Abstract: Disclosed are abrasive wiping articles, e.g., nonwoven, preferably paper towels, which comprise an absorbant nonwoven substrate having printed thereon a cured scrubbing bead mixture which comprises a) certain carboxylated, ionically-charged polymeric abrasive particles, b) a carboxyl group-containing polymeric adhesive material, and c) an amino-epichlorohydrin, e.g., Kymene.RTM., cross-linking agent. The polymeric abrasive particles range in size from about 20 to 400 microns and have a Knoop hardness of from about 4 to 25. The polymeric adhesive material, upon curing, has a Knoop hardness of from about 0.5 to 17.Preferred wiping articles of the foregoing type have a pattern of the scrubbing bead mixture printed onto from about 20% to 70% of the surface area of a paper substrate with the abrasive particles affixed to the substrate in such a manner that their exposed portion extends for a distance of from about 40 to 300 microns above the surface of the paper substrate.

Abstract: An improved abrasive grain comprising the sintered product of a porous non-sintered particle having a coating of inorganic material thereon is provided. A preferred method of making such abrasive grains comprises coating the porous base particles with inorganic particles. The preferred step of coating comprises a step of mixing the base particles with a suspension containing the inorganic particles in a carrier fluid. The porous base particles having the coating of inorganic particles thereon are sintered, to generate the ceramic abrasive grain product. The abrasive grains may be incorporated, to advantage, in a variety of abrasive products including for example bonded abrasives, nonwoven abrasive products and coated abrasive products.

Abstract: In the present invention there is provided a method for producing abrasive ceramic and ceramic composite material characterized by an abrasive grain as the comminuted form of a polycrystalline ceramic material. The abrasive grains of the present invention consist essentially of the oxidation reaction product of a parent metal precursor with a vapor phase oxidant, and, optionally one or more metallic constituents such as non-oxidized constituents of the parent metal. There is also provided a method for producing abrasive grains which additionally consist of one or more inert filler materials.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for the manufacture of improved abrasive tools and the like which includes apparatus and a method for the creation of a structurally viable matrix having a pattern of abrasive elements which can be shaped, cut and positioned for permanent disposition on a rigid tool body. The apparatus includes a transversely magnetized base surface with magnetic protrusions to provide a mosaic-like surface. A release layer is placed over the protrusions and magnetizable abrasive particles are diffused onto the surface of the release mechanism. The particles orient themselves magnetically to form generally conic stacks which having a stack axis and a distal working portion. The stacks define a working surface which is then coated with acrylic paint to provide structural integrity. Prior to solidification of the paint the cones may be shaped, for example, by passing a magnet near them.

Abstract: A method for producing, per se, individual or multiple enlarged-abrasive-globule-carrying flexible bristle(s), with each abrasive globule being firmly and fixedly, and virtually non-accidentally-removably, attached to, and thereby carried on, a corresponding tip end portion of a corresponding flexible (often nylon plastic) bristle, achieved by successive and intermixed and/or alternating multiple-adhesive-matrix-and-abrasive-particle-applicatory steps, a junction-strength-increasing step, multiple laminating and curing steps; and a multiple, composite form of the above-defined method, comprising a method for producing a flexible abrasive hone by assembling a generally similar plurality of such enlarged-abrasive-globule-carrying flexible bristles and effectively firmly mounting bristle rear end portions with respect to a bristle-holding base in a relatively evenly spaced-apart manner and with the bristle tip end portions and the bristle rear end portions being generally similarly longitudinally-spaced, along b

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of grinding elements composed of aluminum oxide, the process including the steps of (a) mixing aluminum oxide with from 0.5 to 2.5 Wt. % of an organic binder based on the aluminum oxide to provide a mixture; (b) granulating the mixture to form a granulate; (c) molding the granulate into molded pieces having grinding element shapes by applying pressure thereto; and (d) firing the molded pieces at a temperature ranging from 1500.degree. C. to 1850.degree. C. in a vertical kiln to produce grinding elements comprised of aluminum oxide.

Abstract: Multigrain abrasive compacts and processes for making the same are provided which comprise fine granules of cubic boron nitride or diamond bound by a sintered matrix derived from a coating on the granules. The coating comprises one or more layers of an active coating material which chemically bonds to the underlying surface. These compacts are obtained by coating fine granules of cubic boron nitride or diamond with the active coating material and sintering the coated particles with or without a powdered metal or alloy. The compacts can be obtained utilizing a short sintering step with relatively low pressures and temperatures. In certain embodiments, the use of high pressure, high temperature equipment can be voided. These compacts have improved breakdown characteristics due to the nature of the coated particles incorporated therein. The process provided is well suited for the use of diamond powder obtained from chemical vapor deposition processes.

Abstract: A one-piece abrasive sheet and method of manufacture. The abrasive pad has a planar sheet portion with a plurality abrasive protrusion extending therefrom. The protrusions are intimately molded with the planar sheet portion to form a one-piece sheet. Thermoplastic and abrasive grit mixture may be used to form the sheet by injection molding.

Abstract: A composition for abrading, polishing, honing or deburring a surface. The composition comprises a polyboron organo silicon polymer loaded with abrasive granules. The silicon-granules are modified with a metallic soap and a polybutylene. The metallic soap and polybutylene are gelled prior to blending with the polymer.

Abstract: A separator is placed between the mold, and a body of matrix material with hard particles being compacted, for forming an abrasive body. The separator may be relatively soft, so some of the hard particles will partially enter the separator during compaction. Subsequent removal of the separator leaves particles protruding through the retaining surface so the abrasive body does not necessarily require dressing. The separator may act as a release agent to facilitate removal of the abrasive body. The separator may also be contoured so the abrasive body will be contoured after compaction. A plurality of separators may be used to provide different functions simultaneously.

Abstract: An abrasive article (i.e., a coated abrasive article or a three-dimensional, low density abrasive article) having a sufficient amount of vanadium oxide incorporated therein to provide having a reduced tendency to buildup static electricity during the abrading of a workpiece. Preferably, the abrasive article further comprises a compatible binder (preferably, a sulfonated polymer) to aid in securing the vanadium oxide to the abrasive article. In another aspect, a method of making the same is taught.

Abstract: A perforated metal sheet including diamond particles brazedly attached.

Abstract: The use of small amount of silica sol in conjunction with an organic binding agent significantly increases the strength of the bond in a vitreous bonded alumina containing abrasive wheel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacture of abrasion-proof plates. The abrasion-proof surface of the plate is composed of external face 5 of a layer of composite material based on spherical grains of melted tungsten carbide bonded in a soldering alloy. Grinding surface 5 has a smooth and even mould finish. The abrasion-proof layer contains a compact, regular and essentially uniform random distribution of tungsten carbide grains. Surface 5 is made by moulding: the tungsten carbide grains are inserted between the mould walls and core 2 of the part, and the soldering alloy is made to infiltrate between the powder grains, core 2 and the mould by increasing the temperature. The invention allows a significant increase in the abrasion resistance of grinding plates.

Abstract: A method of making abrasive particles having a specified shape and abrasive articles containing abrasive particles having a specified shape.

Abstract: A surface treating tape has a sheet-like backing covered with closely spaced protuberances which are coated with an abrasive layer which contains premium abrasive particles. The surface finishing tape is useful for finishing magnetic disks and other substrates to provide a percision finish.

Abstract: An improved fibrous composite structure for use in grinding, cutting and/or polishing operations, normally with abrasives. Webs of fibrous materials, preferably blends of fibers having different deniers are fed to a needling apparatus and are needled, starting with at least two such webs. The needles force fibers from the webs along the path of needle travel and withdraw generally clean, leaving voids that define pores. Further individual layers are needled in like fashion to alternating opposite sides of the structure. Needles pass through an amount greater than fifty percent of the then thickness of the structure adequate to produce a unitary composite, though, and most preferably entirely through the thickness. The process for producing the composite products and embodiments of the products are also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: Sintered composite abrasive material useful in abrasives (grinding wheels, abrasive discs and paper, etc.) and cutting tools, comprising an .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 matrix of sub-micron crystallite size made by sol-gel processing with a dispersed phase therein of mechanically resistant material, preferably essentially isotropic grains, added directly to the sol or gel stage of matrix formation.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for forming cubic boron nitride from large particle ideal structure hexagonal boron nitride. Large particles provide improved packing density within the high pressure, high temperature equipment utilized, providing higher yields from conversion processes which utilize a catalyst and those which do not. This large particle ideal structure HBN can be used with conventional high pressure, high temperature processes to provide CBN particulates, composites and compacts.

Abstract: A filament shaped sintered alumina based abrasive made up predominantly of fine alpha alumina crystals.

Abstract: Diamond abrasive grains are produced by a process which comprises steps of: regularly arranging a plurality of diamond crystal seeds on a first metal solvent plate, stacking a second solvent metal plate on the first solvent metal plate so that the diamond crystal seeds are sandwiched by the first solvent metal plate and the second solvent metal plate, and stacking a graphite raw plate on the second solvent metal plate to construct a production system for the diamond abrasive grains, heating the system or heating the system with pressurizing to a temperature above a solvent metal-graphite eutectic point through a temperature and pressure condition in which diamond is thermodynamically unstable to establish a temperature and pressure condition in which diamond is thermodynamically unstable, and heating the system or heating the system with pressurizing to establish a temperature and pressure condition in which diamond is thermodynamically stable and maintaining said condition.

Abstract: An abrasive grain for use as a grinding material characterized by alpha-corundum crystal particles substantially smaller than 0.5 micron, solidly dissolved with at least one element out of Ti, Mn, V, Ga, Zn and Rh, and with an a-axis length of the hexagonal unit cell of the alpha-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 at 4.75892 to 4.76340 angstrom when measured by a powder X-ray diffraction method, and a density of more than 90% of the theoretical value, and an abrasive grain for a grinding material, characterized by alpha-corundum crystal particles substantially less than 0.5 micron, solidly dissolved with at least one element out of Mg, Ni and Co, and with an a-axis length of the hexagonal unit cell of the alpha-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 at 4.75930 to 4.76340 A when measured by a powder X-ray diffraction method, and a density of more than 90% of the theoretical value, and further, a grindstone and grinding cloth manufactured that these abrasive grains.

Abstract: An abrasive material has a contoured surface defining peaks and valleys, and side walls connecting the two. The peaks, side walls and valleys are covered with diamonds or other hard particles for effecting the grinding. In the beginning, the hard particles support one another laterally to prevent premature removal of particles, and the valleys provide for fluid flow for debris removal, cooling and protection of the retaining matrix. Later, the particles on the side walls, and eventually those in the valleys, become active in grinding, so that tool life is extended.

Abstract: Sintered aluminous abrasive grains having a density of at least 95% of theoretical density and having an alpha alumina crystal size of smaller than one micron. Which are obtained by drying and crushing a lithium containing alumina dispersion and sintering the crushed objects at 1100.degree.-1500.degree. C., said abrasive grains have the strength and hardness equal to or higher than conventional abrasive grains, superior properties in grinding resistance and wear resistance and superior self-sharpening property in course of grinding.

Abstract: A method of improving adhesion of a nickel alloy to the surfaces of cubic boron nitride particles and articles made therefrom. Cubic boron nitride particles are electrolessly nickel plated with the nickel alloy formed with the metalloid, such as boron. Electrolessly plated particles are then gradually heated at a steady rate from room temperature to a desired heat treatment temperature in a non-oxidizing atmosphere formed by argon containing 10% hydrogen. Exemplary articles made by the aforementioned process include a grinding wheel having uniformly dispersed abrasive cubic boron nitride particles having the Ni/B alloy coat thereon.

Abstract: Anode current collectors for electrochemical cells are burnished in a solution containing soluble indium ions.

Abstract: A method of making an abrasive product involves crushing a diamond abrasive compact, typically a thermally stable diamond abrasive compact, and then re-constituting the fragments so produced under diamond synthesis conditions.

Abstract: Shaped bodies for use in drilling or cutting hard materials, such as rock, concrete and masonry, are formed of a matrix material with embedded abrasive particles. The matrix material is based on a copper alloy precipitated in the range of 200.degree. to 600.degree. C., for a selected period of time in accordance with the intended use of the shaped body. Accordingly, a shaped body is produced using a single matrix material and having the required characteristics for a specific use.

Abstract: Disks for heavy grinding are made by stamping uncoated backing material to provide a plurality of interconnected disk shapes. The shapes are notched or weakened for separation. The interconnected shapes are then covered with abrasive embedded in adhesive.

Abstract: Cobalt-bound diamond tool (e.g. for cutting, drilling polishing) composite materials comprising diamond particles in uniform matrix of cobalt-boron alloy with 1-5 weight percent and uniform, stable and controllable matrix hardness of about 200 to 650 HB.sub.30.

Abstract: A polycrystalline diamond cutting tool is prepared by employing polycrystalline diamond which is synthesized on a mirror-finished surface of a base material by a low-pressure vapor phase method, as a tool material. A surface, which has been in contact with the base material, of the polycrystalline diamond layer is utilized as a tool rake face. A flank of the tool is formed by laser processing. The flank is covered with a graphite coating layer in one embodiment, while such a graphite coating layer is removed by acid treatment or the like in another embodiment. In still another embodiment, a flank is formed by grinding, and a cutting edge portion is honed by laser processing.

Abstract: A method for making vitreous bonded grinding wheels having a porosity of from 20 to 55% by volume is provided that reduces or prevent shrinkage. The method includes a step of mixing unclad, non-abrasive, non-metallic, particulate, inorganic solid shrinkage control agent with the abrasive grain, vitreous matrix precursor and other ingredients for producing the wheel. Non-abrasive hexagonal boron nitride is a preferred shrinkage control agent and may be used in amounts ranging for 1 to 10% by volume based on the volume of the grinding wheel. Reduced shrinkage of wheels made by the method over comparable wheels made without the shrinkage control agent is obtained.

Abstract: A coatable, thermally curable binder precursor solution, the solution including a 30-95% solids solution of a thermally curable resin and a reactive diluent. The reactive diluent may be selected form urea derivatives, alkylsubstituted 2-aminoalcohols, .beta.-ketoalkylamides, nitro alkanes, and poly(oxyalkylene) compounds, and has at least one functional group independently reactive with methylol groups of the resin and with aldehydes. The thermally curable resin may include up to 50% (wt of total resin) of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer. Method of making abrasive articles are also presented.

Abstract: An improved method for plating super abrasive materials onto the working portion of a honing tool, which method includes plating or otherwise coating a relatively thin layer of a composite material comprising a metal or metal alloy material having a friction reducing or lubricating type material occluded or otherwise associated therewith over the top of the bond already established between the abrasive particles and the working portion of the honing tool so as to substantially reduce and minimize the occurrence of having stock material build-up and collect between the abrasive particles, which stock build-up causes galling or scoring of the honed work surface during a honing operation. In the preferred embodiment, the composite material comprising the anti-galling coating surface is a nickel/phosphorous alloy material having micron-sized Teflon particles occluded therein.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming sandpaper discs on a mass production basis. A roll of sandpaper and a roll of a velour fabric are mounted in a frame structure and are moved along separate feed paths to a pair of drive rollers where the webs are juxtaposed for subsequent movement through the apparatus as a laminated web.

Abstract: A method of producing a composite abrasive compact is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a cemented carbide substrate having two layers separated by a metallic layer. The metal of the metallic layer may be a ductile metal such as cobalt or nickel or a refractory, carbide-forming metal such as molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, hafnium, titanium or zirconium. A layer of the components, in particulate form, necessary to produce an abrasive compact is placed in a recess of the one layer to produce an unbonded assembly. The unbonded assembly is then subjected to suitable conditions of elevated temperature and pressure to produce an abrasive compact from the components.

Abstract: A method is shown for manufacturing a diamond filled compact of the type used as a cutting insert which is received in a cutting insert pocket in a drill bit. A hard metal jacket is provided having an open end and an open interior. The open interior is substantially filled with diamond. The diamond filled jacket is subjected to a temperature and a pressure sufficient to sinter the diamond and integrally form a diamond core within the hard metal jacket. The outer dimensions of the hard metal jacket are then reduced to a size selected to conform to a cutting insert pocket provided on the face of a drill bit.

Abstract: A method for coating cluster compacts of polycrystalline diamond and CBN particles is provided, wherein the cluster compact is not exposed to high temperatures due to selective heating of the coating/cluster compact interface with the use of laser energy. Strong coatings can be formed on thermally sensitive compacts which allow such compacts to be brazed directly to a tool holder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chemical vapor phase deposition method for producing a polycrystalline diamond tool comprising the steps of supplying material gas including a carbon-containing gas and hydrogen gas into a vacuum chamber, exciting the material gas into a state including plasma or radicals, introducing the material gas to a heated substrate, first depositing of diamond on the substrate with the material gas having a first density of carbon, a first density of oxygen and a first density of nitrogen, second depositing of diamond on the first deposited diamond with the material gas having a density of carbon higher than the first density of carbon, a density of oxygen lower than the first density of oxygen or a density of nitrogen higher than the first density of nitrogen till the diamond becomes more than 40 .mu.

Abstract: A tool insert such as a nozzle is produced by providing a former depositing a diamond layer on at least a portion of a surface of the former, bonding a polymer-based support to a surface of the diamond layer and removing the former to expose a wear-resistant diamond surface. The top portion may be removed to produce a nozzle. The diamond layer is preferably a CVD diamond layer.

Abstract: Abrasive particles comprising a core of alumina-based mineral coated by cathodic arc deposition to provide a first layer of a first refractory material, the first layer being substantially uniform, and a second refractory material covering at least a portion of the first refractory material. The core can be fused alumina or an alumina-based ceramic. Improved abrasive products having at least a portion of their conventional abrasive particles replaced with the coated abrasive particles are also provided.

Abstract: A lubricant for reducing friction produced between a cleaning device and a photoconductor both assembled in a copying apparatus includes an abrasive agent having an average grain diameter of 0.5 .mu.m to 9.0 .mu.m. The abrasive agent comprises a main chemical component of material which does not change the developing characteristics of a developer used in an electrostatic copying process and which refines the scratches produced on the surface of the photoconductor due to the contact between the developer and the photoconductor during a long period of time.

Abstract: Superabrasive cutting elements, backed compacts and methods for their manufacture are disclosed wherein metal coated superabrasive particles are cemented under HPHT conditions. The superabrasives bond to the metal of the coating and the metal coatings of adjacent particles bond to each other forming a matrix. A binding aid with thermal expansion characteristics close to that of the superabrasive particle can be infiltrated through or otherwise mixed with the particles to assist in the bonding between the metal coatings and to fill in voids. Catalyst and non-catalyst binding aids can also be used. Uncoated, smaller superabrasive particles can be interstitially dispersed among the coated particles to increase the superabrasive concentration and can self bond to form a cemented/sintered structure. Tungsten is a preferred metal coating and silicon is a preferred binding/sintering aid. The superabrasive can be diamond, cubic boron nitride, boron doped diamond or crushed, sintered polycrystalline aggregates.

Abstract: A process for superpolishing hard ceramic substrates, and super polished substrates having surface finishes below about 20 angstroms RMS. The process comprises applying a pitch to a lap tool and forming channels in the pitch. The pitch is wetted with a polishing compound comprising colloidal alumina and powder of a substance harder than that being polished. The substrate is brought into contact with the wetted pitch, and a relative motion is applied thereto to polish the substrate.

Abstract: A surface treating tape has a sheet-like backing covered with closely spaced protuberances which are coated with an abrasive layer which contains premium abrasive particles. The surface finishing tape is useful for finishing magnetic disks and other substrates to provide a precision finish.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention is a method for making metal-clad particle pellets which comprises the steps of:(a) coating diamond particles with a carbide-forming metal;(b) spraying onto a bed of gas-fluidized coated abrasive particles of step (a) a slurry of metallic powder, a binding agent, and a volatile solvent, for a time until each abrasive particle is outer coated with at least about 20 wt-% of said metallic powder, said metallic powder having a sintering temperature that is at least about 50.degree. C. lower than the melting point temperature of said carbide-forming metal;(c) recovering said metal powder-coated abrasive pellets of step (b) substantially devoid of said volatile solvent;(d) heating said recovered coated abrasive pellets under conditions to form a sintered continuous outer metal coating on said abrasive pellets; and(e) heating said pellets of step (d) at a second higher temperature to liquefy said carbide-forming metal for forming some metal carbide from said diamond particle.

Abstract: Ceramic sintered body, in particular abrasive grain, based on .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, said body being arranged in such a manner that improved abrasive results are achieved, said body being bound into a structure by means of a glass-like ceramic binder and showing a drop in hardness from its center to its edge of less than 1800 N/mm.sup.2, preferably less than 1000 N/mm.sup.2, and, in particular, less than 500 N/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer polishing slurry that does not contaminate a wafer processing area utilizes an aqueous organic base to suspend the slurry's fine abrasive particles. The organic base has large cations (13,16,19) that do not diffuse into semiconductor wafers. Therefore ionic contamination from the polishing slurry is substantially eliminated.

Abstract: A titanium nitride coating is applied over the cubic boron nitride layer of conventional CBN tools by the process of arc physical-vapor-deposition at temperatures below the tempering temperature of the core metal. The titanium nitride coating stabilizes and reinforces the existing bond between the cubic boron nitride and the core, resulting in a grinding tool with greater efficiency and longer life. Specific operating conditions are required during the deposition process in order to ensure the proper level of adhesion of the titanium nitride layer.

Abstract: This invention concerns the discovery that sol-gel process allumina abrasive grains provides superior performance in bonded abrasives for grinding cast iron. In a preferred form it is disclosed that bonded abrasives of sol-gel process alumina abrasives in combination with other abrasive grains such as those of silicon carbide and fused alumina also provide superior grinding of cast iron.