Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of increasing the environmental stress tolerance of a plant, to methods of improving the quality and/or yield of a plant crop, to methods of application of agrochemicals having a physiological effect on a plant in the plant irrigation water, and to crops produced using said methods.

Abstract: Provided is a means for achieving an excellent plant growth promoting effect of a 5-aminolevulinic acid easily even with a few applications thereof. A solid fertilizer comprising the following components (A) and (B): (A) a 5-aminolevulinic acid represented by the following general formula (I): R2R1NCH2COCH2CH2COR3??(I) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group; and R3 is a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group or an amino group, a derivative thereof or a salt of the acid or the derivative, and (B) a solid fertilizer raw material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pelargonic acid formulation in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion and the use thereof for controlling undesired vegetation. The herbicidal pelargonic acid formulation according to the invention comprising: a) as component A, pelargonic acid or a mixture of aliphatic C6-C10-carboxylic acids with a pelargonic acid content of at least 80% by weight based on the total weight of the mixture; b) as component B, at least one organic solvent which under standard conditions has a water solubility of below 1 g/l and which has a boiling point of above 130° C.

Abstract: The invention consists of a method for manufacturing an aqueous formulation containing at least one oil, and comprising the steps of mixing at least one associative polymer, one oil, and water, encapsulating the oil by increasing the pH to a value greater than 8, potentially precipitating the mixture by reducing the pH to a value less than 6, and potentially isolating the resulting particles by removing the water. The aqueous formulations, as with the aqueous dispersions, and the resulting solid particles constitute other objects of the invention.

Abstract: Methods and compositions to temporarily delay the ripening, maturation, senescence and pathogen infection of produce such as fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants are provided. The methods involve the application of a photosynthetic pigment and/or membrane stabilizing chemical (e.g. glycine betaine) to produce which is identified as in need of such delay. Application may be prior to harvest, at or during harvest or post-harvest.

Abstract: A method of effecting at least one biological process in a plant is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a part of a seed, a plant, or the locus thereof with a mixture comprising an agriculturally acceptable mixture of (i) complex polymeric polyhydroxy acids and (ii) a phytotoxic amount of one or more alkali (earth) salts and/or a synergistic amount of at least one source of an agriculturally acceptable transition metal ions.

Abstract: Azelaic acid or its derivatives or analogs induce a robust and a speedier defense response against pathogens in plants. Azelaic acid treatment alone does not induce many of the known defense-related genes but activates a plant's defense signaling upon pathogen exposure.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of selected adjuvants to improve the performance of S-(+)-abscisic acid (S-ABA, ABA) or ABA salts on plants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for changing the development pattern, increasing the growth and starch accumulation, changing the structure of starch and increasing the resistance to water stress in plants. The method involves culturing plants in an atmosphere containing volatile elements emitted by a microorganism, without there being any physical contact between the microorganism and the plant. The method is based on the discovery that the volatile elements emitted by Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and microscopic fungi stimulate an increase in the growth of plants in general, with an increase in the height, the number of leaves and/or the number of branches of the plant, as well as an increase in the accumulated starch and structural change of this biopolymer, and modification of the development pattern, with an increase in floral buds. An increased resistance to water stress can also be observed, in addition to an increase in starch in leaves separated from whole plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to agricultural methods and compositions of 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) alone or in combination with 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) to reduce crop load of fruit trees.

Abstract: This invention concerns novel dispersants that are the reaction products of succinic anhydride-containing resins with certain amines. These water soluble dispersants have been found to be unique and highly effective dispersants for water insoluble agricultural suspension concentrate formulations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of LCOs in initiating earlier flowering, increased number of buds and flower buds and earlier fruit development in non legume and legume plants, as compared to flowering and fruit development under conditions without use of LCOs, and the enhancement of plant growth and yield associated therewith; to compositions comprising an effective amount of at least one LCO and agriculturally acceptable carriers, associated with earlier flowering, increased bud and flower numbers and earlier initiation of fruit development as compared to conditions without use of LCOs, and with increased growth and plant yield; and to methods using LCOs and compositions of one or more LCOs and agriculturally acceptable carriers, associated with earlier flowering initiation, increased bud and flower numbers and earlier fruit development in both legume and non-legume crop plants as compared to conditions without use of LCOs and associated enhancement of growth and yield.

Abstract: A herbicidal composition comprises in aqueous solution a mixture of salts of glyphosate at a total glyphosate a.e. concentration not less than about 360 g/l, wherein (a) said glyphosate is in anionic form accompanied by low molecular weight non-amphiphilic cations in a total molar amount of about 100% to about 120% of the molar amount of said glyphosate; (b) said cations comprise potassium and propylammonium (e.g., isopropylammonium) cations in a mole ratio of about 70:30 to about 90:10; and (c) said potassium and propylammonium cations together constitute about 90 to 100 molar percent of all of said low molecular weight non-amphiphilic cations in the composition.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for delaying bud break of perennial plants by applying abscisic acid (“ABA”) analogs to the plants before cold temperature induced dormancy in order to delay the timing of bud break in response to future temperature increases.

Abstract: Suspension concentrate compositions are disclosed for delivering S-(+)-Abscisic acid either alone or in combination with a second plant growth regulator to crop seed prior to planting as well as for foliar, soil drench, in-furrow and sprench (foliar spray and soil drench) applications are disclosed. The compositions, when properly combined in an aqueous carrier and processed through wet milling to achieve the desired particle size, will result in stable compositions that are desirable for treating crop seeds.

Abstract: The method of altering the alkaloid composition of a poppy plant comprising the step of applying an effective amount of acylcyclohexanedione compound or agriculturally acceptable salt thereof to said poppy plant or locus thereof. Further, the present invention also provides the method of altering the alkaloid composition of a poppy plant comprising the step of applying an effective amount of methyl jasmonate or agriculturally acceptable salt thereof to said poppy plant or locus thereof.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to determine novel means of activating plants; more particularly, means of controlling plant growth, such as means of promoting growth, means of controlling dormancy, means of imparting tolerance against stress for plants (dryness, high or low temperatures, osmotic pressure, etc.), and means of preventing aging. The present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by providing plant activators containing, as an active ingredient, C4-C24 ketol fatty acids, in particular, 9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid.

Abstract: To provide a polyphenol-content-increasing agent which increases the content of polyphenol in a plant. A polyphenol-content-increasing agent for plant, containing, as an active ingredient, a 5-aminolevulinic acid or a derivative thereof represented by the following formula (1): (Chem 1) R2R1NCH2COCH2CH2COR3??(1) wherein R1 and R2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group; R3 represents a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group which may have a substituent, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, or an amino group, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A shoot of a plant is cultivated under the presence of glutathione, so that the shoot is rooted. It is possible to cultivate the shoot under the presence of glutathione by use of a rooting medium including glutathione or by contacting a solution including glutathione with the shoot. Oxidized glutathione is preferably used as glutathione. By promoting rooting of the shoot of the plant, a rooting rate of the shoot of the plant is improved. This improves productivity of a clone seedling.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of selected adjuvants to improve the performance of S-(+)-abscisic acid (S-ABA, ABA) or ABA salts on plants.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a plant having enhanced resistance to environmental stress by controlling the expression of a histone modifying enzyme in a plant. The present invention relates to a method of producing a plant having enhanced resistance to environmental stress, comprising a step of suppressing or increasing the expression of a histone deacetylase gene.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to stable S-(+)-abscisic acid liquid and soluble granule formulations and methods of making and using such formulations.

Abstract: An inducing agent for plant root including a ketol unsaturated fatty acid having 5 to 24 carbon atoms, 1 to 6 double bonds between carbon atoms and an ? ketol structure or ? ketol structure (in particular 9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid is preferable), which inducing agent for plant root may be used to promote or induce the root growth even when transplanting by cutting plants for which root generation is hard such as pine, cedar, tea, chestnut, may be used even for root growth of cuttings of Prunus×yedoensis (cherry trees) for which root growth is considered impossible, Hypericum chinense for which is transplantation by cutting is said to be difficult, and Paraserianthes falcataria Becker useful as a material for plywood, and may be used by a simple technique such as spraying.

Abstract: A method for antimicrobial treatment (e.g. antimicrobial treatment of food packaging and equipment) comprising applying to microbes a composition containing a diluting solvent (e.g., water), an antimicrobially-active solvent having a density different from the density of the diluting solvent, and an optional cosolvent, surfactant, or additional antimicrobial agent, wherein the amount of antimicrobially-active solvent or additional antimicrobial agent is sufficiently high and the amount of cosolvent or surfactant is sufficiently low so that the composition will provide greater than a 1-log order reduction in the population of bacteria or spores of Bacillus cereus within 10 seconds at 60° C. Preferred methods of the invention employ compositions containing an additional antimicrobial agent such as peroxyacetic acid. Compositions for use in the method can be prepared as concentrates, and used full strength or in diluted form.

Abstract: This invention concerns novel dispersants that are the reaction products of succinic anhydride-containing resins with certain amines. These water soluble dispersants have been found to be unique and highly effective dispersants for water insoluble agricultural suspension concentrate formulations.

Abstract: A glycosyltransferase promoter and a recombinant nucleic acid, plant cell and transgenic plant containing thereof are provided. The promoter includes a nucleotide sequence as set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1˜7, a fragment having at least 10 contiguous bases of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1˜7 or a combination thereof, or a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more identity to the nucleotide sequence as set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1˜7.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns materials and methods for modulating lignin biosynthesis in sugarcane plants. In one embodiment, lignin biosynthesis is down-regulated. Genes and the proteins encoded thereby that can be targeted for achieving down-regulation of lignin in sugarcane include, for example, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). In one embodiment, the 4CL gene is 4CL-M, 4CL-N, or 4CL-L. The subject invention also concerns a sugarcane plant, specific plant tissue, and plant cells having modulated (e.g., down-regulated) lignin biosynthesis. The subject invention also concerns methods for producing a sugarcane plant having modulated (e.g., decreased or down-regulated) biosynthesis of lignin.

Abstract: A 5-aminolevulinic acid salt which is useful in fields of microorganisms, fermentation, animals, medicaments, plants and the like; a process for producing the same; a medical composition comprising the same; and a plant activator composition comprising the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for increasing the leaf-to-root ratio of the signal metabolite 2-oxoglutaramate and related proline molecules in plants by modulating levels of ?-amidase to increase nitrogen use efficiency, resulting in enhanced growth, faster growth rates, greater seed and fruit/pod yields, earlier and more productive flowering, increased tolerance to high salt conditions, and increased biomass yields.

Abstract: A method of inducing virus tolerance of plants which comprises treating the plants, the soil or seeds with an effective amount of a compound of the formula I.

Abstract: A method for increasing the vigor and/or crop yield of agricultural plants under essentially non-existent pathogen pressure, wherein the plants, the plant propagules, the seed of the plants and/or the locus where the plants are growing or are intended to grow are treated with an effective amount of a composition comprising a) the Bacillus subtilis strain with NRRL Accession No. B-21661 or a cell-free extract thereof, and/or a mutant of this strain or extract having all the identifying characteristics of the respective strain or extract as component (I), and b) optionally at least one chemical compound as component (II), selected from the active compound groups A) to J): A) strobilurins; B) carboxamides; C) azoles; D) heterocyclic compounds; E) carbamates; F) other active substances; G) growth regulators; H) herbicides; J) insecticides.

Abstract: A composition comprising a compound selected from an auxin, an auxin precursor, an auxin metabolite or a derivative of said auxin, auxin precursor or auxin metabolite or a mixture thereof and acetaminophen or a derivative thereof for use as a chemical thinning agent.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting an ethylene response in a field crop is disclosed, comprising the step of applying to at least one portion of at least one plant of said field crop an amount of a solution of a water soluble cyclopropyl-1-enyl-propanoic acid salt (WS-CPD, Formula I) effective to produce inhibition of an ethylene response in said at least one plant, wherein M is chosen from the group consisting of Na, Li, K, and ½Ca.

Abstract: The present invention describes an alternative approach to increase GABA production in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, namely by the insertion of the putrescine catabolic pathway in organisms where the pathway does not exist or has not clearly been identified. The invention describes methods for the use of polynucleotides that encode functional putrescine aminotransferase (PAT) and gamma-aminobutyricaldehyde dehydrogenase (GABAlde DeHase) polypeptides in plants to increase GABA production. The preferred embodiment of the invention is in plants but other organisms may be used. Changes in GABA availability will improve growth and increase tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new formulation activating the absorption of mineral nutrients by plants. Consequently, it has also an effect on the metabolization of these mineral compounds by the plant. These formulations that have been discovered with this property activating nutrient absorption have as main component the compounds represented by general formula 1 CH3—S—CH2—CH2—CH(OR1)—COR2??1 where R1 is selected from the group formed by hydrogen, alkyl rests, (preferably methyl or ethyl), and aryl: while R2 is selected from the group formed by hydroxyl, amides, alkyl rest esters (preferably methyl or ethyl), or aryl. When the rest is hydroxyl, acid salts with monovalent cations, preferably Na+ and K+, polyvalent cations, preferably Cu++ and Fe+++, and electropositive organic compounds such as amines (e.g., ethanolamine) are also considered.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of controlling the sexuality of a plant comprising treating the plant with a composition comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of jasmonic acid, a jasmonic acid derivative, and a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of inhibiting an ethylene response in a plant, comprising step of applying to at least one portion of the plant an effective ethylene response-inhibiting amount of a H1-cyclopropene-1-propanoic acid salt (CPAS). A method of prolonging the life of a cut flower, comprising applying to the cut flower an effective life-prolonging amount of CPAS and a method for the production a CPAS, comprising steps of (i) preparing 4-bromo-4-pentenoic acid or derivatives thereof; (ii) producing 1-cyclopropene-1-propanoic acid; and (iii), converting this acid into its water soluble salt, especially its sodium salt are presented. Additionally, a new family of water soluble CPAS inhibitors for ethylene response in a plant is disclosed.

Abstract: An agricultural chemical composition which enables a wide range of herbicidal compounds including ones showing phytotoxicity to crop plants, etc. upon mere application to exhibit a sufficient herbicidal effect and to show reduced or no phytotoxicity to the crop plants. The agricultural chemical composition comprises (A) a herbicidal compound selected from the group consisting of sulfonylurea compounds, sulfonamide compounds, chloroacetanilide compounds, thiocarbamate compounds, pyrimidinyloxy(thio)benzoic acid compounds, tetrazolinone compounds, pyrazole compounds, cyclohexanedione compounds, phenoxycarboxylic acid compounds, oxazinone compounds, and difluoromethanesulfonylanilide compounds or salts thereof and (B) a compound selected among benzoic acid compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for improving fruit production or fruit quality in fruit trees, such as decreasing cold damage, increasing fruit size, increasing fruit quality, and/or increasing fruit set. In some embodiments, the disclosed methods include methods of decreasing cold damage to a fruit tree including applying an effective amount of a composition including DL-?-aminobutyric acid to the fruit tree, thereby decreasing cold damage, for example as compared to a control. In other embodiments, the disclosed methods include methods of increasing fruit size or fruit quality of fruit from a fruit tree, including applying an effective amount of a composition including prohexadione-calcium to the fruit tree after anthesis, thereby increasing fruit size or fruit quality, for example as compared to a control.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures comprising a) a compound of the formula I in which X, m, Q and a are as defined in the description and b) one or more ethylene modulators (II) selected from the group consisting of: inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis which inhibit the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine into 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis which block the conversion of ACC into ethylene, or inhibitors of ethylene action, and also to compositions comprising them and to their use for controlling harmful fungi.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to an altered flower shape in plants belonging to the genera Osteospermum and Dimorphoteca, which is induced by a mutant allele, as well as to the method of breeding Osteospermum and Dimorphoteca plants having this altered flower shape.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of selected adjuvants to improve the performance of S-(+)-abscisic acid (S-ABA, ABA) or ABA salts on plants.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for increasing tolerance to abiotic stress and/or reducing the consequence of abiotic stress in a plant or part thereof comprising contacting a plant or part thereof with a composition comprising an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof.

Abstract: The new art of the present invention is use of calcium magnesium acetate to affect broadleaf weeds, as a result of exposure. The method enhances the speed of effectiveness of elimination of certain broadleaf weeds. The non toxic substance can help protect the environment. The optional method of using a binding liquid to cause a better adhering of the granular form of calcium magnesium acetate to the leaves of an unwanted plant in lawn grasses and less rolling off of the grains when applied to the leaves. Grinding to smaller micron grains even as small as dust and then applying to the leaves to affect unwanted weeds wherein by reduction of weight which the standard sized grains add to the leaf, the grinding helps limit grain roll off and weight added to the leaf. The optional method of converting the calcium magnesium grains to a liquid form, then applying to the broadleaf weed, is an option.

Abstract: A water-dispersible particle is provided that includes struvite in an amount ranging from 5% to 99.9% by weight of the total dry weight of the particle. A binder component is present in an amount from 1% to 95% by weight. The struvite and the binder component on that contact with water causes particle dispersion into more than 100 pieces. A process for making a water-dispersible particle includes mechanical aggregation of a struvite into a pellet. A binder component is present in the particle in an amount ranging from 1% to 95% by weight. The struvite and the binder component are present in a form such that contact with water causes particle dispersion into more than 100 pieces. The particle is then dried and ready to be applied.

Abstract: The present invention describes an alternative approach to increase GABA production in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, namely by the insertion of the putrescine catabolic pathway in organisms where the pathway does not exist or has not clearly been identified. The invention describes methods for the use of polynucleotides that encode functional putrescine aminotransferase (PAT) and gamma-aminobutyricaldehyde dehydrogenase (GABAlde DeHase) polypeptides in plants to increase GABA production. The preferred embodiment of the invention is in plants but other organisms may be used. Changes in GABA availability will improve growth and increase tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to determine novel means of activating plants; more particularly, means of controlling plant growth, such as means of promoting growth, means of controlling dormancy, means of imparting tolerance against stress for plants (dryness, high or low temperatures, osmotic pressure, etc.), and means of preventing aging. The present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by providing plant activators containing, as an active ingredient, C4-C24 ketol fatty acids, in particular, 9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid.

Abstract: The production of biomass and/or seeds is further increased. The production of biomass and/or seeds by a plant can be further increased by supplying glutathione to a plant into which a gene encoding protein phosphatase 2C having characteristic consensus sequences has been introduced.

Abstract: A method of producing a granular agrochemical composition having excellent handling properties, wherein a powdered agrochemical wettable composition or powdered agrochemical water-soluble composition is converted in form to a granular agrochemical composition, without altering the formulation thereof. The method of producing a granular agrochemical composition includes: treating a powdered agrochemical wettable composition or powdered agrochemical water-soluble composition by (1) a step of adding water, kneading, extruding and drying, (2) a step of adding water, granulating by stirring and drying, (3) a step of adding water, kneading and spray-drying, (4) a step of adding water and performing fluidized bed granulation, or (5) a step of pressure molding the powdered agrochemical wettable composition or powdered agrochemical water-soluble composition; followed by (a) a step of performing microgranulation by grinding, and if necessary, (b) a step of performing grain size regulation by sieving.

Abstract: A method of controlling or preventing pest and/or pathogenic damage in a plant propagation material, a plant, and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time, which comprises applying on the plant, part of the plant, or the surrounding area thereof, a pesticidal combination comprising, for example, at least two active ingredient components optionally together with one or more customary formulation auxiliaries, wherein component (I) is one or more insecticide(s) selected from the group comprising thiodicarb, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, chlorantraniliprole, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, tefluthrin, fipronil and abamectin and component (II) is one or more plant activators), provided that a) if component (II) is acibenzolar-S-methyl then component (I) is not solely thiamethoxam, b) if component (II) is acibenzolar-S-methyl or harpin then component (I) is not solely abamectin or a mixture of abamectin with one of clothianidin, imidacloprid or thiamethoxam, c) i