Abstract: Disclosed is a composition comprised of n-propyl bromide and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane. This invention also relates to cleaning solvent systems comprised of n-propyl bromide and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and methods for cleaning various solid substrates.

Abstract: A solvent composition which comprises a fluorinated solvent containing no chlorine atom in its molecule, a hydrocarbon solvent and a glycol ether and which is free from phase separation, wherein the compositional ratio of the fluorinated solvent and the hydrocarbon solvent is a compositional ratio such that a two component mixture composed solely of the fluorinated solvent and the hydrocarbon in such a compositional ratio would separate into two phases.

Abstract: A process for fabric article treatment in a single appliance using a substantially aqueous mediumd comprising a first predominant fluid and a substantially non-aqueous medium comprising a second predominant fluid. Specifically, the first and the second predominant fluids are selected to be different in order to deliver more effective results. The first predominant fluid is water and the second predominant fluid is selected from the group consisting of linear or cyclic silicones, hydrocarbons, glycol ethers, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a shear thinning, transparent, gel laundry detergent composition, comprising a surfactant system containing surfactant material selected from an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant or a mixture thereof, and from 1 to 8% by weight of a fatty alcohol gelling agent having the formula wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from hydrogen and saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C1–C16 alkyl groups, whereby the total number of carbon atoms in the gelling agent is between 8 and 17. It has been found that this gel laundry composition can stable suspend particles or capsules either for improving visual appearance or for practical reasons.

Abstract: Supercritical carbon dioxide may be utilized to remove resistant residues such as those residues left when etching dielectrics in fluorine-based plasma gases. The supercritical carbon dioxide may include an ionic liquid in one embodiment.

Abstract: According to the inventive method of making gels, the main mixture comprising most of the ingredients with the exception of a fatty alcohol is mixed, using at least one in-line mixer, with the gelling post-mix comprising the fatty alcohol. The preferred process includes the mixing of the main mixture and the gelling post-mix just prior to either filling or storing the composition.

Abstract: A detergent composition for cleaning a precision part, comprising an organic solvent, 5 to 30% by weight of a glyceryl ether having an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and 5% by weight or more of water. The detergent composition can be used for cleaning a precision part such as a metal part, an electronic part, a semiconductor part or a liquid crystal display panel.

Abstract: Drying of patterned wafers is achieved in a manner effecting removal of water from the patterned wafers without collapse or deterioration of the pattern structures thereof. The drying is carried out in one aspect of the invention with a composition containing supercritical fluid, and at least one water-reactive agent that chemically reacts with water to form reaction product(s) more soluble in the supercritical fluid than water. Various methodologies are described for use of supercritical fluids to dry patterned wafers, which avoid the (low water solubility) deficiency of supercritical fluids such as supercritical CO2.

Abstract: A composition and method is provided capable of removing contaminants from the surface of a gelatin capsule, such as a paint ball, to allow the gelatin capsules to be used for their intended use. The composition comprising, by weight, about 70 to 99.9 percent of a water-soluble alcohol, about 0.1 to 30 percent water, about 0.1 to 10 percent of a volatile silicone, and about 0.1 to 1 percent of a non-volatile silicone. Furthermore, the composition prevents excessive swelling of the gelatin outer shell of the gelatin encapsulated product. A method is also provided for cleaning a gelatin encapsulated product comprising the steps of contacting the gelatin encapsulated product with a cleaning composition, separating the gelatin encapsulated product from the cleaner, and drying the gelatin encapsulated product. The gelatin capsule may be a paintball. The composition may include additives to improve the performance of the gelatin capsules.

Abstract: Compositions for removing incidental soils from fabric articles, especially articles of clothing, linen and drapery, provide improved cleaning of incidental soils, either with or without a subsequent wash process. Methods for use of the compositions are also provided. The compositions and methods are safe for use on a wide range of fabric articles, even in the home.

Abstract: A purge solution for removing water-based dehydrated paint residues from a paint delivery system includes 2–15 total weight percent of a purge concentrate diluted with solvent. The concentrate includes 20–99.5 total weight percent of a C4 alcohol or an alkoxylated C4 alcohol, and 0.5–30 total weight percent of an amine.

Abstract: Substrates are cleaned by contacting the substrate with a cleaning composition, particularly an aqueous composition, including at least one compound of the formula (I): (R2)p—Ph—(CH2)m—COO—(AO)n—R1 (I) where R1, AO, n, M, Ph, R2 and p have defined meanings, particularly to give alkyl benzoates. Such compounds provide useful solvency to the cleaning formulations while having a relatively benign environmental profile.

Abstract: Provided are azeotrope-like compositions comprising tetrafluoropropene and trifluoroiodomethane and uses thereof, including use in refrigerant compositions, refrigeration systems, blowing agent compositions, and aerosol propellants.

Abstract: A chemical cleaning composition for cleaning electronic equipment and electric or electronic appliances, a device for the application of such composition, and a method of cleaning such equipment are disclosed.

Abstract: A solvent composition for dissolving plastic comprises at least either isopropyl bromide or n-propyl bromide, and at least either nitromethane or nitroethane. The content of the above-mentioned at least either nitromethane or nitroethane is 5 through 50 wt % with respect to the entire amount of the solvent.

Abstract: The invention teaches the preparation of a concentrated sanitizing and cleaning preparation. The preparation has a dual use for cleaning and sanitizing food surfaces as well as food contact and non-food contact surfaces. The composition of the invention shows rapid microbicidal properties against representative gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. The invention uses GRAS, food additive ingredients and/or ingredients that are approved by the USFDA for use on food.

Abstract: The present invention relates to detergent compositions, especially liquid, granular and tablet forms of laundry detergent compositions, that comprise improved hydrotropes, wherein the hydrotropes are organic molecules in which two polar groups are separated from each other by at least 5 aliphatic carbon atoms; liquid compositions that contain such hydrotropes have a viscosity, dilution profile and dissolution behavior that render the product effective and convenient for use as a liquid laundry detergent composition.

Abstract: A liquid detergent composition comprising: a) an alkyl benzene sulfonic acid neutralized with an alkanolamine, said alkyl benzene sulfonic acid containing less than 25%, preferably less than 20%, of the 2-phenyl isomer; and b) an organic solvent; said composition containing less than 3 wt. % water.

Abstract: An process for treating or cleaning fabric articles, especially articles of clothing, linen and drapery, wherein the method comprises contacting the fabric articles to be cleaned or treated with a cleaning fluid comprising a lipophilic fluid and removing from the fabric articles a portion of the cleaning fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating a lipophilic fluid contained in an emulsion of water and lipophilic fluid. The process includes the steps of pretreating the emulsion, removing lipophilic fluid from the emulsion, and purifying the lipophilic fluid to remove at least a portion of the impurities collected during the use of the emulsion. Method options are provided for each of the aforementioned steps.

Abstract: In a process to clean a polyurethane glove, which has been cured on a glove form, so as to remove non-volatile residues and low-volatility residues from the glove before the glove is removed from the form, the form bearing the glove is immersed in a quiescent or agitated bath consisting essentially of a solvent selected from isopropyl alcohol, hexane, and blends of isopropyl and hexane, preferably isopropyl alcohol, at an elevated temperature of approximately 60° C., for a predetermined time not less than approximately five minutes, preferably for a predetermined time of approximately ten to twenty minutes, whereupon the form bearing the glove is withdrawn from the bath and the glove is allowed to be air-dried on the form.

Abstract: This invention concerns paint stripping compositions which are particularly suitable for stripping paint off aircraft. The basic composition consists of a mixture of specific amounts of the following substances: aromatic hydrocarbons, dimethyl formamide; N-methylpyrrolidone; benzyl alcohol; alkanolamine; wax; wetting agent; and thickening agent. A modified composition may also contain dimethyl sulfoxide and a terpene solvent. The invention also includes the method of stripping paint from an aircraft by applying the new stripping composition onto the surface of the aircraft allowing the paint to soften and loosen under the action of the composition, or to penetrate under the paint coating, and then gently removing both the loosened paint and the stripping composition from the aircraft surface without damaging the surface.

Abstract: Compositions of the invention include: (a) a solvent having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of 5 to 7; and (b) a solubilizing agent having the formula: where R is aryl, cycloaryl, heteroaryl or hetercyclyl; R1 is a bond, (C1-C7)alkyl, substituted (C1-C7)alkyl, (C1-C7)alkoxy, substituted (C1-C7)alkoxy, (C2-C7)alkenyl or substituted (C2-C7)alkenyl; and Z+ is hydrogen, Na, K, NR?4 where R? is defined herein. Further compositions include: (a) a solvent having a (HLB) value of 5 to 7; and (b) a solubilizing agent having the formula: where R2 is a bond, (C1-C7)alkyl, substituted (C1-C7)alkyl, (C1-C7)alkoxy, substituted (C1-C7)alkoxy, (C2-C7)alkenyl or substituted (C2-C7)alkenyl; and Z+ is hydrogen, Na, K, NR?4 where R? is defined herein. The compositions are useful in providing stable single phase aqueous solutions when combined with water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating a lipophilic fluid contained in an emulsion of water and lipophilic fluid. The process includes the steps of pretreating the emulsion, removing lipophilic fluid from the emulsion, and purifying the lipophilic fluid to remove at least a portion of the impurities collected during the use of the emulsion. Method options are provided for each of the aforementioned steps.

Abstract: A method of making a printing plate in which the uncoated surface of a substrate is treated with a pre-treatment solution prior to the deposition of ink on the surface. The pre-treatment liquid comprises a polyvalent metal salt, and at least one of an organic swelling reagent and/or a coalescence reagent. The pre-treatment liquid is applied to form a thin, homogenous layer of approximately 4 ?m to the entire upper surface of the recording plate. The swelling reagent and/or the coalescence reagent and the polyvalent metal cations are physically well localized in the porous structure of the plate's surface. After partial drying of the pretreated anodized aluminum plate, CTP liquid is deposited onto the surface to form an image. The CTP liquid solids react with the pre-treatment liquid and are, therefore, chemically bound to the surface. This allows all data to be deposited in a single pass of the inkjet head without the problem of clustering.

Abstract: Processes for preparing light-colored alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycoside mixtures are disclosed. The processes disclosed include providing an initial mixture of an alk(en)yl oligoglycoside and a rheology-modifying agent, the mixture having a viscosity of from 10 to 1000 mPas at a temperature of from 85 to 130° C., and a water content of less than 2% by weight, based on the alk(en)yl oligoglycoside; and bleaching the initial mixture at a temperature of from 85 to 130° C. to form a light-colored surfactant mixture having a water content of less than 2% by weight, based on the alk(en)yl oligoglycoside. Also disclosed is the use of such mixtures in cleaning compositions, such as detergents, washing and dishwashing compositions.

Abstract: Methods include, providing a liquid composition having a first viscosity that includes a polymeric thickener, a non-aqueous solvent, and water. The non-aqueous solvent and water may form a theta solvent. A solvent with a second viscosity is provided. A portion of the liquid composition is diluted with the solvent forming a use solution with a third predetermined viscosity; where the third predetermined viscosity is greater than the second viscosity.

Abstract: A composition and method to allow quick and thorough cleaning of acrylic based artificial and sculpted nail applicators. A volatile solvent is mixed with a non-volatile solvent and may be combined with an antiseptic. When combined, the composition may be used to clean and condition a previously used nail polish brush and to provide a pleasant smelling antiseptic.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for removing and/or reducing incidental soils from fabric articles, especially articles of clothing, linen and drapery, wherein the compositions provide improved cleaning of incidental soils, either with or without a subsequent wash process or other entire fabric care process are provided. The compositions and methods are safe for use on a wide range of fabric articles, even in the home.

Abstract: A solvent composition that comprises a C1-C4 lactate ester and an odor-reducing amount of a tertiary amine having a boiling point at one atmosphere of about 80° C. to about 160° C. is disclosed. The composition (a) is substantially free of odor due to the tertiary amine, (b) exhibits a reduced amount of odor due to the lactate ester as compared to the same composition without the tertiary amine, and (c) is a homogeneous liquid or gel at zero degrees Celsius. A method of reducing the odor of a lactate ester-based solvent is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for cleaning textile fabric without the need for conventional detergent systems comprising agitating the fabric in a composition comprising at least two immiscible liquids, for example, perchloroethylene or petroleum ether and water, having at least one liquid-liquid interface with an interfacial tension of at least 5 mN/m, preferably at least 10 mN/m, and where the concentration of the most polar liquid in the composition is from 10 to 90% by volume.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cleaning composition suitable for manually cleaning substrates. The composition comprises at least two immiscible liquid phases having one liquid-liquid interface with an interfacial tension of more than 5 mN/m, the difference in density between the two liquid phases being not more than 0.2 g/cc. After agitation, the composition is applied to the substrate to be cleaned, and subsequently friction is applied to the substrate. The composition provides for the required stability after agitation, and gives good detergency, particularly as regards particulate soil.

Abstract: Normally liquid, omega-hydrofluoroalkyl ether compounds (and selected mixtures thereof) have a saturated perfluoroaliphatic chain of carbon atoms interrupted by one or more ether oxygen atoms. The compounds can be prepared, e.g., by decarboxylation of the corresponding fluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids and are useful, e.g., in cleaning and drying applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition of about 20 to about 80 wt % benzotrifluoride and about 20 to about 80 wt % trichloroethylene. Up to about 1 wt % of a stabilizer for the trichloroethylene can be included in the composition.

Abstract: The detergent composition for petroleum refining apparatus in accordance with the present invention is one used as being mixed with a petroleum solvent when the inside of a petroleum refining apparatus is washed with the petroleum solvent in a nonaqueous system, wherein the detergent composition contains a surfactant having a solubility of at least 10 with respect to a diesel fuel at a temperature of 25° C. When this detergent composition for petroleum refining apparatus is used together with the petroleum solvent, soil components are rapidly impregnated with the petroleum solvent. Consequently, sufficient washing effects can be exhibited. As a result, the washing efficiency can be improved remarkably, whereby the washing time within the petroleum refining apparatus can be shortened greatly.

Abstract: Disclosed are non-flammable, high-solvency compositions having utility as cleaning agents in the electronics and refrigeration industries, and as a medium for mold release agents. The compositions are non-flammable by Flame Extension Test ASTM D-3065 and Flash Point-Tag Closed Cup Test ASTM D-56-82, and have a Kauri Butanol value of at least about 40 by ASTM 1133-94. The compositions comprise the components: a.) trans-1,2-dichloroethylene; and b.) solvent selected from: i.) oxygen-containing solvents selected from alcohols, ketones, esters, siloxanes, and ethers; and ii.) hydrocarbon solvents represented by CtH2t+2 or CtH2t, wherein t is from 4 to 8; and c.) an inerting agent selected from: i.) hydrofluorocarbon inerting agents represented by the formula CxHyF(2x+2?y), wherein x is from 3 to 8, y is from 1 to 4, and the mole ratio of F/H in the hydrofluorocarbon inerting agent is greater than 1.6; ii.

Abstract: This invention concerns a composition useful as a paint remover, comprising: an organic carbonate, an alcohol, an activator, hydrogen peroxide, and water. The alcohol may be benzyl alcohol. The organic carbonate may be propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, or combination thereof. The activator may be an alkyl-substituted cycloalkane (naphthene), a soy oil, an alkyl soyate, or combination thereof.

Abstract: A composition useful as a paint remover which may include a carbonate, a dibasic ester and a mono-ester. The paint stripping composition may also contain an organic sulfur-containing compound such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a glycol ether, a ketone, or combination thereof. The composition may be used in a process for removing paint by applying it to a painted surface. A degreasing composition is also disclosed which may comprise a carbonate and a alkyl-substituted cyclo-alkane such as naphthene. The compositions have several important attributes, including low toxicity and high efficacy in removing paint and coatings.

Abstract: This invention provides azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane-245fa and water that are environmentally desirable for use as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, metered dose inhalers, blowing agents for polymer foam, heat transfer media, and gaseous dielectrics.

Abstract: A silicone dissolving composition includes an organo-acid compound such as sulfonic acid or phosphinic acid, a solvent miscible with the organo-acid and able to swell a silicone, a thickener and a small amount of mineral acid. Silicone films dissolve to a liquefied mass capable of being wiped from a substrate in a matter of minutes. The removal of automotive, electrical, and construction sealants and gaskets is simplified with the use of such a silicone dissolving composition.

Abstract: Multipurpose cleaning articles are provided comprising a porous cleaning sheet containing an aqueous cleaning composition comprising (a) water as the major component; (b) 5% to 45% by weight water-immiscible solvent; (c) less than about 1.8% by weight emulsifier; and wherein the aqueous cleaning composition has a vertical wicking rate of about 1 cm/minute or more. The porous cleaning sheet can comprise any one of numerous materials, including hydrophobic materials, such as nonwoven webs, textile fabrics, foams and so forth. The cleaning articles are capable of removing water insoluble materials from various surfaces and including cleaning the skin and hands as well as hard surfaces.

Abstract: Process incorporating an organic solvent and being composed of detergent components present together within specific ranges have now been found so as to produce a non-aqueous liquid detergent composition without the attendant drawbacks of non-aqueous liquids. In particular, this process produces a liquid detergent composition which is easy to handle in bulk, has excellent long-term stability and is readily soluble in a wash liquor.

Abstract: A hard surface cleaning composition for removing cooked-, baked- or burnt-on soils from cookware and tableware, the composition comprising an organoamine solvent and wherein the composition has a liquid surface tension of less than about 24.5 mN/m and a pH, as measured in a 10% solution in distilled water, or least than 10.5. The composition can be used as pre-treatment prior to the dishwashing process. The composition provides excellent removal of polymerised grease from metal and glass substrates.

Abstract: Substantially anhydrous compositions having a viscosity greater than 1000 centipoise are prepared by combining a polar solvent with a thickening agent selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid polymers and polyacrylamides. These compositions are particularly suited for topical use to deliver beneficial agents to the skin of a user. Being anhydrous, the compositions are particularly well suited to effectuate the delivery of beneficial agents that are unstable over time in aqueous systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel active ingredient formulations in the form of microemulsion products, to processes for the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as carrier system for therapeutic active ingredients which are slightly soluble in water. The formulations of the invention are particularly suitable for oral administration.

Abstract: A process for making substantially anhydrous surfactant compositions which, at room temperature, are shear thinning non-Newtonian pastes with a yield point that allows them to be easily worked in commercial apparatus. The process employs hydrotropes, anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants in a drying step to provide the pastes. The pastes are especially suitable for incorporation into anhydrous liquid detergent products.

Abstract: In a process to clean a polyurethane glove, which has been cured on a glove form, so as to remove non-volatile residues and low-volatility residues from the glove before the glove is removed from the form, the form bearing the glove is immersed in a quiescent or agitated bath consisting essentially of a solvent selected from isopropyl alcohol, hexane, and blends of isopropyl and hexane, preferably isopropyl alcohol, at an elevated temperature of approximately 60° C., for a predetermined time not less than approximately five minutes, preferably for a predetermined time of approximately ten to twenty minutes, whereupon the form bearing the glove is withdrawn from the bath and the glove is allowed to be air-dried on the form.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition for improving substrate characteristics. The composition has a substrate enhancing agent, like a monohydric alcohol, and the composition reduces wrinkles in substrates that have not been subjected to ironing.

Abstract: Foam blowing agent blends containing trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and one or more hydrofluorocarbons are provided, as are foam compositions containing such blends. The resulting foams exhibit dramatic improvement in fire performance.

Abstract: Foam blowing agent blends containing trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and one or more hydrofluorocarbons are provided, as are foam compositions containing such blends. The resulting foams exhibit dramatic improvement in fire performance.