Abstract: A wear-indicating metalworking fluid is provided that includes a lubricant base; and a wear-indicating agent. A method of determining wear in a metalworking fluid includes providing wear-indicating metalworking fluid that contains a lubricant base and a wear indicating agent; and observing the visual appearance of the metalworking fluid. A change in visual appearance of the metalworking fluid when compared to an unused metalworking fluid indicates wear of the metalworking fluid.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for refrigerating machines contains a base oil and an additive in a form of a coumarin compound. When the present lubricating oil composition for refrigerating machines is used in refrigerating equipment such as an open-type automobile air-conditioner, an electric automobile air-conditioner, a gas heat pump, other air-conditioning equipment, a refrigerating machine, a vending machine, a showcase, a water-heating system and a refrigerating/heating system, it is possible to detect the leakage of a refrigerant with a long-lasting stability. Therefore, when an unsaturated chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant with a poor stability is used in the above-listed equipment, the present lubricating oil composition for refrigerating machines is significantly advantageous.

Abstract: An organogelling agent for forming reverse worm-like micelles having high safety to living bodies and the environment, favorable feel of use, and a high gelating ability and a thickened gel composition comprising the organogelling agent are provided. Lecithin and ascorbic acid or an ascorbic acid derivative act as an organogelling agent to form reverse worm-like micelles of a variety of oils. A thickened gel composition having a reverse worm-like micelle structure can be prepared with a ternary system of lecithin, ascorbic acid or an ascorbic acid derivative, and a variety of oils.

Abstract: Lactone/alkylene oxide polymers are useful as additives to inhibit or prevent the deposition of paraffin in hydrocarbon fluids, particularly crude oil produced from a subterranean formation. These polymers are random or block polymers made from addition reactions of a hydroxyl- and/or amine-containing base compound with at least one lactone monomer and at least one alkylene oxide monomer. In one non-limiting embodiment the lactone monomer is optional.

Abstract: The present invention provides a grease composition or a lubricating oil composition which is capable of effectively preventing hydrogen brittleness-caused peeling from occurring on a rolling surface of a rolling bearing, is excellent in durability in a high temperature and speed operation, and can be used for a long time. A grease-packed bearing (1) has an inner ring (2), an outer ring (3), and a plurality of rolling elements (4). A sealing member (6) for sealing a grease composition (7) is provided at openings (8a) and (8b) disposed at both axial ends of the inner ring (2) and the outer ring (3). The grease composition (7) includes a base grease composed of a base oil and a thickener and an additive added to the base grease. The additive contains at least one compound selected from among plant-derived polyphenolic compounds and compounds formed by decomposition thereof.

Abstract: Linked aromatic compounds found to act as potent soot dispersants in lubricating oil compositions; lubricating, oil compositions containing such soot dispersants and precursor compounds from which the soot dispersants are derived.

Abstract: Methods for preserving technical products such as fuels and lubricants with a microbicidal composition. The composition is made up of at least one formaldehyde donor compound and at least one antioxidant. The antioxidant is either a gallic ester, a phenol derivative, a L-ascorbic acid, including salts and derivatives thereof, a tocopherol or one of its associated derivatives.

Abstract: Compositions of an ester-containing phenolic antioxidant seal-conditioning agent represented by the formula and a second seal-conditioning agent selected from sulfolanes, benzyl ester, lactones, nitriles, and other ester-containing phenolic anitoxidant seal-conditioning agents, serve to protect the integrity of elastomeric materials in contact with lubricants.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for stabilizing an organic material against oxidative, thermal or light-induced degradation, which comprises incorporating therein or applying thereto at least a compound of the formula (I) wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1. The compounds of the formula I are especially useful as processing stabilizers for synthetic polymers.

Abstract: A polyalkenyl succinic anhydride is prepared with low amounts of resinous or chlorinated byproducts in a two-step process whereby a polyalkene is first reacted with an unsaturated organic acid in a thermal ene reaction, followed with exposure to a gaseous halogen in presence of an additional amount of the unsaturated organic acidic reagent. The foregoing process produces a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride having a high ratio of succinic anhydride functional groups to polyisobutenyl backbone groups. Such a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride is particular suitable for the production of oil-soluble hydrocarbyl succinimides that have good dispersant properties when added to lubricating oil compositions.

Abstract: The invention describes novel compounds of the formula (I) wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim (1) and R1 is an aromatic radical with electron withdrawing substituents, as stabilizers for protecting organic materials, in particular polymers and lubricants, against oxidative, thermal or light-induced degradation and as scavengers for oxidized developer in color photographic material.

Abstract: A lubricant for wire, which is insulated by means of a lacquer coating, and which is used for forming the stator windings of an electrical refrigerating compressor, consists of one or more compounds of the formula CH3—Xn—R, wherein X is a linear or branched hydrocarbon group with n carbon atoms, wherein n is up to 22, and R may be hydrogen or a plurality of different radicals, either in a pure form or dissolved in a suitable solvent. The lubricant is applied to the wire to reduce its coefficient of friction, and it is remarkable for its compatibility with the environmentally unharmful refrigerants, such as R134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), which are used today in refrigerating compressors without capillary tube obstructions.

Abstract: A working fluid which demonstrates a preferable performance even with a small filling amount of the refrigerant of hydrocarbons containing no halogen atom such as ethane, propane, butane, iso-butane and the like into the refrigerating cycle equipment is disclosed. There is also disclosed a refrigerating cycle equipment excellent in the safety against the worst case of the refrigerant leakage, brought by the use of the above-mentioned working fluid. The working fluid comprises the refrigerant of hydrocarbons containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms and no halogen atom, and a lubricating oil for a refrigerator containing, as its main component, an ester compound which is incompatible with the above-mentioned refrigerant.

Abstract: A carboxylic composition comprising hydrocarbon substituted carboxylic acylating agents prepared by reacting a polyolefin and a terpolymer, simultaneously or individually in any order, with at least one carboxylic reactant selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula R3C(O)(R4)nC(O)OR5 (IV) wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, R4 is a divalent hydrocarbylene group, and n is 0 or 1, and reactive sources thereof, derivatives of the foregoing carboxylic compositions, with one or more of (1) an amine characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one HN<group; (2) an alcohol; (3) a reactive metal or a reactive metal compound; and (4) a mixture of two or more of (1) through (3); the components of (4) being reacted with the mixture of carboxylic acylating agents simultaneously or sequentially, in any order, and additive concentrates and lubricating oil and fuel compositions containing these compositions.

Abstract: A treating agent for electrical contacts which is nonflammable and free from environmental pollution and imparts lubricity and corrosion resistance as good as or better than any known treating agent. This treating agent is a solution of polyphenyl ether in an organic solvent derived from lactone, lactam, or cyclic imide, said organic solvent containing or not containing a certain amount of water.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing a condensation product of a glyoxylic reactant and a hydrocarbyl-substituted aromatic compound having at least one hydroxy functionality, which includes (a) providing the glyoxylic reactant in the form of a compound represented by the formula ##STR1## or its reactive equivalent, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 independently are hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 independently are hydrocarbyl groups of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; (b) mixing the aromatic compound with the glyoxylic reactant; and (c) heating the mixture to a temperature of about 50.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. in the presence of an acid catalyst for a sufficient time to form the condensation product.

Abstract: A soybean oil based hydraulic fluid of which the soybean oil is less than 85% by weight and the fatty acid profile of the hydraulic fluid includes about 0.12% C24:0. The base oil is hydrogenated to produce maximum possible stability of the soybean oil, and is winterized to remove crystallized fats and improve the pour point of the base oil without the necessity of heating the oil. The base oil is then combined with a hydrocarbon based additive package containing materials specifically designed for mobile equipment application including friction and anti-chatter materials, needed for wet clutches and brakes.

Abstract: Substituted carboxylic acylating agents formed by reacting an olefin with a carboxylic reactant are further reacted with .alpha.-.beta. unsaturated carboxylic compositions to form substituted carboxylic acylating agents. The substituted carboxylic acylating agents are further reacted with various compounds to form especially dispersants for use in oil compositions.

Abstract: A process for reacting certain carboxylic reactants and at least one aldehyde or ketone with olefinic compounds then reacting the product prepared thereby with ammonia, a hydrazine or an amine, products prepared thereby and, additive concentrates, lubricating oil and fuel compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of(A) a compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein in Formula (A-I): X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 are independently O or S, and X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 can be NR.sup.1 wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl; and G.sup.1, G.sup.2, G.sup.3 and G.sup.4 are independently R.sup.2, OR.sup.2 or R.sup.3 OR.sup.2, wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl and R.sup.3 is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene. In one embodiment, the inventive composition further comprises (B) an acylated nitrogen-containing compound having a substituent of at least about 10 aliphatic carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the inventive composition further comprises (C) a phosphorus compound. In one embodiment, the inventive composition further comprises (D) a thiocarbamate. In one embodiment, the inventive composition further comprises (E) a organic sulfide.

Abstract: A process for reacting certain carboxylic reactants and at least one aldehyde or ketone with olefinic compounds then reacting the product prepared thereby with ammonia, a hydrazine or an amine, products prepared thereby and, additive concentrates, lubricating oil and fuel compositions.

Abstract: A process for reacting certain carboxylic reactants with olefinic compounds then reacting the product prepared thereby with ammonia, a hydrazine or an amine, products prepared thereby and, additive concentrates, lubricating oil and fuel compositions.