Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions for measuring the rate of gastric emptying in animals, including humans. The methods of the invention measure the rate of stomach emptying by administration of a marker agent in a delayed-release formulation or food vehicle and blood or serum levels of the marker agent are monitored over time. The blood or serum levels of a marker agent reflect the gastric emptying rate. Incorporating such agents in foods also delays the absorption of such agents and serves as a measure of digestion and gastric emptying. These methods may be used to screen for drugs, herbal substances and other compounds that modulate gastric emptying, such as by increasing prokinetic activity of the gastrointestinal tract.

Abstract: Novel pharmaceutical compositions of a cephalosporin in a prolonged release vehicle, comprising an oil and aluminium distearate, provide a prolonged duration of effective blood—plasma concentration of the cephalosporin after injection to animals.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide an amorphous cefditoren pivoxil composition possessing excellent stability and dissolvability and to provide a production process of the amorphous composition. The amorphous cefditoren pivoxil composition according to the present invention comprises cefditoren pivoxil and a pharmaceutically acceptable organic polymeric compound, wherein the composition is obtainable by grinding a crystalline cefditoren pivoxil in the presence of a pharmaceutically acceptable organic polymeric compound to convert the crystalline cefditoren pivoxil to an amorphous substance.

Abstract: The current invention is based, inter alia, on the finding that the transcription factor MarA, and homologues of MarA, e.g., Rob and SoxS, are virulence factors. Accordingly, the invention discloses methods for screening compounds for their ability to modulate these virulence factors. The invention further describes methods for treating and preventing bacterial infections by modulating the expression and/or activity of transcription factors. In addition, the invention provides a method for identifying other virulence factors.

Abstract: Sustained release pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least a cephalosporin antibiotic, a mixture of polymers comprising of galactomannans and neutral swellable polymers, and other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are described. The composition comprises about 30% to about 90% by weight of a cephalosporin antibiotic; about 1% to about 30% by weight of said mixture of polymers comprising from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of galactomannans, and about 0.1% to about 15% of neutral swellable polymer by weight of sustained release composition.

Abstract: Methods of treating, preventing and/or managing macular degeneration are disclosed. Specific embodiments encompass the administration of a selective cytokine inhibitory drug, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, stereoisomer, clathrate, or prodrug thereof, alone or in combination with a second active agent and/or surgery. Pharmaceutical compositions, single unit dosage forms, and kits suitable for use in methods of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of treating, preventing and/or managing macular degeneration are disclosed. Specific embodiments encompass the administration of an immunomodulatory compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, stereoisomer, clathrate, or prodrug thereof, alone or in combination with a second active agent and/or surgery. Pharmaceutical compositions, single unit dosage forms, and kits suitable for use in methods of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of cefixime of formula (I), with an improved quality having/possessing better color and solubility.

Abstract: Novel antibiotic compositions are described. &bgr;-lactam antibiotics are used in combination with a non-&bgr;-lactam inhibitor of NAALADase, the inhibitor in an amount effective to inhibit &bgr;-lactamase activity. The antibiotic compositions can be administered to treat infections caused by &bgr;-lactamase-producing bacterial strains.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sustained-release suspension composition containing ceftiofur hydrochloride, tocopherol or a derivative thereof, and a biocompatible oil.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions involving resorbable hemostatic agents that have the essential absence of microfibrillar collagen. Resorbable hemostatic agents of the present invention comprise polyethylene glycol, which controls bleeding in tissue and does not delay or interfere with healing. The resorbable hemostatic agents of the present invention are biodegradable and biocompatible agents that effectively control bleeding in bone and other tissue without interfering with the subsequent healing of the tissue.

Abstract: This invention pertains to therapeutic antibacterial/antifungal-wound healing compositions comprise a therapeutically effective amount of antibacterial agents and/or antifungal agents and/or wound healing composition alone. In one embodiment, the wound healing composition comprises (a) zinc oxide and (b) fat-soluble vitamins. The therapeutic antibacterial/antifungal-wound healing compositions may be utilized in a wide variety of pharmaceutical products. This invention also relates to methods for preparing and using the antibacterial/antifungal-wound healing compositions and the pharmaceutical products in which the therapeutic compositions may be used.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of treating gastrointestinal diseases associated with species of genus Clostridium such as clostridium deficit in human patients with gastrointestinal disorders having an etiological component such as a microbial agent producing a toxin where treated with an antimicrobial composition an amount effective to inhibit or eliminate the microbial agent. The antimicrobial composition in a form of probiotic mixture can be administrated alone or in combination with an antimicrobial agent, such as a bacteriophage which is specific for a bacterium producing toxin or antibiotics which are then used to eliminate or inhibit the clostridial species overgrown in a patient's gastrointestinal tract. Disorders that can be treated by the method of the invention include diarrhea or inflammatory bowel diseases such as colitis or Crohn's disease.

Abstract: An oral composition which is adapted to be dispersed in an aqueous carrier substantially immediately prior to administration comprises a multiplicity of particles comprising an active substance, the particles being combined with one or more gelling or swelling agents capable of forming a viscous medium around the particles in an aqueous carrier as well as being provided with a masking surface layer when dispersed in the aqueous carrier. This serves to mask uneven surfaces on the particles and prevent them from adhering to oral mucosa when the composition is ingested and thus makes it easier to administer large dosages of an active substance. The masking surface layer is preferably provided by an increased viscosity of the viscous medium in the immediate vicinity of the particles relative to the viscosity of the surrounding aqueous carrier. A ready-to-use composition is prepared by mixing the composition with an aqueous carrier substantially immediately prior to administration of the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bioenhancing/bioavailability-facilitating composition comprising:

Abstract: The invention describes pharmaceutical preparations with retarding active ingredient release, which consist of mixtures of powdery teicoplanin and at least one powdery, water soluble salt form of gentamicin, clindamycin, kanamycin, amikacin, tobramycin, vancomycin, moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin and an inorganic and/or organic adjuvant. The pharmaceutical preparations are used as permanent or as temporary implants in the form of tablets, molded bodies, fibers and granules.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sustained release pharmaceutical composition comprising at least a cephalosporin antibiotic, a mixture of polymers and other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients; in the composition, polymers are selected from mixture of galactomannans and neutral swellable polymers, which releases the active ingredient in a predetermined manner.

Abstract: A method is provided for treatment of an infective condition in an udder of a milk producing animal. The method comprises intramammary administration of an antibacterial agent in combination therapy with a selective COX-2 inhibitor in therapeutically effective amounts of each. Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibacterial agent and a selective COX-2 inhibitor, together with one or more excipients, in a dosage form suitable for intramammary administration to a milk producing animal.

Abstract: A method for treating inhalation anthrax is disclosed. The inventive method comprises the use of 2,3-alkylcarbonyloxybenzoic acid and salts thereof in the prevention and treatment of lung damage caused by Bacillus anthracis and toxins produced by the bacterium. The 2,3-alkylcarbonyloxybenzoic acid may be used alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents such as antibiotics.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition containing a drug (A), a waxy substance (B), and synthetic aluminum silicate and/or hydrous silicon dioxide (C). The invention provides a granular pharmaceutical composition suitable for providing a pharmaceutical characterized in that adhesion of granules thereof onto a granulation apparatus during granulation is minimized and caking of the granules is suppressed.

Abstract: Methods and pharmaceutical compositions for preventing and treating disease mediated by toxin-secreting bacteria. Inventive methods and compositions are suited to preventing or treating infections caused by bacterial toxins that enter host cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis (e.g., the anthrax and diphtheria toxins). Methods comprise a step of administering to an individual a pharmaceutical composition that includes an effective amount of an inhibitor of endosomal acidification. The inhibitor may be a primary amine, a carboxylic ionophore, or a selective inhibitor of the vacuolar proton pump (V-ATPase). The inhibitors of endosomal acidification may be employed in combination with other therapeutics such as antibiotics and antitoxins in order to prevent, treat or cure the disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical oily suspension comprising cephalosporin antibiotic or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, at least a biocompatible oil, a wetting agent, a dispersing agent and a resuspendibility enhancer, said suspension has improved properties, such as resuspendibility and chemical stability and process thereof.

Abstract: A combination for administration to a mammal which combination employs a therapeutically effective amount of a medicinal and/or therapeutic agent to treat a disease or condition and an amount of hyaluronic acid and/or salts thereof and/or homologues, analogues, derivatives, complexes, esters, fragments and subunits of hyaluronic acid sufficient to facilitate the agent's penetration through the tissue (including scar tissue) at the site to be treated, through the cell membranes into the individual cells to be treated.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical extended-release oral drug delivery system comprising as active ingredient Cefixime Trihydrate in combination with a hydrophilic matrix system, and optionally containing additional pharmaceutically acceptable constituents, wherein at least 20% up to but not more than 40% of Cefixime Trihydrate is released from said matrix within 1 hour from oral administration and the remainder of the pharmaceutical agent is released at a sustained rate.

Abstract: Antibiotic composition having four dosage forms with different release profiles providing for initial release of a beta lactam antibiotic followed by release of a beta-lactamase inhibitor, followed by release of the antibiotic followed by release of the inhibitor. In a preferred embodiment, release from the second, third and fourth dosage forms is initiated after the component released from the immediately previous form reaches Cmax.

Abstract: This invention is a method for preventing or treating postoperative ileus comprising administering a vasopressin antagonist such as a compound of Formula (1), where R1, R2, and R3 include hydrogen, halo, alkyl, and alkoxy; R and R5 are hydrogen or alkyl; R4 is hydrogen, phenyl, or substituted phenyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: The topical application of an azalide antibiotic such as azithromycin to the eye is useful in treating or preventing ocular infections. In one embodiment, the azalide antibiotic is supplied to the eye in a depot for sustained release. A more convenient dosing regimen can also be provided by the use of an appropriate depot. Furthermore, a composition containing a combination of medicaments is also provided.

Abstract: Co-administration of a lysostaphin or other anti-staphylococcal agent which cleaves cross-links of peptidoglycans of staphylococci cell walls such as lysostaphin and an antibiotic effective against staphylococci due to antibiotic activity mediated by cell-wall activity is effective against staphylococcal infection, even staphylococci that may be resistant to one or other of lysostaphin or the cell-wall active antibiotic. Co-administration simultaneously suppresses the generation of antibiotic-resistant mutant strains. Effective cell-wall active antibiotics include &bgr;-lactams and glycopeptides.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for treating or preventing bacterial infections. The compositions and methods include the use of antibiotics and cyclooxygenase inhibitors.

Abstract: A compound of formula 1

Abstract: The invention relates to the individualization of therapy on the basis of a phenotypic profile of an individual. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of metabolic phenotyping for the individualization of treatment with antibiotic agents.

Abstract: Administration of &bgr;-lactam compounds including &bgr;-lactam antibiotics and &bgr;-lactamase inhibitors provides significant neurotropic effects in warm-blooded vertebrates evidenced inter alia by anxiolytic and anti-aggressive behavior modification and enhanced cognition. Therapeutic methods for using such compounds and their pharmaceutical formulations are described.

Abstract: A method of administering an antibiotic to an animal in need thereof, including the step of injecting the antibiotic subcutaneously at the junction of a pinna with the cranium of the animal, is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the production and use of inorganic-polymer complexes for the controlled release of compounds including medicinals. Advantageously, the inorganic used is calcium sulfate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for synthesizing 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl derivatives from 1-acyl-alkyl derivatives, which typically proceeds stereospecifically, in high yield, does not require the use of activated intermediates and/or toxic compounds and is readily amenable to scale-up. The current invention also provides 1-acyl-alkyl derivatives of known drug compounds and methods for synthesizing these 1-acyl-alkyl derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bio enhancing composition containing extract and/or bioactive fraction/isolate from the plant Zingiber officinale in combinations combination with drugs, nutrients, nutraceuticals, micronutrients and herbal drugs/products and optionally containing piperine as a extract/active fraction obtained from piper nigrum, piper longum or its oleoresin as a bioavailability enhancer and its process for producing the extract or fractions from the plant source.

Abstract: Glucocorticoid blockers, including glucocorticoid receptor antagonists, are effective to prevent glucocorticoid-induced decrease in permeability of the blood-brain barrier and to increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Administration of glucocorticoid blockers, including glucocorticoid receptor antagonists, concomitant with administration of drugs for treating diseases of the central nervous system increases delivery of such drugs into the central nervous system.

Abstract: A composition comprising cefuroxime axetil in particulate form, the particles being coated with integral coatings of a lipid or mixture of lipids which are insoluble in water in which the composition further comprises a sweetener system and a texture modifier which serves to mask the bitter taste of cefuroxime axetil upon oral administration is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to an ionic antimicrobial coating. Such a coating may contain (1) a water-insoluble polymer having a first ionized group and (2) an antimicrobial agent having a second ionized group with a charge opposite to that of the first ionized group, in which the antimicrobial agent is attached to the water-insoluble polymer via an ionic bond between the first ionized group and the second ionized group.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions, methods, combinations, and kits for treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of developing diarrhea in a mammal; or treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of developing a symptom associated with, or related to, diarrhea in a mammal. In particular, the compositions, methods, combinations, and kits comprise an anti-diarrheal agent and an electrolyte.

Abstract: Derivatives of 7-alkylidene cephalosporanic acid sulfone and the pharmaceutically active salts thereof are found to be potent inhibitors of &bgr;-lactamase enzymes.

Abstract: Aqueous suspension formulations containing dexamethasone and ciprofloxacin are disclosed for the treatment of middle ear infections in human patients having an open tympanic membrane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new composition, use and method to improve the cure of infections caused by antibiotic resistant microbial pathogens, in particular beta-lactam resistant microorganisms. Lactoferrin (LF) or Lactoferricin (LFC) can be administrated alone or in combination with antibiotic to affect growth, physiology and morphology of targeted microorganism. Lactoferrin increase susceptibility and can reverse resistance of microorganism to antibiotics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microbial multidrug resistance and, in particular, to compounds that microbial drug transporters of the ABC protein superfamily. The invention also relates to methods for selecting or designing compounds for the ability to inhibit drug transporter proteins and to methods of inhibiting drug transporter proteins. The invention concerns the new use of opioid receptor antagonists in the treatment of multidrug resistant microbial infections.

Abstract: This invention provides &bgr;-lactam antibiotic-containing tablets capable of being orally taken either as such owing to their being small-sized, hence still easily swallowable, or, in the case of administration to the aged encountering some difficulty in swallowing, in the form of dispersions resulting from easy self-disintegration upon being dropped into water in a glass as well as a method of producing the same. The tablets of this invention comprise, on the per-tablet basis, 60-85% by weight of a &bgr;-lactam antibiotic, 1-10% by weight of low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose and/or crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone as a disintegrator, and 0.5-2% by weight of a binder. Granules to be compressed for tableting are prepared using water or an aqueous solution of ethanol or the like.

Abstract: Methods are provided for increasing and altering the timing of antibiotic production in Streptomyces species, particularly S. coelicolor and S. lividans, by functionally deleting the S. coelicolor scbA and scbR genes, respectively, or their homologues. Also provided are strains having such mutations, and methods of producing antibiotics using such strains. Also provided are methods for identifying strains in which functional deletion of the scbA and/or scbR genes or their homologues leads to the above effects.

Abstract: A nucleic acid sequence which regulates the autolytic activity of bacteria is provided. Methods for identifying and using agents which interact with the gene to inhibit bacterial growth and infectivity also are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides Helicobacter polypeptides that can be used in vaccination methods for preventing or treating Helicobacter infection, and polynucleotides that encode these polypeptides.

Abstract: A substantially taste masked liquid pharmaceutical composition containing a pharmaceutically effective amount of an unpleasant tasting drug dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous excipient base, said excipient base comprising polyvinyl pyrrolidone and/or copolyvidone, and high molecular weight polyethylene glycol.

Abstract: Disclosed are cephalosporin derivatives of the general formula wherein R is an organic residue with a molecular weight not exceeding 400 bonded to the adjacent sulphur atom via carbon and consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and optional oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and/or halogen atoms; R1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or phenyl; and A is a secondary, tertiary or quaternary nitrogen atom bound directly to the propenyl group and being substituted by an organic residue with a molecular weight not exceeding 400 and consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and optional oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and/or halogen atoms, as well as readily hydrolyzable esters thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds and hydrates of the compounds of formula I and of their esters and salts.