Abstract: The invention describes methods and compositions for alleviating recurrent medical afflictions for which anxiety may cause or exacerbate the affliction. A subject suffering from the affliction is treated with a combination of a pharmaceutical that enhances learning, and a second pharmaceutical recognized to be useful for treatment of the affliction. Representative afflictions include insomnia, erectile dysfunction, female sexual dysfunction, neuropathic pain, attention deficit disorder, and depression.

Abstract: A method of treatment for epilepsy and other disease states is described, which comprises the delivery of gabapentin in a gastric retained dosage form.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a carbamazepine-cyclodextrin inclusion complex useful for the parenteral administration of carbamazepine. The carbamazepine-cyclodextrin inclusion complex is prepared by the admixture of a modified cyclodextrin and carbamazepine in a physiologically acceptable fluid. Modified cyclodextrins include 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and sulfoalkyl cyclodextrins. More particularly, the sulfoalkyl cyclodextrins are those described and disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,134,127 and 5,376,645. A physiologically acceptable fluid includes sterile isotonic water, Ringer's lactate, D5W (5% dextrose in water), physiological saline, and similar fluids suitable for parenteral administration.

Abstract: The present invention provides for compositions and methods for treating or preventing addictive and compulsive diseases and disorders, particular alcohol-related diseases and disorders, disclosed herein. The GLP activators of the present invention are effective against various alcohol and drug dependency diseases. In accordance with the invention, the present compositions and methods can be used to intercede upstream or downstream in the signal transduction cascade involved in GLP action to treat various alcohol and drug dependency diseases. In one embodiment, the synthesis or release of endogenous GLP can be stimulated. In another embodiment, the endogenous synthesis or release of another molecule active in the cascade downstream from GLP, (e.g., a molecule produced in response to GLP binding to a receptor), can be stimulated.

Abstract: The invention concerns methods of treating suicidal ideation or behavior in a subject in need thereof, comprising decreasing endogenous nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activity in the subject; therapeutic packages for treating suicidal ideation or behavior; and methods for determining the efficacy of a treatment for suicidal ideation or behavior. In some embodiments, the treatment methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an inhibitor of a nAChR, such as a lithium compound, mecamylamine, clozapine, or asenapine.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods and formulations for treating anxiety disorders, including Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, in human subjects employing coordinate treatment using ? and ? blockers alone or in combination with additional psychotherapeutic medications to treat the anxiety disorder and reduce symptomology in treated subjects.

Abstract: Loxapine, amoxapine, or salts or prodrugs of either, is effective in alleviating pain, particularly headache pain such as migraine, cluster headaches and tension headaches. Preferably the loxapine or amoxapine is administered systemically, most preferably by inhalation.

Abstract: Provided herein methods of screening for potential antidepressant compounds effective to increase production of cellular CDP-diacylglycerol and synthesis of inositol phospholipid in depression-related areas of the brain. Also, provided are methods of diagnosing and treating depressive or mood disorders in a subject by administering these screened antidepressant compounds. Further provided is a method of determining the therapeutic efficacy of an antidepressant drug regimen by comparing the ratio of CDP-diacylglycerol/inositol phosphate after treatment to a basal ratio in a subject.

Abstract: The invention is related to anti-viral compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, as well as to processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed at least in part to compositions and methods comprising nicotinic agonists for treating e.g., nervous system disorders, in particular, to combination therapies that include a nicotinic agonist (for example, nicotine) and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor desensitization inhibitor (for example, opipramol).

Abstract: The invention relates to an oral multiparticle pharmaceutical dosage form in the form of a receptacle reducing the pH values of stomach, containing a plurality of pellets, particles, granules or agglomerates whose mean diameter ranges from 50 to 2500 ?n substentially consisting of a) an internal matrix layer containing an active agent which is neither peptide or protein, nor the derivatives or conjugates thereof, a lipophilic matrix whose melting point is greater than 37° C. and a polymer with mucoadhesive effect, b) an external film coating substentially consisting of a polymer or an anionic copolymer which is optionally formulated with conventional pharmaceutical additives, wherein the active agent has a water solubility according to DAB 10, of at least 30 volume parts of water for one part by weight of the active agent and is coated with the lipophilic matrix and said active agent-containing lipophilic matrix is coated with a matrix made of a polymer with mucoadhesive effect.

Abstract: Prolonged administration of subanesthetic dosages of ketamine, which suppresses activity at NMDA receptors, can provide a damaged central nervous system with an opportunity to use its innate healing processes to “reset” NMDA receptors which were pushed into an unwanted hyper-sensitized state by unusually high activity. However, such treatments can cause permanent brain damage, if the ketamine dosage is too heavy or prolonged. Certain types of “safener” drugs have previously been identified, which can block or at least reduce those unwanted side effects. It is disclosed that if two classes of safener drugs are combined, which will simultaneously suppress activity at both (i) muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and (ii) the kainate and AMPA classes of glutamate receptors, those safener drug combinations can provide exceptionally potent and reliable safening activity, which can enable the safe use of potent NMDA antagonist drugs for a number of highly beneficial purposes.

Abstract: Controlled-release preparations of oxcarbazepine and derivatives thereof for once-a-day administration are disclosed. The inventive compositions comprise solubility- and/or release enhancing agents to provide tailored drug release profiles, preferably sigmoidal release profiles. Methods of treatment comprising the inventive compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel aza-thia-benzoazulene derivatives of formula I as defined in the claims, their preparation, the use of these novel compounds for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions, the use of these novel compounds and compositions for managing arthritis and arthritis-related conditions as well as in the treatment of pain in animals and humans. More particularly, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical, preferably veterinary compositions and methods for reducing inflammation and pain associated with acute inflammation of body parts, particularly joints, due to injury or due to arthritic conditions or other disease conditions.

Abstract: Novel 5-HT3 receptor modulators are disclosed. These compounds are used in the treatment of various disorders, including chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, post-operative nausea and vomiting, and irritable bowel syndrome. Methods of making these compounds are also described in the present invention.

Abstract: The use of 5H-dibenz/b,f/azepine-5-carboxamide derivatives for treating fibromyalgia. Useful 5H-dibenz/b,f/azepine-5-carboxamide derivatives include compounds of the formula (I): where R1 is hydrogen, alkyl, halogenalkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, or pyridyl; the term alkyl means a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms; the term halogen means fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine; the term cycloalkyl means an alicyclic saturated group with 3 to 6 carbon atoms; and the term aryl means an unsubstituted phenyl group or phenyl substituted by alkoxy, halogen or nitro group.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the identification of novel mechanisms involved in the initiation and spreading of axonal degeneration. In particular, the instant invention relates to the identification of a relationship between Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and axonal degeneration and the use of TLR inhibitors as antagonists of axonal degeneration.

Abstract: Provided are methods of determining whether a compound is an inhibitor of an S100 protein. The methods utilize a biosensor that comprises the S100 protein that has a covalently bound fluorescent dye at an amino acid residue of the S100 protein that becomes less exposed to the aqueous solution upon activation of the S100 protein, where the fluorescent dye has decreased fluorescence when exposed to the aqueous solution than when protected from exposure to the aqueous solution. Also provided are methods of treating a subject having metastatic cancer.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds that are glycine transporter 1 (hereinafter referred to as GlyT-1) inhibitors and are therefore useful for the treatment of diseases treatable by inhibition of GlyT-1 such as cognitive disorders associated with Schizophrenia, ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), MCI (mild cognitive impairment), and the like. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and processes for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of p11 as a drug target as well as a tool for the diagnosis, treatment and development of p11/5-HT receptor related disorders. The invention further relates to p11 knock-out animals as well as p11 transgenic animals and their use as models for the development of novel psychotherapeutic agents, and to methods of diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of p11/5-HT receptor related disorders.

Abstract: The use of copolymers obtained by free-radical polymerization of a mixture of i) 30 to 80% by weight of N-vinyllactam, ii) 10 to 50% by weight of vinyl acetate, and iii) 10 to 50% by weight of a polyether, with the proviso that the total of components i), ii) and iii) equals 100% by weight, as solubilizers for slightly water-soluble substances.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the methods and compositions involving nucleic acids with long repeat sequences. In some embodiments of the invention, there are methods for generating such a nucleic acid, and in other methods, there are methods for using such a nucleic acid to screen for candidate therapeutic compounds. Furthermore the present invention relates to methods of screening for Notch inhibitors and other substances that may be used to treat muscle loss and wasting.

Abstract: The present invention concerns compounds inter alia according to general formula 1a. Compounds according to the invention are vasopressin V1a receptor antagonists. Pharmaceutical compositions of the compounds are useful as treatment of dysmenorrhoea.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the composition and methods of manufacture of orally-dissolvable, edible films as a vehicle for the non-invasive administration of active drugs through the mucosal tissues of the oral cavity. The films include a water soluble film-forming polymer such as pullulan. Methods for producing the films are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to particles and to methods of making particles. In particular, the invention relates to methods of making composite active particles comprising a pharmaceutically active material for pulmonary inhalation, the method comprising a jet milling process.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for treating neurological diseases and disorders. Compounds that replace or enhance the function of SMN or alleviate or reduce a phenotype of cells with low SMN protein levels are provided. Screening methods and kits for identifying such compounds also are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treatment of clinical disorders associated with protein polymerization comprising administering, to a subject, an effective amount of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine or another carbamazepine-like compound. It is based, at least in part, on the discovery that, in cells having a genetic defect in ?1-antitrypsin, carbamazepine was able to decrease levels of the mutant protein. Furthermore, carbamazepine reduced the hepatic load of mutant ?1-antitrypsin and the toxic effect of that mutant protein accumulation, hepatic fibrosis, in vivo using a mouse model of the disease. As patients having this defect in ?1-antitrypsin exhibit toxic accumulations of the protein, treatment according to the invention may be used to ameliorate symptoms and signs of disease.

Abstract: A method of treatment for epilepsy and other disease states is described, which comprises delivery of gabapentin in a gastric retained dosage form.

Abstract: S-protected cysteine analogs and related compounds and methods of using these compounds for the treatment of diseases and/or conditions, including but not limited to diseases and/or conditions of Central Nervous System (CNS).

Abstract: S-t-butyl protected cysteine di-peptide analogs and related compounds and methods of using these compounds for the treatment of diseases and/or conditions, including but not limited to diseases and/or conditions of Central Nervous System (CNS).

Abstract: A nanosphere or microsphere drug carrier, formulations comprising the drug carrier and the preparation method of the formulations and the use of the carrier are disclosed. The carrier comprises a biodegradable methoxy end-capped polyethylene glycol-polylactide block copolymersor a derivative thereof represented by formula (I) as the main carrier material: CH3O—[CH2—CH2—O]m—[C(O)—CH(CH3)—O]n—R (I).

Abstract: The present invention is related to the composition and methods of manufacture of orally-dissolvable, edible films as a vehicle for the non-invasive administration of nitroglycerin, as well as other therapeutic agents either with or without nitroglycerin, through the mucosal tissues of the oral cavity. The films include a water soluble film-forming polymer such as pullulan. Methods for producing the films are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition for reducing beta amyloid-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting ?-secretase activity, comprising a dibenzofuran derivative, and a method for preparing the same. Further disclosed is that the combination of the dibenzofuran derivative with a ?-secretase inhibitor or an anti-inflammatory agent shows higher activity with respect to reducing beta amyloid-induced neurotoxicity.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of 5H-dibenz/b,f/azepine-5-carboxamide derivatives in the manufacture of various medicaments for treating neuropathic pain and for treating neurological disorders which involve both motor impairment and neuropathic pain.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to pharmacological methods for the prevention of amelioration of sleep-related breathing disorders via administration of agents or combinations of agents that possess serotonin-related pharmacological activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of improving cognitive and motor deficits associated with central nervous system (CNS) disorder or condition in an animal. The methods comprise a general administration of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors and optionally training the animal under conditions sufficient to produce an improvement in performance.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions comprising a dextromethorphan analog according to Formula I or Formula II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of either of the foregoing, and a co-agent, e.g., an antidepressant such as a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; a serotonin noradrenaline dopamine reuptake inhibitor; a norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor; a monoamine oxidase inhibitor; a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; and a tricyclic antidepressant or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing. The compositions are useful in the treatment of pseudobulbar affect, neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, brain injuries, and the like.

Abstract: Methods for treating obsessive compulsive disorder are described. In one method, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) and ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to a patient suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder. The step of administering the SRI and the ondansetron is then repeated for more than seven days. In another method, an SRI, a neuroleptic, and ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to a patient suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder. The step of administering the SRI, the neuroleptic, and the ondansetron is then repeated for more than seven days. In another method, ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to a patient suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder for more than seven days. The ondansetron or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be administered as a pharmaceutically effective dose up to about 1.5 mg (free-base equivalent).

Abstract: The present invention concerns compositions, methods and/or apparatus of central administration of various CNS-ac-Live agents. In particular embodiments, intrathecal administration is advantageous for decreasing the systemic concentrations of CNS agent, thereby decreasing side effect toxicity, while allowing more effective delivery of the agent to the site of action, simultaneously decreasing the dosage delivered to the subject. In particular embodiments, ICV delivery may be of use for patients who have previously proven to be refractory to systemic administration of CNS agents, in some cases due to systemic side effects, or for those patients whose symptoms are of sufficient severity to warrant more aggressive therapeutic intervention. ICV administration allows not only lower systemic concentration but also higher therapeutically effective concentration within the CNS.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the compounds useful in the prevention and/or treatment of tumours. More specifically the present invention relates to inhibitors of the activity of the electron transport chains and/or the mitochondrial TCA cycle in glioma-initiating cells (GICs) for use in a method for preventing and/or treating tumours presenting glioma-initiating cells (GICs) in a subject who has undergone a prior removal of a tumour glioma bulk. The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition containing the inhibitors of the invention and a screening method for identifying the inhibitors of the invention.

Abstract: A method of treatment for epilepsy and other disease states is described, which comprises delivery of gabapentin in a gastric retained dosage form.

Abstract: A method of treatment for epilepsy and other disease states is described, which comprises the delivery of gabapentin in a gastric retained dosage form.

Abstract: Liposomes of a size of less than 200 nanometers target tumors and preferentially deliver imipramine blue to tumors, including brain tumors such as gliomas. The imipramine blue decreases the invasiveness of the tumors, and inhibits tumor metastasis. The liposomes include cholesterol and chemically pure phospholipids that are essentially neutral and contain saturated fatty acids of between 16 and 18 carbon atoms, such as distearoylphosphatidyl choline, and can also include one or more pegylated phospholipids, such as DSPE-PEG.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising an amphiphile and an active ingredient whose solubility in water at 20° C. is not more than 10 g/L. Likewise provided is an amphiphile comprising a hyperbranched polycarbonate which is joined to at least one linear or comb-type polymer, a process for preparing the amphiphile, and the use of the amphiphile in compositions comprising an active ingredient whose solubility in water at 20° C. is not more than 10 g/L.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions comprising a dextromethorphan analog according to Formula I or Formula II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either of the foregoing and a co-agent, e.g., an antidepressant such as a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; a serotonin noradrenaline dopamine reuptake inhibitor; a norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor; a monoamine oxidase inhibitor; a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; and a tricyclic antidepressant or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing. The compositions are useful in the treatment of pseudobulbar affect, neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, brain injuries, and the like.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a tetrahydro-cyclopentyl pyrazole cannabinoid modulator compound of formula (I): and a method for use in treating, ameliorating or preventing a cannabinoid receptor mediated syndrome, disorder or disease.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a drug substance consisting essentially of a pharmaceutically acceptable organic acid addition salt of an amine containing pharmaceutically active compound wherein the amine containing pharmaceutical active compound is selected from the group consisting of racemic or single isomer ritalinic acid or phenethylamine derivatives and the drug substance has a physical form selected from amorphous and polymorphic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the purification and particle size of eslicarbazepine acetate. The present invention also relates to the physical characteristics of solid state eslicarbazepine acetate, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a hexahydro-cyclooctyl pyrazole cannabinoid modulator compound of formula (I): and a method for use in treating, ameliorating or preventing a cannabinoid receptor mediated syndrome, disorder or disease.

Abstract: The invention is related to anti-viral compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, as well as to processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.