Abstract: Disclosed are a gear oil composition for automobiles containing at least (A) a base oil, (B) a sulfur-based extreme pressure agent, and (C) a phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent and satisfying specific requirements (i) and (ii), which is excellent in seizing resistance and wear resistance and also in fuel-saving performance, and a lubrication method using the gear oil composition.

Abstract: Provided are; a lubricating oil composition excellent in fuel saving performance, seizure resistance, wear resistance, fatigue lifetime and shear stability, which contains a base oil (A), an olefin polymer (B) having a number average molecular weight of 1,000 or more and 12,000 or less, and a specific sulfur compound (C) and wherein the content of all sulfur atoms based on the total amount of the composition is 1.2% by mass or more and 2.5% by mass or less; and a lubrication method using the lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lubricating oil composition for gear oil, comprising a lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 140 to 350 mm2/s, a copolymer of an ?-olefin and an ester monomer having a polymerizable unsaturated bond, a performance additive containing phosphorus and sulfur, and a poly(meth)acrylate pour-point depressant.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine with reduced low-speed pre-ignition events and corrosion resistance. The oil composition includes a base oil, one or more overbased calcium sulfonate detergents, one or more overbased calcium phenate detergents, and one or more overbased magnesium-containing detergents. A ratio of ppm of calcium to TBN of the oil composition is less than 170; a ratio of ppm of magnesium to total soap content in wt. % is greater than 700; and there are limited amounts of boron and molybdenum, and all weight percentages and ppm values being based on the total weight of the oil composition. The compositions give low LSPI ratios and pass the Ball Rust test.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil includes greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents, one or more overbased magnesium-containing detergents and one or more molybdenum compounds and leads to a more than 60% reduction in LSPI compared to the LSPI of a reference oil and passes the Ball Rust Test. The ratio of wt % calcium from the overbased detergents to wt. % of magnesium from the overbased detergents is less than 11.9. A ratio of total ppm of magnesium to total TBN of the lubricating oil in mg KOH/g is greater than 19. A ratio of the total ppm of calcium to the total TBN of the lubricating oil is less than 222. The oil and method may reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion relative to commercially available lubricating oils.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium sulfonate detergent(s) and one or more overbased calcium phenate detergent(s). The calcium, boron, nitrogen, and amount of soap are maintained within certain ratios, and the total base number contribution from all detergents to the lubricating oil composition is less than 4.2 mg KOH/g of the lubricating oil composition, as measured by the method of ASTM D-2896. The lubricating oil composition and method may be effective to reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition relative to capable lubricating oil compositions.

Abstract: A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.

Abstract: A method of preparing a lubricating oil additive composition comprising reacting (A) a nitrogen-containing reactant derived from reacting a first reaction product with a triglyceride, wherein the first reaction product is derived by reacting an alkanolamine and a base, wherein the nitrogen-containing reactant comprises three equivalents of a nitrogen-containing compound and one equivalent of glycerol, and wherein the nitrogen-containing reactant contains less than 10 mass percent of glycerol alkyl ester; (B) a source of boron; and (C) glycerol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to functional fluid compositions containing antioxidants, and specifically stable compositions containing antioxidants with limited solubility in and/or limited compatibility with the functional fluids with which they are used. In particular the present invention deals with functional fluids used in internal combustion engines, such as engine oils, and antioxidants containing a phenolic or benzoic group, where the antioxidant is present in the functional fluid composition at levels that would otherwise cause the composition to be unstable and/or hazy.

Abstract: Provided are a lubricating engine oil and a method of improving nitrile seal compatibility with a lubricating oil in an engine lubricated with such lubricating oil. The method includes using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil comprising a lubricating oil base stock as a major component and one or more additives selected from the group consisting of (i) a sulfone, sulfolane, or derivative thereof; (ii) a borate ester, boron amide, or mixtures thereof; (iii) a sulfurized olefin; (iv) a thiadiazole or derivative thereof; and (v) a succinic anhydride or derivative thereof, as a minor component. Nitrile seal compatibility is improved as compared to nitrile seal compatibility achieved using a lubricating oil containing a minor component other than the one or more additives.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition used in an internal combustion engine contains lubricating base oil; a disulfide compound as a component (A), a no-boron-containing ashless dispersant as a component (B), and a boron-containing ashless dispersant as a component (C). The disulfide compound as the component (A) is represented by the following formula (1) and/or the following formula (2). The no-boron-containing ashless dispersant as the component (B) has in its side chain: an alkyl group having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 3,000; or an alkenyl group having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 3,000. The boron-containing ashless dispersant as the component (C) has in its side chain: an alkyl group having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 4,000; or an alkenyl group having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 4,000.

Abstract: A gear oil additive composition and gear oil composition comprising a organic polysulfide having at least 30 wt % of a dialkyl polysulfide compound or mixture of dialkyl polysulfide compounds, a thiadiazole; and at least one ashless phosphorus-containing wear inhibitor compound is disclosed as having low yellow corrosion in axles and transmissions.

Abstract: Multi-functional additives which impart improved antioxidancy to lubricating oil compositions and frictional properties resulting in improved fuel economy in an internal combustion engine are disclosed. More particularly disclosed is a boron containing salt of an oil soluble hydroxylated amine and a hindered phenolic acid product prepared by: a) reacting an oil soluble hydroxylated amine of the general formula II: wherein A at each occurrence is each independently C2-C6 alkylene group; R is methyl or an alkyl or alkenyl group having C2-C24 carbon atoms; Y is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl group or A-OH; x is an integer of 1 or 2; and z is an integer of 0 or 1; with a boron containing compound under reactive conditions; and b) mixing the reaction product of step a) with a hindered phenolic acid.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a lubricant composition comprising a first phosphorus compound, a second phosphorus compound, and a third phosphorus compound, wherein the first phosphorus compound is present in the lubricant composition in an amount to provide between about 120 and 350 ppm phosphorus. The lubricant composition may provide robust anti-wear and reduced pitting.

Abstract: Multi-functional additives which impart improved antioxidancy to lubricating oil compositions and frictional properties resulting in improved fuel economy in an internal combustion engine are disclosed. More particularly disclosed is a boron containing salt of an oil soluble hydroxylated amine and a hindered phenolic acid product prepared by: a) reacting an oil soluble hydroxylated amine of the general formula II: wherein A at each occurrence is each independently C2-C6 alkylene group; R is methyl or an alkyl or alkenyl group having C2-C24 carbon atoms; Y is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl group or A-OH; x is an integer of 1 or 2; and z is an integer of 0 or 1; with a boron containing compound under reactive conditions; and b) mixing the reaction product of step a) with a hindered phenolic acid.

Abstract: Chemically-modified fatty acids prepared by reacting epoxidized fatty acids, their esters or triglyceride oils with borate compounds. The fatty acid derivatives produced are of the formula: wherein R is an H, branched or straight chain alkyl or alkenyl group, aromatic-containing group, glycerol, or glyceride, R? is a C3 to C29 aliphatic chain comprising one or more of the derivatized methylene groups of the formula: wherein m, n, and p are independently selected from 0 and 1; X is selected from O, NH, C(O)O, S, —C?N, —N?C?O, —N?C; and a borate of the formula: and R1 is selected from aryl, and straight, branched, cyclic or heterocyclic hydrocarbons or substituted hydrocarbons. These fatty acid derivatives have utility as antiwear/antifriction additives for industrial oils, fuels, and automotive applications.

Abstract: Molybdenum-free lubricating compositions are provided, having an antioxidation additive composition based on a combination of (1) alkylated diphenylamine (APDA), (2) polyamine dispersant, and (3) monoglyceride, ethoxylated amide, or mixtures thereof. Further synergy is achieved when component (3) is borated, allowing a reduction in phosphorus levels to below 0.08% or even a phosphorus-free composition.

Abstract: An additive for imparting antiwear properties to a lubricant composition is based on a combination of (1) an organo borate ester composition and (2) one or more sulfur- or phosphorus-containing compounds or a non-sulfur molybdenum compound. The sulfur- or phosphorus-containing compounds are dithiocarbamate, bisdithiocarbamate, 1,3,4-diathiazole, phosphorodithioate, phosphorodithioate esters, and the molybdenum compound is prepared by reacting (a) about 1.0 mole of fatty oil having 12 or more carbon atoms, (b) about 1.0 to 2.5 moles diethanolamine and (c) a molybdenum source.

Abstract: A gear oil additive composition and gear oil composition comprising a organic polysulfide having at least 30 wt % of a dialkyl polysulfide compound or mixture of dialkyl polysulfide compounds, a thiadiazole; and at least one ashless phosphorus-containing wear inhibitor compound is disclosed as having low yellow corrosion in axles and transmissions.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for a continuously variable transmission according to the invention includes: a base oil of lubricating oil; components (A) to (C) below: (A) an acidic phosphorus compound expressed by a formula (1) below, where: R1, R2 and R3 each independently represent hydrogen or an alkyl group having 8 or less carbon atoms, R1, R2 and R3 being not simultaneously hydrogen nor the alkyl group, X1, X2, X3 and X4 each represent oxygen or sulfur, and n represents zero or one, in which when n is zero, at least two of X1, X2 and X3 are sulfur and when n is one, at least two of X1, X2, X3 and X4 are sulfur; (B) an imide compound; and (C) an alkaline earth metal salt.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition used in an internal combustion engine contains lubricating base oil; a disulfide compound as a component (A), a no-boron-containing ashless dispersant as a component (B), and a boron-containing ashless dispersant as a component (C). The disulfide compound as the component (A) is represented by the following formula (1) and/or the following formula (2). The no-boron-containing ashless dispersant as the component (B) has in its side chain: an alkyl group having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 3,000; or an alkenyl group having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 3,000. The boron-containing ashless dispersant as the component (C) has in its side chain: an alkyl group having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 4,000; or an alkenyl group having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 4,000.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity with an iodine number less than about 9, (A) one or more antioxidant, and (B) from about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of at least one dispersant or detergent, wherein the total amount of antioxidant is at least about 2% by weight. The additives are useful act controlling oxidation of lubricants. Further, these lubricants have reduced viscosity increase caused by oxidation, while maintaining favorable carbon/varnish ratings.

Abstract: An additive for imparting antiwear properties to a lubricant composition is based on a combination of (1) an organo borate ester composition and (2) one or more sulfur- or phosphorus-containing compounds or a non-sulfur molybdenum compound. The sulfur- or phosphorus-containing compounds are dithiocarbamate, bisdithiocarbamate, 1,3,4-diathiazole, phosphorodithioate, phosphorodithioate esters, and the molybdenum compound is prepared by reacting (a) about 1.0 mole of fatty oil having 12 or more carbon atoms, (b) about 1.0 to 2.5 moles diethanolamine and (c) a molybdenum source.

Abstract: A lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity; an amine salt of a phosphorus acid ester; a thiadiazole copper corrosion inhibitor; an overbased metal detergent; a boron compound; and at least one friction modifier provides good lubrication of a mechanical device such as a farm tractor, even though such composition is substantially free from zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.

Abstract: A novel hydroxyalkyldithiocarbamate borate ester compound is presented according to the formula: where R=alkyl C1 to C25; R?=H or CO2R; R?=(CH2)mOH where m=1 to 8, or alkyl C1 to C25; n=1 to 8. The borate ester compound is prepared by reacting boric acid with a novel hydroxyalkyldithiocarbamate ester compound according to the formula, and optionally with an alcohol: where R, R?, R? and n are as above. The hydroxyalkyldithiocarbamate ester is prepared by reacting a hydroxyalkylamine with CS2, and an acrylate or maleate compound. A lubricating composition is based on a major amount of lubricating oil and a minor amount of the hydroxyalkyldithiocarbamate borate ester.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lubricating composition comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a friction modifier; (c) a corrosion inhibitor; (d) an antiwear agent; and (e) a product prepared by heating together: (i) a dispersant; (ii) 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole or a hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, or oligomers thereof; (iii) a borating agent;and (iv) optionally a dicarboxylic acid of an aromatic compound selected from the group consisting of 1,3 diacids and 1,4 diacids, or (v) optionally a phosphorus acid compound, said heating being sufficient to provide a product of (i), (ii), (iii) and optionally (iv), which is soluble in an oil of lubricating viscosity. The invention further provides a use for the lubricating composition in a transmission.

Abstract: An additive compound comprising a non-borated and/or borated reaction product, in which the reaction product is obtained by reacting a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated monovalent aliphatic acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, urea, and polyalkylenepolyamine, when employed in a lubricating oil composition is favorably employable as an automatic transmission fluid of internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Disclosed is an additive composition that can be mixed with various types of basic oils to produce a lubricant that can meet the international standards of manual truck gearbox oils. A preferred embodiment includes various quantities of an isobutylene sulfide, zinc dialklydithiophosate and other components. Component properties of the additive composition are selected to produce a lubricant that has good thermal stability, rust-resisting and endurance qualities and that has a low cost of use and production.

Abstract: A lubricating composition for internal combustion engines especially useful with fuels having less than 350 ppm sulfur comprises a lubricating oil basestock, a boron containing ashless dispersant, a molybdenum containing friction reducing agent, a metal type detergent and zinc dithiophosphate.

Abstract: The invention concerns polyalkoxylated superamides of the following formulae: [R1—CONR2—CH2CHR3—O—CHR4—CHR5O)m—(CH2CH2O)n]9 p(I); R1—CON—[CH2CHR3—O—(CHR4—CHR5O)m—(CH2CH2O)n—X]2, formulae wherein: R1 presents a C7-C22 hydrocarbon radical; R2, R3, represent a hydrogen or a C1-C4 hydrocarbon radical; R4, R5 represent a hydrogen or an alkyl radical comprising 1 to 2 carbon atoms, provided that one or more of said two radicals is a hydrogen; X represents a hydrogen, a C1-C6 hydrocarbon radical, a phosphate, carboxylate, sulphate, sulphonate group; m ranges between 0 and 20 exclusive; n ranges between 0 and 50 exclusive; p is equal to 1 or 2, depending on what X represents. The invention also conerns a method for obtaining said compounds and their use in particular as emulsifying agent for oils.

Abstract: A lubricating composition for internal combustion engines especially useful with fuels having less than 350 ppm sulfur comprises a lubricating oil basestock, a boron containing ashless dispersant, a molybdenum containing friction reducing agent, a metal type detergent and zinc dithiophosphate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an additive composition that can be mixed with various types of basic oils to produce a lubricant that can meet the international standards of manual truck gearbox oils. A preferred embodiment includes various quantities of an isobutylene sulfide, zinc dialklydithiophosate and other components. Component properties of the additive composition are selected to produce a lubricant that has good thermal stability, rust-resisting and endurance qualities and that has a low cost of use and production.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl substituted C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 monounsaturated dicarboxylic acid, anhydrides or esters, e.g. polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, preferably made by reacting polymer of C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 monoolefin, preferably polyisobutylene, having a molecular weight of about 1500 to 5,000, preferably with a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 monounsaturated acid, anhydride or ester, preferably maleic anhydride, such that there are 1.05 to 1.25 dicarboxylic acid producing moieties per molecule of said olefin polymer used in the reaction mixture. The resulting materials are useful per se as oil additives, or may be further reacted with amines, alcohols, amino alcohols, boric acid, etc. to form dispersants.

Abstract: Disclosed is a metal working composition comprising a major amount of water and a minor amount of an additive comprising(A) at least one carboxylic ester characterized by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.0 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, --CH.sub.2 COOR.sup.2 or --CH.sub.2 CO(OCHR.sup.5 CH.sub.2).sub.n OR.sup.6, R.sup.1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R.sup.2 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or --CO(OCHR.sup.5 CH.sub.2).sub.n OR.sup.6, R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a methyl group, R.sup.6 is an aliphatic group containing from 4 to 30 carbon atoms or a phenyl or aliphatic substituted phenyl group wherein the aliphatic substituent contains from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is --COOR.sup.2, or --CO(OCHR.sup.5 CH.sub.2).sub.n OR.sup.6 and n is an integer of from 1 to 30; with the proviso that when R.sup.0 does not equal hydrogen, methyl or ethyl that R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: Oil-based functional fluid compositions formulated for use as automatic transmission fluid, fluid for a wet brake system, or a friction-depending lubricant are improved by including in the composition a minor amount of at least one alcohol or polyol having less than 12 carbon atoms in the molecule. This results in a desirable increase in the dynamic and/or static coefficients of friction of automatic transmission or other frictional surfaces contacted by the composition. Preferred for this use is a composition formed by heating at least one ashless dispersant containing basic nitrogen and/or at least one hydroxyl group with a combination of at least (i) an inorganic acid of phosphorus, (ii) a boron compound, and (iii) a polyol having less than 12 carbon atoms, so that a liquid composition is formed. The boron compound and the inorganic phosphorus acid are preferably co-present during the heating.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl substituted C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 monounsaturated dicarboxylic acid, anhydrides or esters, e.g. polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, preferably made by reacting polymer of C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 monoolefin, preferably polyisobutylene, having a number arrange molecular weight of about 700 to 1200, preferably with a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 monounsaturated acid, anhydride or ester, preferably maleic anhydride, such that there are 1.2 to 2.0 dicarboxylic acid producing moieties per molecule of said olefin polymer used in the reaction mixture. The resulting materials may be further reacted with amines, alcohols, amino alcohols, boric acid, etc. to form dispersants.

Abstract: A lubricating oil for two-cycle engines, which comprises a polyoxyalkylene glycol derivative represented by the following formula as a base oil, can be used to lubricate bearing portions and frictional portions of an two-cycle engine, so that the engine can be remarkably improved in generation of smoke, starting performance, cleanliness to prevent its exhaust system from clogging with carbon, cleanliness at high- or low temperature, and anti-seizure performance.

Abstract: Oil-soluble dispersant additives are disclosed. The additives comprise the reaction product of a functionalized 1-butene copolymer and at least one nucleophilic reactant selected from amines, amino alcohols, alcohols, and reactive metal compounds. The functionalized copolymer has within its structure at least one acyl functional group selected from the group consisting of C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 dicarboxylic acids and derivatives thereof and C.sub.3 to C.sub.10 monocarboxylic acids and derivatives thereof. The 1-butene copolymer is derived from 1-butene and at least one other .alpha.-olefin of formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHR', wherein R' is methyl or a C.sub.3 to C.sub.12 linear or branched alkyl group. The copolymer has a number average molecular weight of at least about 700, a molecular weight distribution of less than 5, and ethenylidene groups terminating at least about 30% of all polymer chains.

Abstract: A borate ester having the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is N, S or O, X is O or S, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, independent of one another, selected from the group consisting of H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.40)hydrocarbon residues and (C.sub.3 -C.sub.50)cycloalkyl, aryl and aralkyl, each of which may further contain N, O or S, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are independent of one another, selected from the group consisting of H and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)hydrocarbon residues, n is 0 to 4. An anti-wear/anti-oxidant/anti-friction/anti-rust additive comprises the borate ester of the invention when added to a lubricating oil.

Abstract: Compositions of matter containing self condensation reaction products of alkylthio alkanols and dispersants which are found to have utility in lubricating/functional fluids.

Abstract: A method of making a novel lubricant additive comprising a boric acid modified aminoamide compound is disclosed. A lubricating oil composition incorporating the modified aminoamide compound is also disclosed, which exhibits enhanced high-temperature cleanliness when used particularly for two stroke cycle engines.

Abstract: Dispersant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions comprise the reaction product of reactants comprising(a) an oil soluble ethylene-alpha olefin copolymer wherein the alpha olefin is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3-28 alpha olefins, said polymer having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 30,000 to about 300,000 grafted with an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or functional derivative thereof;(b-1) at least one polyester containing at least one condensable hydroxyl group; and(b-2) at least one polyamine having at least one condensable primary or secondary amino group, and optionally further comprising (c) at least one hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride.