Abstract: Multifunctional agricultural adjuvant compositions (“MAACs”) include at least one liquid component and one or more solid agricultural particles dispersed in the liquid component. The liquid component may include at least one methylated seed oil. Examples of the solid agricultural particles include ammonium sulfate, other water conditioners, amino acids, or polymers. The MAAC exhibits one or more desired functions depending on the quantity and composition of the liquid component, the quantity and composition of the solid agricultural particles, and, optionally, adding one or more surfactants and/or one or more additional components (e.g., rheology modifiers) to the MAAC. The desired functions of the MAAC may include at least one of a water conditioner, a surfactant, a high surfactant oil concentrate, a crop oil concentrate, or a drift reduction and a deposition adjuvant.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of improving heat stress tolerance in plants comprising applying an effective amount of 1-amino-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid to the plant.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of improving heat stress tolerance in plants comprising applying an effective amount of 1-amino-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid to the plant.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to non-aqueous solutions of plant growth regulator(s) and polar and/or semi-polar organic solvent(s), methods for making said non-aqueous solution, and methods for improving the growth and crop productivity of plants using said non-aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention concerns polymeric-enveloped microparticles including at least one HASE type acrylic copolymer, at least one solid-liquid phase change material with a phase transition temperature ranging from 20 to 90° C., and at least one active agent. In particular, the microparticles include at least one HASE type acrylic copolymer including at least one anionic monomer with a polymerizable vinyl group and a carboxyl group, at least one non-ionic hydrophobic monomer with a polymerizable vinyl group, and at least one alkoxylated associative macromonomer with a polymerizable vinyl group and a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for increasing the drought tolerance of selected ornamental plants comprising administering abscisic acid (ABA) or its salts to said plants.

Abstract: A metal component absorption enhancer which enhances the absorption of at least one metal component selected from the elements belonging to groups 2 to 12 in the third to fourth periods when a plant grows. The metal component absorption enhancer contains 5-aminolevulinic acid or a derivative thereof represented by the following general formula (1), or a salt thereof as an active ingredient: R2R1NCH2COCH2CH2COR3??(1) wherein R1 and R2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group; R3 represents a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, or an amino group, and is used for performing a treatment with 0.001 to 20 ppm of the 5-aminolevulinic acid, the derivative thereof, or the salt thereof per each time.

Abstract: This invention describes the use of S-abscisic acid (S-ABA) and ethylene producing-agents such as ethephon to synergistically improve red color in grapes and to alter the sensory characteristics of wine.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of inhibiting an ethylene response in a plant, comprising step of applying to at least one portion of the plant an effective ethylene response-inhibiting amount of a H1-cyclopropene-1-propanoic acid salt (CPAS). A method of prolonging the life of a cut flower, comprising applying to the cut flower an effective life-prolonging amount of CPAS and a method for the production a CPAS, comprising steps of (i) preparing 4-bromo-4-pentenoic acid or derivatives thereof; (ii) producing 1-cyclopropene-1-propanoic acid; and (iii), converting this acid into its water soluble salt, especially its sodium salt are presented. Additionally, a new family of water soluble CPAS inhibitors for ethylene response in a plant is disclosed.

Abstract: Suspension concentrate compositions are disclosed for delivering S-(+)-Abscisic acid either alone or in combination with a second plant growth regulator to crop seed prior to planting as well as for foliar, soil drench, in-furrow and sprench (foliar spray and soil drench) applications are disclosed. The compositions, when properly combined in an aqueous carrier and processed through wet milling to achieve the desired particle size, will result in stable compositions that are desirable for treating crop seeds.

Abstract: Provided is an agricultural plant-protecting agent including a dipeptide derivative or an agro-pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, which has a plant disease-preventing effect, a plant growth-promoting effect, and a plant immunity-activating effect.

Abstract: The present weed reducing material reduces the necessary weed control work by making joint filling sand a hostile substrate for plant and fungus growth by using an environmentally acceptable slow release mineral additive. The additive, having similar grain size distribution, mechanical and rheological properties, forms an integral part of the joint filling sand. The specific gravity of the additive is lower than quartz sand imparting a tendency for the additive to migrate towards the top part of the joint. The additive leads to pore waters rich in sodium and at high pH, both qualities being maintained over long periods. The mixture of additive and sand is handled and applied using conventional laying techniques and equipment, observing usual precautions for mortar or cement mixes with sand. In the environment, reaction with CO2 in the air or in the soil porosity inactivates the causticity, yielding harmless carbonate salts.

Abstract: S-abscisic acid is used for promoting fruit set and/or for producing parthenocarpic fruits in useful plants. S-abscisic acid is also used as a growth inhibitor in useful plants. Methods are provided for treating useful plants with S-abscisic acid for these purposes.

Abstract: An environmentally compatible, selective herbicidal composition is provided that includes an activator adjuvant for enhancing the efficacy of the composition. While the activator adjuvant can be used in combination with a variety of herbicides, in an exemplary embodiment the herbicidal composition includes a metal chelate that is formed from a transition metal component and at least one chelating agent. The activator adjuvant can enhance, even synergistically effect the efficacy of the composition, while maintaining the selectivity of the herbicide.

Abstract: Bicyclic abscisic acid (ABA) analogs of Formula (I) and (II) and the process for their production are disclosed. The bicyclic ABA analogs include the structural elements and functional groups of the parent molecule that are required for activity, and have an aromatic ring fused to the ring replacing the vinyl methyl group of absicisie acid. Methods for using the bicyclic ABA analogs to inhibit cell growth and seed germination are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods and compositions for increasing a growth characteristic of a plant, increasing nutrient use efficiency of a plant, or improving a plant's ability to overcome stress comprising applying a composition comprising ketosuccinamate, a derivative thereof, or a salt thereof, to the plant or to a propagation material of the plant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plant protective composition comprising ?-hydroxy-acid or a derivative thereof. The present invention further relates to a method of protecting plants from biotrophic pathogens comprising contacting the plants with the plant protective composition.

Abstract: An agent for improving lawn grass quality, which is excellent in promoting dwarfing of lawn grass, making the stem sturdy, increasing the leaf count, and improving greenness, is provided. An agent for improving lawn grass quality containing, as active ingredients, 5-aminolevulinic acid represented by formula (1): R2R1NCH2COCH2CH2COR3??(1) wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group; and R3 represents a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group or an amino group, or a derivative thereof or a salt of the acid or the derivative, and a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor.

Abstract: A shoot of a plant is cultivated under the presence of glutathione, so that the shoot is rooted. It is possible to cultivate the shoot under the presence of glutathione by use of a rooting medium including glutathione or by contacting a solution including glutathione with the shoot. Oxidized glutathione is preferably used as glutathione. By promoting rooting of the shoot of the plant, a rooting rate of the shoot of the plant is improved. This improves productivity of a clone seedling.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for increasing tolerance to abiotic stress and/or reducing the consequence of abiotic stress in a plant or part thereof comprising contacting a plant or part thereof with a composition comprising an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof.

Abstract: Methods and compositions to temporarily delay the ripening, maturation, senescence and pathogen infection of produce such as fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants are provided. The methods involve the application of a photosynthetic pigment and/or membrane stabilizing chemical (e.g. glycine betaine) to produce which is identified as in need of such delay. Application may be prior to harvest, at or during harvest or post-harvest.

Abstract: There is provided an agent for improving the growth of seedlings, having effects of raising healthy rice seedlings, such as increase of the tillering number, increase of root weight, enhancement of greenness, and increase of stem thickness. An agent for improving the growth of rice seedlings containing, as active ingredients, 5-aminolevulinic acid represented by formula (1), a derivative thereof or a salt of the acid or the derivative, and a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor: R2R1NCH2COCH2CH2COR3??(1) wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group; and R3 represents a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group or an amino group.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to color stable formulations containing the potassium salt of (S)-(+)-abscisic acid, the color stabilizers sodium citrate and sodium acetate, the antimicrobial agent potassium sorbate, and do not contain an acrylic copolymer surfactant. The present invention is also directed to methods for using the present formulations in organic farming.

Abstract: A method for managing plant biomass at harvest in accordance with the present invention includes the steps of: a) measuring the amount of fatty acids contained in a plant(s); b) obtaining the percentage of linolenic acid with respect to the total amount of fatty acids; and c) estimating the plant biomass at harvest from the percentage of linolenic acid thus obtained.

Abstract: In order to develop a technique for increasing an amino acid content and to provide a technique for easily producing a plant having an increased amino acid content, an amino acid content in a plant is increased by an amino acid content promoting agent, a composition containing the amino acid content promoting agent, a kit including an amino acid content promoting agent, or a kit including a composition containing the amino acid content promoting agent, and a plant having an increased amino acid content is produced.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated X18C108 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X18C108 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X18C108 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X18C108, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X18C108. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X18C108.

Abstract: A means for enhancing the yield of a harvesting part of a crop is provided. A yield enhancing agent for a harvesting part selected from the group consisting of seed, fruit, hypocotyl, root and stem in a crop, the yield enhancing agent comprising: 5-aminolevulic acid or a derivative thereof represented by the following formula (1), or a salt thereof; and a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor: R2R1NCH2COCH2CH2COR3 (1), wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group; and R3 represents a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group or an amino group, wherein the yield enhancing agent is an agent to be applied at the time when the harvesting part of the crop becomes enlarged.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for increasing tolerance to abiotic stress and/or reducing the consequence of abiotic stress in a plant or part thereof comprising contacting a plant or part thereof with a composition comprising an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof.

Abstract: 3-Alkenyl-6-halo-4-aminopicolinic acids and their derivatives are potent herbicides demonstrating a broad spectrum of weed control.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to aqueous compositions containing salts of (S)-(+)-abscisic acid, the surfactant Atlox™ 4913, and the color stabilizers sodium citrate and sodium acetate, methods of their preparation, and methods of their agricultural use.

Abstract: A plant supporting formulation which is also suitable for use as a delivery vehicle, or a component of a delivery vehicle, for the delivery of one or more phytologically beneficial substances to a plant, and for enhancing the translocation of such delivered substance(s) in or on the plant, the formulation comprising a micro-emulsion constituted by a dispersion of vesicles or microsponges of a fatty acid based component in an aqueous carrier, the fatty acid based component comprising at least one long chain fatty acid based substance selected from the group consisting of free fatty acids and derivatives of free fatty acids. The dispersion is preferably characterized in that at least 50% of the vesicles or microsponges are of a diametrical size of between 50 nm and 5 micrometer. The dispersion is further also characterized in that the micro-emulsion has a zeta potential of between ?25 mV and ?60 mV.

Abstract: This invention relates to: a method for controlling the sexuality of hop, comprising applying a chemical to a hop female plant once or more and forming a fertile male flower capable of forming pollen on the female plant, wherein the chemical reduces a reaction with endogenous ethylene in the female plant; an embryo or seed, hop plant, and cone, capable of being obtained through the method; a method of screening for a hop plant; and a method of producing a hop plant variety.

Abstract: A 23 amino acid peptide, AtPep1, plays an important role as a signaling component of the innate immune system of Arabidopsis. The peptide precursor gene is transcribed in response to elicitors generated by pathogens, and AtPep1 is produced to amplify the signaling pathways. Seven paralogs of the AtproPep1 gene have been identified in the Arabidopsis genome, and orthologs have been identified in species of several agriculturally important families. AtPep1 and its paralogs and orthologs play important roles as endogenous signals to amplify innate immunity. The sequences of two AtPep1 receptors from Arabidopsis are also provided.

Abstract: Methods of controlling the maturation of plants and/or plant products (e.g. fruit, vegetable, ornamentals, etc.) by manipulating Alternative Oxidase (AOX) activity. An increase in activity hastens the maturation process while a decrease in activity slows or stops maturation.

Abstract: Described herein are seed treatment compositions comprising one or more glutathiones for enhancing plant growth and methods thereof. Further described are seeds coated with the seed treatment compositions described herein.

Abstract: Provided is a composition comprising (a) at least one cyclopropene molecular encapsulating agent complex, and (b) at least one salt other than calcium chloride, wherein the ratio of dry weight of said salt to dry weight of said cyclopropene molecular encapsulating agent complex is from 0.03 to 500, and wherein said composition either (i) has 30% or less water by weight, based on the weight of said composition, and has at least one said salt that is non-deliquescent, or (ii) has more than 30% water by weight, based on the weight of said composition, and has a ratio of dry weight of said salt to weight of said water of 0.05 or higher. Also provided are methods of storing and using such compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for improving fruit production or fruit quality in fruit trees, such as decreasing cold damage, increasing fruit size, increasing fruit quality, and/or increasing fruit set. In some embodiments, the disclosed methods include methods of decreasing cold damage to a fruit tree including applying an effective amount of a composition including DL-?-aminobutyric acid to the fruit tree, thereby decreasing cold damage, for example as compared to a control. In other embodiments, the disclosed methods include methods of increasing fruit size or fruit quality of fruit from a fruit tree, including applying an effective amount of a composition including prohexadione-calcium to the fruit tree after anthesis, thereby increasing fruit size or fruit quality, for example as compared to a control.

Abstract: A method for promoting the health of a plant comprises administering malic acid to the plant or the soil in an amount effective to recruit plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to the plant. Administration of malic acid promotes biofilm formation of PGPR on the plant's roots, thereby restricting entry of a foliar pathogen through stomatal pores present in the leaves. Another method for promoting the health of a plant comprises administering acetoin to the plant or the soil in an amount effective to increase pathogen resistance in aerial parts of the plant.

Abstract: The present invention teaches a surfactant blend composition of at least one nonionic alkoxylate and at least one sugar-based surfactant, and its use as an adjuvant for pesticides. The pesticidal composition employing the surfactant blend composition of the invention realizes an efficacy that is unexpectedly superior to similar pesticidal compositions which employ only the individual surfactant components. The composition of the present invention is useful as a tank side additive, or as a component in herbicidal formulations. In addition the compositions of the present invention are useful as adjuvants for other pesticides, such as, fungicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators, acaracides and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted 5-(bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-en-2-yl)penta-2,4-dienes and 5-(bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-en-2-yl)pent-2-ene-4-ines of the formula (I) and salts thereof, where the radicals R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, [X—Y] and Q are each as defined in the description, to processes for preparation thereof and to the use thereof for enhancing stress tolerance in plants with respect to abiotic stress, and/or for increasing plant yield.

Abstract: Described are synthetic promoters capable of mediating gene expression in plants upon pathogen infection. Furthermore, recombinant genes and vectors comprising said chimeric promoters as well as host cells transformed with such chimeric promoters, recombinant genes, or vectors are provided. Additionally, diagnostic compositions and kits comprising such chimeric promoters, recombinant genes, vectors or cells are described. Provided are further methods for the identification of compounds being capable of activating or inhibiting genes that are specifically expressed in plants upon pathogen infection employing the above described means. Furthermore, transgenic plant cells, plant tissue, and plants containing the above-described chimeric promoters, recombinant genes, and vectors as well as the use of the aforementioned chimeric promoters, recombinant genes, vectors and/or compounds identified by the method of the invention in plant cell and tissue culture, plant breeding, and/or agriculture are described.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for increasing the drought tolerance of selected ornamental plants comprising administering abscisic acid (ABA) or its salts to said plants.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods and compositions for modulating disease resistance in plants and transgenic plants.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of regulating plant stress tolerance.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a composition in low doses containing single L-amino acids, including their precursors and biologically still active metabolites, to influence the life processes of plants, such as their growth, whereby the total amount of single L-amino acids when applying the composition is at least 0.5 g/ha and at most 250 g/ha, and wherein the L-amino acids are selected from the group of glutamine, asparagine, aspartic acid, histidine, lysine, and combinations thereof with each other and/or with arginine and/or with glutamic acid.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for increasing the drought tolerance of selected ornamental plants comprising administering abscisic acid (ABA) or its salts to said plants.

Abstract: The invention provides a herbicidal composition containing, as an active ingredient, glycerol fatty acid ester obtained from fatty acid having an even-numbered carbon number of 6-12 and glycerol.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the treatment of a plant at the flowering or fruiting stage to reduce the number of fruits that the plant sets and grows to maturity with an effective amount of abscisic acid or its salts, derivatives or analogs.

Abstract: A method for promoting the health of a plant comprises administering malic acid to the plant or the soil in an amount effective to recruit plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to the plant. Administration of malic acid promotes biofilm formation of PGPR on the plant's roots, thereby restricting entry of a foliar pathogen through stomatal pores present in the leaves. Another method for promoting the health of a plant comprises administering acetoin to the plant or the soil in an amount effective to increase pathogen resistance in aerial parts of the plant.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous dispersion comprising microcapsules, the capsule wall of which is formed from radically polymerized monomers and the capsule core of which comprises at least one oil, in which the capsule core comprises at least one lipophilic surfactant and the continuous phase of the dispersion comprises at least one agrochemical. In addition, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of an aqueous dispersion by (i) providing an aqueous dispersion comprising microcapsules, the capsule wall of which is formed from radically polymerized monomers and the capsule core of which comprises at least one oil and at least one lipophilic surfactant (microcapsule crude dispersion), and (ii) mixing with at least one agrochemical.