the system with about 100 to about 50,000 cubic feet of hydrogen per cubic foot of catalyst prior to commencing use of the treated catalyst system for reforming hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: A method of removing reactive metal from a metal-coated reactor system, comprising contacting at least a portion of a metal-coated reactor system containing reactive metal with a getter to produce movable metal, and fixating the movable metal, the getter, or both. The contacting is preferably done prior to catalyst loading. A preferred coating metal comprises tin and a preferred getter comprises HCl. The invention is also a method for reducing catalyst contamination from a metal which was used to coat a reactor system. The method comprises contacting a metal-coated reactor system, with a gaseous halogen-containing compound to produce movable metal; thereafter or simultaneously, at least a portion of the movable metal is removed from the reactor system. Then a halided catalyst is loaded into the reactor system.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for eliminating, reducing and/or suppressing halogenated compounds, in particular chlorinated compounds, contained in a gas or a liquid, in which the gas or liquid is brought into contact with a composition obtained by depositing at least one compound comprising at least one element selected from alkalis on an alumina, followed by calcining the alumina at a temperature of at least 600° C. When at least one compound comprising at least one element selected from alkaline-earths and rare earths is deposited on the alumina, the alumina calcining temperature is at least 500° C.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for fluidising a catalyst or an adsorbent in a furnace which is fixed but the fluidised bed advances, optionally with rotation, in the presence of another inert solid with a granulometry which is different from that of the catalyst or the adsorbent, in the presence of a fluidisation gas, to carry out either stripping of a catalyst or an adsorbent or regeneration of a catalyst or an adsorbent in the furnace.