Abstract: A method is described to reactivating contaminated particulate adsorbent material. A gas stream is passed through the adsorbent material. The gas stream comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide and steam, and is substantially free of unbound oxygen. The temperature and flow rate of the gas stream is selected to volatilize organic compounds adsorbed by the adsorbent material. Thereafter, the gas stream is reacted with steam at a temperature of at least 700.degree. F. The steam with which the gas stream is reacted is in excess of the stoichiometric amount required to react with substantially all of the organic compounds in the gas stream. Thereafter the gas stream is circulated back to the adsorbent material for further passing therethrough. The cycle is continued until the level of contamination of the adsorbent material is below a predetermined level.

Abstract: Catalyst in a slurry phase reactor is rejuvenated in said reactor using a substantially vertical draft tube fully immersed in the slurry which utilizes a rejuvenating gas injected substantially near the bottom of the substantially vertical draft tube whereby catalyst near the bottom of the slurry phase reactor is drawn up the draft tube and discharged from the top of the draft tube near the top of the slurry phase in said reactor, control over the rejuvenation temperature in the substantially vertical draft tube being achieved by means of insulating the draft tube and/or fitting the draft tube with heating or cooling means.

Abstract: A cobalt- or ruthenium-containing hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst, subjected to short term, reversible, partial deactivation in a slurry synthesis process can be rejuvenated, i.e., at least about 80+% catalyst activity recovery, by treating the catalyst in the presence of liquid hydrocarbons, preferably the slurry hydrocarbons, with hydrogen at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Abstract: Catalyst in a slurry phase reactor is rejuvenated and uniformly distributed in said reactor using a substantially vertical draft tube fully immersed in the slurry which utilizes a rejuvenating gas injected substantially near the bottom of the substantially vertical draft tube whereby catalyst near the bottom of the slurry phase reactor is drawn up the draft tube and discharged from the top of the draft tube near the top of the slurry phase in said reactor.

Abstract: Catalyst which has become deactivated during a hydrocarbon synthesis (HCS) process is reactivated - rejuvenated using an external reactivation - rejuvenation vessel resulting in a multiple HCS reaction - catalyst rejuvenation reactor vessel design. Flow of the catalyst is synthesis product slurry from the reactor vessel to the rejuvenation vessel and the flow of rejuvenated catalyst back to the reactor vessel are driven by gravity only.

Abstract: A method for regenerating a Group VIII noble metal catalyst which has been contaminated with coke during a reforming process. The method comprises (a) burning off the coke from the catalyst, (b) redispersing the noble metal on the surface of the catalyst support by contacting the catalyst with halogen gas and carbon dioxide, and (c) chemically reducing the catalyst. The presence of carbon dioxide in the redispersing step improves the activity of the regenerated catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a selected paraffin from a reaction mixture containing(i) an acceptor olefin having the carbon backbone structure of said selected paraffin;(ii) a donor paraffin having a carbon backbone structure different from that of said selected paraffin;(iii) less than about 10 mole percent molecular hydrogen; which process comprises the steps of contacting said reaction mixture with a heterogeneous catalyst comprising active carbon in the absence of an added catalytic metal or metal compound to convert at least a portion of said acceptor olefin to said selected paraffin and to dehydrogenate at least a portion of said donor paraffin.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propane and butane in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and a carrier material. Reconditioning of catalyst particles containing platinum by transferring the catalyst particles through a combustion zone, a drying zone and a re-dispersion zone improves the process. Drying of the catalyst particles immediately after the combustion of coke improves the operation of a platinum re-dispersion zone. The lower moisture content in the re-dispersion zone allows the equilibrium reaction between hydrogen chloride and oxygen on the one hand, and water and chlorine on the other hand to be shifted to the production of chlorine. This shift of the equilibrium reaction can be further improved by maintaining an oxygen-enriched environment within the platinum re-dispersion zone. The use of a much lower chloride concentration in the re-dispersion zone reduces the emissions of hydrogen chloride from the regeneration zone.

Abstract: Carbon molecular sieves modified by the incorporation of finely divided elemental copper useful for the selective sorption of oxygen at elevated temperatures. The carbon molecular sieves can be regenerated by reduction with hydrogen. The copper modified carbon molecular sieves are prepared by pyrolysis of a mixture of a copper-containing material and polyfurfuryl alcohol to form a sorbent precursor. The sorbent precursors are then heated and reduced to produce copper modified carbon molecular sieves. The copper modified carbon molecular sieves are useful for sorption of all concentrations of oxygen at temperatures up to about 200.degree. C. They are also useful for removal of trace amount of oxygen from gases at temperatures up to about 600.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention presented involves a method for regenerating, replacing or treating the catalyst in a hydroprocessing reactor, the method comprising admixing with the feedstock, recycle stream or hydrogen stream of the reactor an additive which comprises a nonionic, organometallic platinum group metal coordination composition which is a) resistant to breakdown under ambient temperatures; b) capable of breakdown at temperatures existing in the vicinity of the catalyst; and c) does not contain a disadvantageous amount of phosphorus, arsenic, sulfur, antimony or halides.

Abstract: The isomerization activity of hydroisomerization catalyst is recovered by subjecting the catalyst to a wash using light aromatic solvents at elevated temperature, e.g. toluene at 300.degree. C. This hot aromatic solvent wash may be preceded by a hot hydrogen containing gas strip. Catalyst activity can be maintained by the continuous or periodic addition of light aromatic solvent or light aromatic containing materials to the feeds sent to the isomerization catalyst.

Abstract: The process is a hydrogen regeneration of spent Group VIII metal modified non-acidic microporous crystalline materials employed as catalysts in dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization.

Abstract: A process is provided for forming activated carbon from coal in the particulate state. The coal is first dried at a temperature sufficiently high to effect removal of moisture therefrom but below the temperature at which contained volatile matter vaporizes. The dried coal is then heated to an elevated temperature in a substantially non-oxidizing atmosphere at substantially atmospheric pressure sufficient to volatilize and remove the contained volatile matter and produce a char thereof and the char thereafter subjected to hydrogenation at an elevated temperature and pressure for a time sufficient to form activated carbon characterized by a BET surface area of at least about 200 m.sup.2 /g and an iodine number of at least about 400.

Abstract: The invention comprises the discovery has been made that the reactivation of spent medium pore, shape selective metallosilicate catalyst particles can be enhanced by carrying out the removal of deactivating coke and carbonaceous deposits on the surface and within the pores of the catalyst using hydrogen in a two stage process. The first stage consists of reactivation with hydrogen at elevated temperature and relatively high pressure to crack, strip and remove the more volatile deactivating coke and carbonaceous components on the catalyst surface. The second stage of the reactivation process is carried out at low pressure and elevated temperature, leading to the stripping of the deactivating carbonaceous residue of low volatility on the catalyst surface and pores. The effect of the two stage regeneration process is to improve the removal of coke and carbonaceous materials from the catalyst surface, pores and voids providing a more effective reactivated catalyst.

Abstract: The activation of catalysts which include carbonate compounds is brought about by exposing the catalyst to an atmosphere containing hydrogen. The invention is useful for activating Group IIA carbonates, such as strontium carbonate, for use in the oxidative coupling of methane.

Abstract: A spent absorbent material comprising a supported mixture of nickel oxide and metallic nickel may be reactivated a limited number of times by heating the material at 150.degree.-450.degree. C. under a flow of non-oxidizing gas.

Abstract: The activity and stability of a catalyst are enhanced by substantially precluding water contact between a catalyst finishing step and startup of a process unit utilizing the catlayst. Water is precluded from contacting the catalyst during catalyst finishing and loading at the fabrication site, transportation to the conversion site, and loading, activation, and startup in the reactors of the process unit.

Abstract: An epoxidation reaction product formed by the molybdenum catalyzed reaction of propylene with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide to provide propylene oxide and tertiary butyl alcohol is separated by distillation into a propylene fraction, a propylene oxide fraction, a tertiary butyl alcohol fraction and a heavy liquid distillation fraction composed primarily of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, tertiary butyl alcohol, dissolved molybdenum catalyst, and impurities including lower aliphatic C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 carboxylic acids, and the heavy liquid distillation fraction is saturated with ammonia to precipitate the molybdenum therefrom for recovery.

Abstract: An epoxidation reaction product formed by the molybdenum catalyzed reaction of propylene with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide to provide propylene oxide and tertiary butyl alcohol is separated by distillation into a propylene fraction, a propylene oxide fraction, a tertiary butyl alcohol fraction and a heavy liquid distillation fraction composed primarily of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, tertiary butyl alcohol, dissolved molybdenum catalyst, and impurities including lower aliphatic C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 carboxylic acids, and the dissolved molybdenum content of the heavy distillation fraction is adjusted to about 300 to 500 ppm of dissolved molybdenum, if necessary, by treatment with a precipitating agent and contacted with a solid adsorbent consisting essentially of a synthetic, porous, high surface area amorphous magnesium silicate.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propane and butane in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and a carrier material. Reconditioning of catalyst particles containing platinum by transferring the catalyst particles through a combustion zone, a drying zone and a re-dispersion zone improves the process. Drying of the catalyst particles immediately after the combustion of coke improves the operation of a platinum re-dispersion zone. The lower moisture content in the re-dispersion zone allows the equilibrium reaction between hydrogen chloride and oxygen on the one hand, and water and chlorine on the other hand to be shifted to the production of chlorine. This shift of the equilibrium reaction can be further improved by maintaining an oxygen-enriched environment within the platinum re-dispersion zone. The use of a much lower chloride concentration in the re-dispersion zone reduces the emissions of hydrogen chloride from the regeneration zone.

Abstract: Alternate, successive high temperature oxidation and reduction treatments, in either order, of intermetallic alloy hydrogenation and intermetallic alloy oxidation catalysts unexpectedly improves the impurity poisoning resistance, regeneration capacity and/or activity of the catalysts. The particular alloy, and the final high temperature treatment given alloy (oxidation or reduction) will be chosen to correspond to the function of the catalyst (oxidation or hydrogenation).

Abstract: Carbon molecular sieves modified by the incorporation of finely divided elemental copper useful for the selective sorption of oxygen at elevated temperatures. The carbon molecular sieves can be regenerated by reduction with hydrogen. The copper modified carbon molecular sieves are prepared by pyrolysis of a mixture of a copper-containing material and polyfunctional alcohol to form a sorbent precursor. The sorbent precursors are then heated and reduced to produce copper modified carbon molecular sieves. The copper modified carbon molecular sieves are useful for sorption of all concentrations of oxygen at temperatures up to about 200.degree. C. They are also useful for removal of trace amount of oxygen from gases at temperatures up to about 600.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to activated curing combinations for organic cationically polymerizable materials. The curing combinations are obtainable by activating a solution or a dispersion of an iron/arene salt and a polycarboxylic acid, an anhydride based on a polycarboxylic acid, or a polyisocyanate by heating or by irradiation with actinic radiation. The curable compositions containing these activated curing combinations can be used as sheathing or encapsulating materials for electronic components.

Abstract: A slurry hydrotreating process is described in which a hydrotreating catalyst of small particle size is contacted with a heavy fossil fuel. High catalyst activity is maintained by circulating the catalyst between a hydrotreating zone and a reactivating zone where the catalyst is hydrogen stripped.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing glycol monoesters by reacting carboxylic acid, olefin and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst containing (A) a palladium component, (B) an oxygen-containing nitrogen compound, and (C) a metal halide in the specified ratio of (A), (B), (C).According to the present invention, the regeneration of the catalyst through reduction is easy and the catalyst of high activity can be used repeatedly.

Abstract: An activated carbon sorbent in which oxygen has been substantially removed from said carbon by outgassing and said oxygen has been replaced by subsequent reaction of the outgassed carbon with a passivating substance.

Abstract: A novel slurry hydrotreating process is described which employs a hydrotreating catalyst of small particle size having a quantity of catalyst sites in excess of those required for reaction and/or adsorption of nitrogen compounds in the petroleum or synfuel feed being treated. The excess catalyst sites can therefore in effect be contacted with a low nitrogen or essentially zero nitrogen feed, allowing rapid hydrogenation of aromatics at low temperatures where equilibrium is favored. In a further aspect of the invention, the catalyst which contains adsorbed nitrogen is activated by high temperature denitrogenation.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting a methanol and/or methyl ether-containing reactant feed along with a hydrogen-containing gaseous diluent to a light olefin-containing product over a ZSM-45 aluminosiloicate zeolite based catalyst composition. By using such ZSM-45 zeolite catalysts, methanol and/or methyl ether can be advantageously converted to an olefin-containing hydrocarbon product enriched in C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 olefins. The hydrogen-containing gaseous diluent is co-fed to the conversion reaction zone and the conversion reaction is conducted at a pressure of at least about 3 atmospheres in order to enhance catalyst lifetime.

Abstract: A method for regenerating a spent porous crystalline catalyst, optionally associated with a metal component such as noble and/or base metal(s), is described. The method comprises contacting the spent catalyst which has become deactivated by accumulation of carbonaceous residue with one or more light aromatic compounds under conditions resulting in reactivation of said catalyst. The light aromatic compounds employed are ones which have the capability of penetrating the catalyst, so as to contact the carbonaceous residue contained therein, undergoing alkylation by alkyl fragments contributed by components of the carbonaceous residue and diffusing from or otherwise escaping the catalyst.

Abstract: An improved method of recovering a palladium catalyst from a liquid reaction mixture having been produced by oxidative coupling reaction of an aromatic compound in the presence of a catalyst containing palladium(II) salt is disclosed. The improved method comprises heating the liquid reaction mixture under stirring at a temperature of 180.degree. to 280.degree. C. in an atmosphere containing hydrogen gas at a partial pressure of 5 to 60 kg/cm.sup.2 whereby reducing the catalyst in the reaction mixture and precipitating a metallic palladium from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method for treating a porous crystalline catalyst optionally associated with a metal component such as a noble and/or base metal(s) is described. The method comprises contacting the catalyst with a low molecular weight aromatic compound under coking conditions. Such a treatment method increases the cycle length and the useful life of the catalyst. Using the treated catalyst in a dewaxing process and regenerating the catalyst by treating with hydrogen and a low molecular weight hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Included is a process for redispersing catalysts wherein the catalyst metal is selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, osmium, rhodium and palladium comprising contacting the catalyst serially with (1) a reducing agent; (2) a halogen redispersing agent; and (3) a reducing agent, under conditions sufficient to redisperse the sintered catalyst. A preliminary oxygen treatment is optional. Also included are the novel catalysts such as redispersed by the foregoing process and processes in which sintered catalysts are redispersed and in which the redispersed catalysts are employed.The redispersed catalysts can have very high activity and can even have activity higher than originally found. A preferred metal is palladium and a preferred support is alumina.A preferred process for employing the redispersed catalyst is the production of .alpha.-substituted acrylate esters.

Abstract: Process for the regeneration of deactivated copper-containing catalysts used in methanol or methyl formate dissociation reactions or in the steam reforming of methanol by first oxidizing then reducing the copper component of the copper-containing catalyst.

Abstract: Sulfur species are removed from a Claus plant tailgas stream by contacting with ZnO producing ZnS which is regenerated to ZnO by dilute O.sub.2. Following regeneration, freshly regenerated ZnO is purged with an effective reducing gas stream.

Abstract: A method of exchanging rare-isotope oxygen for common-isotope oxygen in the top several layers of an oxide-containing catalyst is disclosed. A sample of an oxide-containing catalyst is exposed to a flowing stream of reducing gas in an inert carrier gas at a temperature suitable for the removal of the reactive common-isotope oxygen atoms from the surface layer or layers of the catalyst without damaging the catalyst structure. The reduction temperature must be higher than any at which the catalyst will subsequently operate. Sufficient reducing gas is used to allow removal of all of the reactive common-isotope oxygen atoms in the top several layers of the catalyst. The catalyst is then reoxidized with the desired rare-isotope oxygen in sufficient quantity to replace all of the common-isotope oxygen that was removed.

Abstract: A proces for regenerating a spent catalyst comprising uranium and a poly-substituted cyclopentadienyl ligand comprising contacting the deactivated catalyst with hydrogen under reaction conditions. The regenerated catalyst is active in the selective dimerization of propylene to 4-methyl-1-pentene.

Abstract: Medicinal white oils and medicinal paraffins are prepared from petroleum fractions containing aromatics and nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur compounds, e.g. light and heavy atmospheric gas oils, vacuum gas oils and residues, which have been pretreated in a first stage by acid treatment or catalytic hydrogenation, by hydrogenation in a second stage over a nickel-containing catalyst under from 50 to 200 bar and at elevated temperatures, by a process in which the catalyst used in the second stage and present in the oxide form is reduced with a hydrogen-containing gas, passivated and then again activated with hydrogen, before the hydrogenation to medicinal white oils or paraffins is carried out.

Abstract: A process for using hydrogen-containing gas to regenerate a zeolite catalyst comprising at least some crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitic material having pore windows formed by 8-membered rings of oxygen atoms, e.g., ZSM-34, which has been used to promote conversion of methanol and/or methyl ether to light olefins. Contact of such catalysts with hydrogen-containing gas such as hydrogen or synthesis gas at particular regeneration temperatures and pressures can restore the activity of such catalysts either in the presence or absence of organic reactants without forming potentially catalyst-damaging by-products such as water.

Abstract: A process is described for regenerating a coke and poison deactivated noble metal-containing zeolite catalyst material. The activity of the catalyst after oxygen regeneration can be improved by treating the oxidized catalyst at temperatures from 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. (212.degree.-482.degree. F.) or lower, preferably 100.degree. to 200.degree. C. (212.degree.-392.degree. F.), or most preferably 150.degree. to 200.degree. C. (302.degree.-392.degree. F.), in a reducing atmosphere, as opposed to higher conventional reducing temperatures. The process permits catalyst reactivation by removing coke and other poisons, such as nitrogen, from the catalyst while avoiding excess agglomeration of the noble metals thereon.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating mediators with the aid of surfactant-modified metal catalysts, and catalysts which can be used for this purpose, are described.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing an O-acetyl compound by carbonylating an O-methyl compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a rhodium catalyst and an iodine compound, comprising(i) separating the reaction mixture formed in the carbonylation reaction step into a volatile component and a rhodium-containing catalyst solution,(ii) heat-treating the separated catalyst solution in the presence of a hydrogen-containing gas, and(iii) recirculating the hydrogenated catalyst solution to the carbonylation reaction step. According to this invention, it is possible to select a hydrogen treatment condition most suited for recirculation of a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for gasifying a non-gaseous solid material wherein a portion of the gasification is accomplished in the presence of steam and another portion of the gasification is accomplished in the presence of hydrogen and in the substantial absence of carbon dioxide and steam. The gasification will be accomplished at an elevated temperature and pressure.

Abstract: An improved regeneration procedure is described for restoring the hydrogen chemisorption of aged platinum containing zeolite catalyst compositions. The process includes subjecting th catalyst to reactivation, followed by oxygen regeneration. After regeneration, in accordance with the invention, a platinum containing zeolite catalyst composition has a platinum dispersion, illustrated by H.sub.2 chemisorption, equivalent to fresh catalyst.

Abstract: A method is described for non-oxidatively reactivating coked dewaxing catalyst comprising a zeolite component such as ZSM-5 or zeolite beta. Use of a noble metal as a hydrogenation component associated with the zeolite component, preferably palladium, results in a catalyst which is readily reactivatable by contact with hydrogen at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A process for removing nitrogen chemically bound to a zeolite component of a catalytic composition, used in hydroprocessing feedstocks containing nitrogen precursors, including contacting the hydrogen treated used catalyst composition with polar solvents, preferably in the gaseous state, at pressures practically no greater than 100 Torr.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons contained in hydrocarbonaceous oil feed comprising at least about 15 wppm organic nitrogen compounds is provided in which the feed is contacted with hydrogen in a substantially sulfur-free environment in the presence of a catalyst comprising a Group VIII noble metal component, such as palladium, a Y-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite and a support such as alumina. When the hydrogenation activity of the catalyst decreases, the partially deactivated catalyst is stripped with hydrogen periodically to increase the hydrogenation activity of the catalyst.

Abstract: A noble metal-containing zeolitic catalyst having cracking activity and hydrogenation activity is pretreated by contacting the catalyst with a nitrogen-containing compound to decrease the cracking activity of the catalyst followed by treatment with hydrogen to recover the hydrogenation activity of the catalyst. The pretreated catalyst is used in a process for the hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for continuously removing residual sulfur from a naphtha stream has a primary manganous oxide absorber, a secondary parallel manganous oxide absorber and valve and duct means for by-passing the primary absorber and directing the naphtha feed stream to the secondary absorber. The apparatus also includes means for removing manganous oxide from the primary absorber and nitrogen purge means for purging the same.

Abstract: A method for the regeneration of end-of-cycle catalysts is provided wherein nitrogen and other deleterious poisons are removed prior to hydrogen treatment by passing over the catalyst bed a stripping mixture consisting of an alkyl amine whose basicity is much greater than that of the indigenous nitrogen compounds found in the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for converting olefinic feedstock, such as synthol olefinic liquid product of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, to distillate hydrocarbons comprising the steps of contacting the feedstock at elevated temperature and pressure with acid zeolite conversion catalyst to oligomerize olefins and convert oxygenated hydrocarbons contained in said light oil at temperatures up to 325.degree. C. and in the presence of H.sub.2, thereby providing an effluent containing heavy distillate range hydrocarbon, light gas and byproduct water.