Abstract: The invention relates to a mono-substituted phosphinic acid and to the use thereof as a regulator in radical polymerization. Such regulators do not result in the formation of poorly soluble salts, and in addition, the polymers produced with the regulators according to the invention are characterized by a uniform polymerization degree having a narrow size distribution. In addition, the invention relates to a method for producing such mono-substituted phosphinic acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing oligomers and a method for improving the low temperature properties of fatty alkyl esters by using these oligomers. The oligomers according to the present invention are used as pour point depressant and cloud point reducer to improve the pour point and cloud point of fatty alkyl esters such as isopropyl, butyl, ethyl, ethylhexyl esters particularly fatty acid methyl esters at low temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising at least one microgel and at least one functional additive, to processes for the preparation thereof, to uses of the compositions, and to microgel-containing polymers, rubbers, lubricants, coatings, etc. prepared therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil, a compressor oil composition, a hydraulic oil composition, a metalworking oil composition, a heat treating oil composition, a lubricating oil composition for machine tools and a lubricating oil composition which comprise a lubricating oil base oil having % CA of not more than 2, % CP/% CN of not less than 6 and an iodine value of not more than 2.5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions of a nanofluid, which comprises a thermal transfer fluid and carbon nanoparticles. The nanofluid may be hydrophilic nanofluids, such as a coolant, or hydrophobic nanofluids, such as nanolubricants or nanogreases. In particular, the present invention provides a homogenous hydrophilic nanofluid, which contains soluble carbon nanotubes in the hydrophilic thermal transfer fluid. The present invention also provides a nanogrease, which is a sustainable dispersion of solid carbon nanotubes in a hydrophobic thermal transfer fluid. The solid carbon nanotubes function as both as a thickener to modulate viscosity and as a solid heat transfer medium to enhance thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance.

Abstract: Automatic transmission fluids are described which contain at least 0.05 weight percent of a dialkyl thiadiazole and sulfurized fat, sulfurized fatty acid, sulfurized fatty acid ester, up to about 0.15 weight % of a metal-containing detergent, and/or a mixture thereof. The transmission fluids according to the present invention exhibit improved anti-wear and extreme pressure performance.

Abstract: A lubricating grease composition includes from 2 to 20% by weight of titanium alkoxide; from 2 to 20% by weight of carboxylic acid other than fatty acid; from 5.0 to 35.0% by weight of fatty acids; from 0.0 to 5.0% by weight of water; from 20 to 90% by weight of oil selected from the group consisting of mineral and synthetic oil; and from 0.01 to 50% of performance additives.

Abstract: A process for sulfurizing a composition of unsaturated fatty ester is described in which said composition is reacted with elemental sulfur in the presence of a promoter that consists of at least one compound with an amine group and in the presence of water. When the sulfur-containing product is separated from an aqueous phase that contains the compound with an amine group, the latter can be reused for several successive sulfurations without substantial loss of activity of the promoter. The compositions of unsaturated fatty esters can be used as additives for lubricating oils or fats.

Abstract: The present invention is a non-emulsifying, chlorine-free metal working or cutting oil which exhibits the same or superior performance as heretofore exhibited by chlorine containing fluids. The metal working oil contains cosulfurized olefins, polysulfurized hydrocarbon, phosphate esters, animal triglycerides, high molecular weight polyolefins in a mineral oil basestock. The oil may also contain metal deactivators, antioxidants and preservatives such as BHT, and mixtures of the above.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed which is directed to an oxidatively stable environmentally friendly lubricant base fluid comprising(A) at least one sulfurized triglyceride oil and(B) at least one oxidation inhibitor selected from the group consisting of(1) an alkyl phenol of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.4 is an alkyl group containing from 1 up to 24 carbon atoms, R.sup.5 is hydrogen, an alkyl group containing 1 or 2 carbon atoms or R.sup.4, and a is an integer of from 1 up to 4;(2) an ether of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.6 is an alkyl group containing from 1 up to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is an alkyl group containing from 1 up to 24 carbon atoms and b is an integer of from 1 up to 5; and(3) at least one aromatic amine of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.7 is ##STR4## and R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are independently a hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from 1 up to 23 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Products are described which can be obtained by reacting components a), b), c) and d), where component a) is a compound of the formula I or a mixture of compounds of the formula I, component b) is a compound of the formula II or a mixture of compounds of the formula II, component c) is a compound of the formula III or a mixture of compounds of the formula III and component d) is a compound of the formula IV or a mixture of compounds of the formula IV, ##STR1## in which the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, the compound of the formula I being, for example, pentaerythritol, thiodiethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-propanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, diethanolamine or glycerol, the compound of the formula II being, for example, sunflower oil or coconut fat, the compound of the formula III being, for example, methyl 3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and the compound of the formula IV, being for example, sulfur or diisopropyl dithiophosphate.

Abstract: Oil soluble compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently cyano, alkoxycarbonyl or together form a carbocycle or alkylcarbocycle and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl sulfurized alkyl, or alkoxycarbonylalkyl.The compound are useful as wear protectants or extreme pressure agents to enhance wear protection or extreme pressure properties in lubricating oils and greases.