Abstract: An improved electric device utilizing a superconducting material. In order to avoid undesirable oxidation during firing of a ceramic to be superconducting material formed on the substrate, the superconducting material is provided only on the position in which the superconducting material does not contact the operational region of said semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A method for thermal environment sensing utilizing superconducting materi finds utility in the production of low power cryogenic flow meters, bolometers, level detectors and other types of thermal environment sensors. A device for determining the first and second derivatives (dV/dI and d.sup.2 V/dI.sup.2) utilizes a ramped current until a set value of the first derivative (dV/dI) is achieved, the current supply being placed in a feedback mode to maintain the first derivative constant and monitoring any changes in the second derivative (d.sup.2 V/dI.sup.2) which indicate changes in the thermal environment. Alternatively, the second derivative is maintained constant and the first derivative is measured. Any parameter which is indicative of the non-linearity of the relationship between the voltage and the current can be utilized instead of the second derivative.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for enhancing modulation of a relativistic electron beam are described. A relativistic electron beam having been modulated is produced and passed through a superconducting passage having a periodicity in the passing direction of said beam. The periodicity is coincident with the modulation of the beam so that the modulation of the beam is enhanced by interaction between the beam and the superconducting passage through electromagnetic fields. The modulated electron beam can be used for generating microwaves at low power consumption.

Abstract: A thin-film superconducting LC network comprising a dielectric substrate having first and second oppositely disposed surfaces, a first thin-film superconducting conductor on one of the surfaces defining an inductor, second and third thin-film superconducting conductors on said first and second surfaces, respectively, said second and third conductors opposing each other and having at least a portion of the dielectric substrate therebetween to form a capacitor, and thin-film superconducting conductor for interconnecting the inductor and capacitor to form a desired LC network. In one embodiment, the substrate between the second and third conductors have a thickness less than the thickness of the substrate between the first conductor and it oppositely disposed surface. In another embodiment, the inductor is defined by a plurality of closely spaced adjacent turns and a channel is disposed within the substrate between the adjacent turns.

Abstract: A superconductinve magneto-resistive device for use in a sensor system for sensing an external magnetic field which is formed so as to have a predetermined pattern for a current path through which a supplied current flows. The pattern includes portions formed close and parallel to each other so that magnetic fields induced by respective currents flowing through the portions can be cancelled with each other.

Abstract: A microwave resonator includes a ground conductor formed on an under surface of a dielectric layer and a signal conductor formed on an upper surface of the dielectric layer separately so that the signal and ground conductors cooperate to form a microstrip line. The signal conductor has a launching pad portion for receiving a signal, and a resonating conductor portion forming an inductor. The resonating conductor portion is formed separated from the launching pad portion so that a gap between the launching pad portion and the resonating conductor portion forms a capacitor. Thus, the inductor formed by the resonating conductor portion of the signal conductor and the capacitor formed by the gap between the launching pad portion and the resonating conductor portion form a resonator circuit.

Abstract: A structure having a surface exposed to electromagnetic radiation in the microwave or millimeter-wave spectrum wherein discrete elements including a high-temperature superconducting film formed on a substrate are disposed on the surface.

Abstract: A board containing plural superconducting power planes, one for each required potential level, is used to distribute power to one or more semiconductor logic chips which, together with the board, are immersed in liquid nitrogen. Each chip is coupled thermally to a heat exchanger and is coupled electrically to the board through leads that minimize heat transfer from the chip to the board.

Abstract: A variable superconducting delay line system and method having a high temperature superconducting trace and ground plane characterized by a variable inductance L per unit length and capacitance C per unit length, wherein the system and method permit users to select a delay time for an incoming signal propagating through a the transmission line. The system is adapted to keep the ratio of L/C constant, while independently changing L and C to achieve the desired delay time, which corresponds to the product of L times C.

Abstract: A waveguide cavity filter having a conductive housing, a plurality of high dielectric constant ceramic resonators disposed within the conductive housing and at least a portion of a sheet of superconductive material which is constrained to be at an ambient temperature below the critical temperature of the superconductor and disposed in contact with at least one of the side walls of the conductive housing and with an opposing surface of each of the resonators, such that the resonators are in close superconductive contact with the side walls of the conductive housing. In particularly, the superconductive sheet is a layer of high temperature superconductor. In a first embodiment of the invention, the resonators in the shape of cylindrical plugs are disposed with a flat surface juxtaposed to the side wall.

Abstract: Superconducting fluids are disclosed. The fluid is made by dispersing a superconducting oxide ceramic powder in a liquid nitrogen. A magnetic field shielding device is constructed by disposing the fluid in a suitable container which is adapted to have the superconducting fluid surrounding a space to be shielded from an external magnetic field.

Abstract: A stripline filter with suppressed electro-magnetic leakage. A filter topology suppresses generation of spurious waveguide modes by structuring microstrip launchers to operate as a waveguide way beyond cutoff of the waveguide modes, and by damping out remaining waveguide mode energy with lossy stripes in the filter package.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new method for the separation of gaseous paramagnetic species from diamagnetic or weakly paramagnetic gaseous species by contacting the mixture of such species with a high Tc superconductive material in permeable form, so that one of the species is enriched respective of the other one by permeation through such porous barrier.

Abstract: A superconductive device and method for the manufacture thereof is disclosed, having a tunneling Josephson element comprising a first oxide superconductor electrode, a blocking layer consisting of a metal substantially inert to oxygen formed on the surface of the oxide superconductor, an insulating thin film layer formed on the blocking layer, and a second superconductor electrode opposing said first electrode formed on the insulating thin film.

Abstract: In a quasi-optical gyrotron, two coils (3a, 3b) in a Helmholtz arrangement generate a static magnetic field which is axially symmetrical with respect to an electron beam axis (2). As a result, the electrons passing along the electron beam axis (2) parallel to the magnetic field are forced into gyration and excite an alternating electromagnetic field in a quasi-optical resonator. The resonator comprises two mirrors (4a, 4b) which are arranged opposite to one another on a resonator axis (5) and which exhibit a superconducting reflective surface (6a, 6b). The resonator axis (5) is aligned perpendicularly to the electron beam axis (2) between the two coils (3a, 3b). So that the superconduction is not impaired by the strong magnetic field, means for suppressing the magnetic field at the location of the mirros (4a, 4b) are provided. These means preferably comprise a yoke (10) of a material having a high magnetic permeability.

Abstract: A bearing system that includes a superconductor bearing and a magnetic rotor that can carry a load. The bearing system exploits the Meissner effect to levitate the magnetic rotor. The magnetic rotor can rotate or translate with respect to the superconductor bearing in response to an applied external force or torque. Advantages of the bearing system are that a coefficient of friction developed in the interface between the superconductor bearing and the magnetic rotor is approximately zero, and the bearing system may be used for vibration isolation and non-mechanical coupling.

Abstract: A device employing frictionless bearings including a mass of superconductor material having a superconducting temperature T.sub.c above about 77.degree. K., a magnet having an axis of symmetry being levitated from said mass of superconductor material so as to be rotatable about its axis of symmetry, and a support member attached to the magnet, the support member being driven so as to cause the magnet to rotate about its axis of symmetry.Additionally, there is included a frictionless commutator wherein a signal beam is intermittently interrupted by a member attached to the magnet, such intermittent interruption of the beam being detected and employed to cause alternate energization and de-energization of a solenoid which, in turn, creates a magnetic field. The solenoid magnetic field is employed to attract and repel second magnets positioned about the member so as to rotatably drive the first magnet.

Abstract: Systems for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic signal radiation are disclosed. The inventive systems are distinguished from previous such systems in that each includes at least one resonant cavity comprising a housing containing a body, e.g., a cylindrical or helical body, of relatively high T.sub.c superconducting material. Significantly, this body is fabricated using a new, unconventional procedure. As a result, the body exhibits substantially lower surface resistances than either previous such bodies of relatively high T.sub.c superconducting material, fabricated using conventional procedures, or bodies of copper, at 77 Kelvins and at frequencies ranging from about 10 MHz to about 2000 MHz. Moreover, as a consequence, the resonant cavity containing the unconventionally fabricated body exhibits much higher quality factors, Q, at the above temperature and frequencies, than previous such cavities containing either conventionally fabricated bodies of relatively high T.sub.

Abstract: A superconducting transistor comprises: a superconducting collector layer for drawing out quasiparticles from a superconducting base layer while a carrier concentration thereof is maintained at a level lower than in metal and at a high level where the superconducting property, is exhibited said superconducting collector layer being formed of predetermined component elements which are formed by a predetermined composition rate, a first barrier layer provided on the superconducting collector layer, formed of a substance having the same component elements as that of the collector layer and having different composition rate from that of the collector layer, and said first barrier layer having a low carrier concentration where the superconducting property is not exhibited, a superconducting base layer provided on the first barrier layer, formed of a substance having the same component elements as that of the superconducting collector layer, a second barrier layer provided on the superconducting base layer formed o

Abstract: A process for silver coating superconducting ceramic powder by(1) mixing AgNO.sub.3 with the superconducting ceramic powder particles;(2) melting the AgNO.sub.3 so that it wets and forms a uniform coating over he surfaces of the particles; and(3) decomposing the AgNO.sub.3 to form a thin, uniform coating of silver metal on the surfaces of the particles.The product is a loose powder of superconducting ceramic particles which are uniformly coated with silver metal. The powder can be cold worked (e.g., swaged, forged, etc.) to form superconducting structures such as rods or wires.

Abstract: Rotating gears and clutches which exhibit no contact, and which incorporate high-T.sub.c superconducting ceramic compositions. The devices can have two discs of selected proportion, coupled to each other by a controllable magnetic field, so as to transmit the desired torque in a given application. These devices are most useful in ultra-high speed rotational apparatus, where conventional devices cannot be used because of limitations in strengths of materials used for such applications.

Abstract: A superconducting motor (1) comprises a stator (3) and a rotor (5), both of which employ superconductive windings. The rotor includes two sets of windings, a large rotor winding (13) and a small rotor winding (15). The windings are connected to form a current loop (16) which is exposed to a magnetic field. Switches (S1,S2) or diodes (D1,D2) are employed to trap a maximum number of magnetic flux lines in the loop when the magnetic field is impressed on the loop. Thereafter, the trapped flux is transferred from the small to the large winding to run the motor. When the switches are closed, the loop acts as a perfect conductor whereby no flux change occurs within the loop.

Abstract: A target according to the present invention contains metallic copper ranging from about 8% to about 40% by volume and an oxide containing a rare earth metal such as yttrium and an alkaline earth metal, and has a metallic structure where the oxide is substantially uniformly dispersed into the metallic copper, so that a large thermal conductivity, great mechanical strength and a low electric resistivity are achieved.

Abstract: Diamagnetic colloids of superconductive particles form stationary, rotary and translational seals by the use of appropriate magnetic fields. Specific embodiments include a generalized stationary seal and a family of rotary seals with opposing surfaces.

Abstract: A superconductive material including a substrate and a superconductive layer of a double oxide of metals provided on the substrate is produced by a method which comprises the steps of:(a) providing a solution containing a blend of metal compounds having a composition corresponding to that of the double oxide;(b) applying the solution on the substrate to form a liquid film;(c) drying the liquid film; and(d) calcining the dried film to convert the metal compounds into the superconductive double oxide of the metals.

Abstract: This invention relates to a magnetic memory including a first superconductor wire, a second superconductor wire disposed in such a manner as to cross the first superconductor wire substantially orthogonally, a first magnetic film disposed at the point of intersection between the first and second superconductor wires and a second magnetic film interposed between the first magnetic film and the first or second superconductor films, wherein at least one of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy within the plane of the films and coercive force of the first and second magnetic films is mutually different. Furthermore, a superconductor film containing a large number of microscopic Josephson junctions is disposed between the first and second magnetic films or on the other side of the superconductor wire connected to the magnetic film, and a lead wire for applying a current is connected to the superconductor film.

Abstract: A noble unit cell structure in a magnetic memory is disclosed, in which a ferromagnetic film is sandwiched between first and second wires at a cross-over area, and third and fourth wires are provided so as to sandwich the first wire. The third wire is contacted with the first wire so as to form a ring portion surrounding the ferromagnetic film and the second wire. The fourth wire is isolated from the first wire. At least the first, second and third wires are made of superconductive material. The ferromagnetic film has a uniaxial anisotropy along the second wire and its magnetization direction can be reversed by applying pulse currents to the second and fourth wires in an information writing process. In a reading process, the magnetization direction of the ferromagnetic film can be recognized by detecting either one of a superconductive state or a normal conductive state at the ring portion of the first and third wires.

Abstract: A method for forming metallized coatings on ceramics for high-temperature uses above about 630.degree. C. comprising the steps of: preparing a metallizing composition of mixed ingredients of differing sizes, proportioning the differing sizes to have nonsegregating qualities when applied onto the ceramics, coating the metallizing composition on the ceramics; and heating to form the desired metallized layer.

Abstract: A read only memory device includes a first electrode and a second electrode arranged in an overlapping relation with the first electrode so as to be geometrically in connection at an intersection therewith corresponding to a storage location for one type of data. At least one of the first and second electrodes is formed of a ceramics system high temperature superconductor. A prescribed one of the two electrodes which is formed of the high temperature superconductor has a high resistance region for insulating the first and second electrodes from each other at an intersection corresponding to a storage location for another type of stored data. The high resistance region is formed by irradiating an intersection with a focused ion beam.

Abstract: A process for silver coating superconducting ceramic powder by(1) coating the superconducting ceramic powder particles with AgNO.sub.3 ;(2) melting the AgNO.sub.3 so that it wets and forms a uniform coating over the surfaces of the particles; and(3) decomposing the AgNO.sub.3 to form a thin, uniform coating of silver metal on the surfaces of the particles.The product is a loose powder of the superconducting ceramic particles which are uniformly coated with silver metal. The powder can be cold worked (e.g., swaged, forged, etc.) to form superconducting structures such as rods or wires.

Abstract: A patterned crystalline superconducting layer is formed by first providing a copper oxide lift-off layer under an amorphous metal oxide superconducing precursor layer and then photolithographically forming a pattern in the layers. The patterned layers are then heat treated to form the final crystalline superconducting layer.

Abstract: A superconducting magnetic bearing assembly has an outer element having an axis. Disposed about the axis, the outer element has first and second inverted generally conical surfaces, each surface disposed at an acute angle to the axis. These surfaces define a volume. Fixedly disposed within the volume is an inner element rotatable relative to the outer element. The inner element has first and second conical inner elements. The first conical inner element has a first surface opposed to and spaced from said first generally conical surface of the outer element, the opposed first surfaces lying generally parallel to each other. The second conical inner element has a second surface opposed to and spaced from the second generally conical surface of the outer element, the opposed second surfaces lying generally parallel to each other.

Abstract: A combination of optical interconnect technology with superconducting matal to form a superconducting neural network array. Superconducting material in a matrix has the superconducting current decreased in one filament of the matrix by interaction of the Cooper pairs with radiation controlled by a spatial light modulator. This decrease in current results in a switch of current, in a relative sense, to another filament in the matrix. This "switching" mechanism can be used in a digital or analog fashion in a superconducting computer application.

Abstract: A non-contacting superconducting rotating assembly is described which includes a floating, unsupported and stable rotor. The assembly includes first and second bearings comprised of a material which exhibits Type II superconducting properties. The rotor includes a magnetic pole at each of its extremities, each pole resting in a bearing. The polar axis of each pole is colinear with the rotating axis of the rotor. A temperature bath is provided for maintaining the bearings at or below their critical superconducting temperature and a motive mechanism provides for rotation of the rotor. Each magnet pole is thereby levitated and adapted to rotate in a stable, non contacting position by the field and pinning effects generated by the associated bearing.

Abstract: A passive ferromagnetic material is transformed into a permanent magnet with more than double the existing energy product or "strength" by encasing a bar of the passive ferromagnetic material in an annular shell of superconductive material at a temperature above the transition temperature of the superconductive material, placing the encased ferromagnetic material into an axial magnetic field providing sufficient oersteds to magnetize the passive ferromagnetic material thereby enclosing a large amount of flux in the superconducting shell, lowering the temperature to below the transition temperature of the superconductive material whereupon all of the enclosed flux is permanently trapped, and removing the axial magnetic field.

Abstract: A non-contacting superconducting rotating assembly is described which includes a floating, unsupported and stable rotor. The assembly includes first and second bearings comprised of a material which exhibits Type II superconducting properties. The rotor includes a magnetic pole at each of its extremities, each pole resting in a bearing. The polar axis of each pole is colinear with the rotating axis of the rotor. A temperature bath is provided for maintaining the bearings at or below their critical superconducting temperature and a motive mechanism provides for rotation of the rotor. Each magnet pole is thereby levitated and adapted to rotate in a stable, non-contacting position by the field and pinning effects generated by the associated bearing.