Abstract: The formation of carbon on metals exposed to hydrocarbons in a thermal cracking process is reduced by contacting such metals with an antifoulant selected from the group consisting of a combination of tin and aluminum, a combination of aluminum and antimony and a combination of tin, antimony and aluminum.

Abstract: A solid composition of matter consisting essentially of:(a) a component comprising: (1) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group IA metals and compounds containing said metals and (2), optionally, at least one material selected from the group consisting of tin, compounds containing tin, chloride ions and compounds containing said chloride ions and(b) a component comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group IIA metals and compounds containing said metals.The composition is particularly useful as a contact material for the oxidative conversion of less valuable organic compounds to more valuable organic compounds, particularly in the presence of a free oxygen containing gas.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising precious metal particles supported on a carrier obtained from (a) titania as a first component and (b) as a second component at least one metal oxide selected from oxides of magnesium, strontium, lanthanum, yttrium, cerium, zirconium, silicon and tin, is effective for catalytic combustion of a fuel at a temperature of 400.degree. to 1500.degree. C. with excellent durability.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide-contaminated breathable gas (that is a gas or gas mixture containing sufficient oxygen to support human life) is purified by bringing it into contact with a bed of a catalyst, whereby to oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and reduce the carbon monoxide contamination of gas, the catalyst being a promoted tin IV oxide-support precious metal catalyst in which the promoter is one or more metals of group 1b, 3b, 7bb and 8 of the Periodic Table (especially copper, nickel, manganese, silica or lanthanum) and the precious metal is platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium or ruthenium.

Abstract: The Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 carrier material from Ag/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 supported catalysts which is obtained after the silver has been removed from such spent catalysts in a conventional manner is regenerated by a method in which the carrier material(a) is treated with an aqueous solution of a water-soluble salt or hydroxide of a metal of group IIA, IIIB or IVB of the Periodic Table or of aluminum, copper, manganese, zinc, cadmium, tin or lead, and the material treated in this manner is then dried, and/or the material(b) is heated at 750-1,500.degree. C. for not less than 10 minutes.

Abstract: Olefins are converted into other olefins having different numbers of carbon atoms by contact with a catalyst produced by contacting an inorganic refractory oxide support containing rhenium oxide with a promoting amount of at least one aluminum alkyl and, optionally, at least one tin alkyl compound under conditions suitable for aluminum and tin alkyl compounds to promote the activity of the rhenium oxide for the disproportionation reaction.

Abstract: Antimony-containing metal oxide catalysts are produced or activated by dry blending (a) a catalyst or catalyst precursor composed of an antimony-containing metal oxides composition containing antimony and at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, cerium, uranium, tin, titanium, and copper, and (b) elemental antimony or an antimony compound, and contacting the components (a) and (b) with each other at about 300.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. in a non-reducing gas atmosphere for a period sufficient for the elemental antimony or antimony compound (b) to deposit on the catalyst or catalyst precursor (a).

Abstract: A process for producing an oxalate diester is provided. The oxalate diester is produced by reacting an aliphatic alcohol, carbon monoxide and molecular oxygen at an elevated temperature and under pressure in the presence of a catalyst comprising (1) metallic palladium or a palladium compound, (2) a heteropoly-acid and (3) at least one nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of nitric acid, nitrogen oxides and esters of nitrous acid.

Abstract: Surface-metallated aluminas and silicas are species many of whose physical properties, such as surface and pore volume, are unchanged but which exhibit superior hydrothermal stability. Suitable for use as catalytic supports, these materials can be simply prepared by treating the alumina or silica with a tetrahalide of a metal, such as titanium or zirconium, removing the unreacted tetrahalide, and calcining the resulting material in a moist atmosphere.