Abstract: A compound of formula (I) and their preparation and use as pharmaceuticals wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compounds that inhibit protein kinases, such as JAK, Axl, or Syk kinases, compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the compounds to inhibit protein kinase and treat and/or prevent diseases associated with inappropriate kinase activity.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound having the formula (I): or salts, solvates, tautomers or N-oxides thereof, wherein T is N or CR5; J1-J2 is N?C(R6), (R7)C?N, (R8)N—C(O), (R8)2C—C(O), N?N or (R7)C?C(R6); A is an optionally substituted saturated C1-7 hydrocarbon linker group having a maximum chain length of 5 atoms extending between R1 and NR2R3 and a maximum chain length of 4 atoms extending between E and NR2R3, one of the carbon atoms in the linker group being optionally replaced by oxygen or nitrogen; E is a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic group or an acyclic group X-G wherein X is CH2, O, S or NH and G is a C1-4 alkylene chain wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by O, S or NH; R1 is hydrogen or an aryl or heteroaryl group; R2 and R3 are each hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-4 hydrocarbyl or optionally substituted C1-4 acyl; or NR2R3 forms an imidazole group or a saturated monocyclic heterocyclic group having 4-7 ring members; or NR2R3 and A together form a satur

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) which are inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylases (PNP), purine phosphoribosyltransferases (PPRT), 5?-methylthioadenosine phosphorylases (MTAP), 5?-methylthioadenosine nucleosidases (MTAN) and/or nucleoside hydrolases (NH). The invention also relates to the use of these compounds in the treatment of diseases and infections including cancer, bacterial infections, protozoal infections, and T-cell mediated disease and to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that are substituted pyridyl-linked-xantbines of formula I which are selective antagonists of A2B adenosine receptors (ARs). These compounds and compositions are useful as pharmaceutical agents.

Abstract: An anti-inflammation substrate for decreasing the proinflammation induced by the cytokines and inhibiting the lung function degeneration is provided. The anti-inflammation substrate includes one selected from the group consisting of a 7-[2-[4-(2-chlorobenzene)piperazinyl]ethyl]-1,3-dimethylxanthine, a 7-[2-[4-(4-nitrobenzene)piperazinyl]ethyl]-1,3-dimethylxanthine, a respective pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, and a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formulas (I), (Ia) and (II) and salts and physiologically functional derivatives thereof, wherein the substituents —Y are attached to the 5- or 6-position of the benzazole.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for treating hepatitis B virus infection in humans comprising administering a synergistically effective amount of agents having known anti-hepatitis B virus activity in combination or alternation. Specifically, the invention is directed to a method for treating hepatitis B virus infection comprising administering FTC in combination or alternation with penciclovir, famciclovir or Bis-POM-PMEA. Additionally, the invention is directed to a method for treating hepatitis B virus infection comprising administering L-FMAU in combination or alternation with DAPD, penciclovir or Bis-POM-PMEA. The invention is further directed to a method for treating hepatitis B virus infection comprising administering DAPD in combination or alternation with Bis-POM-PMEA.

Abstract: A new class of diketo acids constructed on nucleobase scaffolds, designed as inhibitors of HIV replication through inhibition of HIV integrase, is described. These compounds are useful in the prevention or treatment of infection by HIV and in the treatment of AIDS and ARC, either as the compounds, or as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, used alone or in combination with antivirals, immunomodulators, antibiotics, vaccines, and other therapeutic agents. Methods of treating AIDS and ARC and methods of treating or preventing infection by HIV are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to new purine derivatives of general formula wherein R1 to R4 are defined as in the claims, the tautomers, the stereoisomers, the mixtures, the prodrugs thereof and the salts thereof, particularly the physiologically acceptable salts thereof with inorganic or organic acids or bases which have valuable pharmacological properties, particularly an inhibiting effect on the activity of the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV), the preparation thereof, the use thereof for the prevention or treatment of diseases or conditions associated with an increased DPP-IV activity or capable of being prevented or alleviated by reducing the DPP-IV activity, particularly type I or type II diabetes mellitus, the pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of general formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof as well as processes for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides substituted di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-sulfide compounds and compositions, and methods of using the same for the treatment and/or prevention of a cell proliferative disorder. The present invention also provides methods for preparing trisulfide compounds and compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of gene expression profiling for inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis, in which the differential expression in a test sample from a mammalian subject of one or more IBD markers relative to a control is determined, wherein the differential expression in the test sample is indicative of an IBD in the mammalian subject from which the test sample was obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted xanthines of general formula the tautomers, the stereoisomers, the mixtures thereof, the prodrugs thereof and the salts thereof, which have valuable pharmacological properties, particularly an inhibitory effect on the activity of the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV).

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug ester thereof: wherein the groups R1-R6, A and Y are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted xanthines of the general formula in which R1 to R3 and n are as defined in claims 1 to 8, their tautomers, their enantiomers, their diastereomers, their mixtures, their prodrugs and their salts, which have valuable pharmacological properties, in particular an inhibitory action on the activity of the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV).

Abstract: There are disclosed novel compounds of Formula (I) wherein L, R1, X and Y are as defined in the specification, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; together with processes for their preparation, compositions containing them and their use in therapy. The compounds are inhibitors of the enzyme MPO and are thereby particularly useful in the treatment or prophylaxis of neuroinflammatory disorders, cardio- and cerebrovascular atherosclerotic disorders and peripheral artery disease and respiratory disorders.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula wherein n, Y, Z, R, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the specification, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in therapy.

Abstract: Compounds and compositions for treating disorders related to TRPA1 are described herein.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds having the formula (I): and to their pharmaceutical compositions and to their methods of use. These novel compounds provide a treatment for cancer.

Abstract: This invention relates to an adenine derivative, a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof represented by general formula (I): wherein X represents NR3 (wherein R3 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-3 alkyl) or the like; R1 represents substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or the like; R2 represents hydroxyl or the like; and Y represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hetero ring or the like. Also, the present invention relates to pharmaceuticals such as an interferon inducer, antiviral agent, anticancer agent, type 2 helper T cell selective immune response inhibitor, antiallergic agent, and immune response modulator comprising the above derivative as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel methods of antagonizing the A3 adenosine receptor in a mammal, comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective dose of a compound of the formula: wherein R is hydrogen or acyl; R1 is hydrogen, halo, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; R2 is optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; Y is C1-4 alkylene; and Z is phenyl, optionally substituted with halo, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 alkoxy. The A3 adenosine receptors may be antagonized in order to treat a disease state is chosen from renal failure, nephritis, hypertension, oedemas, Alzheimers disease, stress, depression, cardiac arrhythmia, restoration of cardiac function, asthma, respiratory disorders, ischemia-induced injury of the brain, heart and kidney, and diarrhea.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds that are partial and full A1 adenosine receptor agonists having the structure of Formula I: which are useful for treating various disease states, in particular tachycardia and atrial flutter, angina, and myocardial infarction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds that form covalent bonds with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Also described are irreversible inhibitors of Btk. Methods for the preparation of the compounds are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions that include the compounds. Methods of using the Btk inhibitors are disclosed, alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, for the treatment of autoimmune diseases or conditions, heteroimmune diseases or conditions, cancer, including lymphoma, and inflammatory diseases or conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein R1, Y1, X1, Z1, X2, Y2, A, Y3, n, R and R2 are as defined in the specification, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in therapy.

Abstract: Novel PDF inhibitors and novel methods for their use are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel purinones and purines useful for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disease, mast cell mediated disease and transplant rejection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to orally effective ligands of the peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB2, especially (+)-?-pinene derivatives, and to pharmaceutical compositions thereof, which are useful for prevention, alleviation or treatment of autoimmune neurodegenerative disorders, in particular multiple sclerosis and associated symptoms. Methods of the invention are useful when the active ingredient is administered alone or in combination with existing therapeutic modalities. The compositions are administered by oral route.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of MPO inhibitors for the treatment of multiple system atrophy. The present invention also relates to the use of MPO inhibitors for the treatment of Huntington's disease. The present invention also relates to the use of MPO inhibitors for neuroprotection.

Abstract: The application relates to new substituted xanthines of general formula wherein R1 and R2 are defined as in claims 1 to 11, the tautomers, the enantiomers, the diastereomers, the mixtures thereof and the salts thereof, which have valuable pharmacological properties, particularly an inhibiting effect on the activity of the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV).

Abstract: The present invention relates to new substituted xanthines of general formula wherein R1, R2 and X are defined as in the claims, the tautomers, the enantiomers, the diastereomers, the mixtures thereof and the salts thereof, which have valuable pharmacological properties, particularly an inhibiting effect on the activity of the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV).

Abstract: Graft rejection is a serious problem associated with tissue or organ transplantation (e.g., allotransplantation or xenotransplantation), performed to treat various organ failures (e.g., liver, heart, lung, kidney, or pancreas). Described are pharmaceutical compositions for suppressing, treating, or preventing graft rejection comprising a substance having an activity to modulate signal transduction mediated by AILIM, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: The present application includes a compound of Formula I or II: or a pharmaceutically acceptable-salt, solvate, and/or ester thereof, compositions containing such compounds, therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds with at least one additional active agent.

Abstract: Provided herein are Heteroaryl Compounds having the following structure: wherein R1, R3, R4, L, X, Y, A and B are as defined herein, compositions comprising an effective amount of a Heteroaryl Compound and methods for treating or preventing cancer, inflammatory conditions, immunological conditions, metabolic conditions and conditions treatable or preventable by inhibition of a kinase pathway comprising administering an effective amount of a Heteroaryl Compound to a patient in need thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides 2-, 6, and 9-substituted purine derivatives, particularly 2(1-R hydroxymethylpropylamino)-6-benzylamino-9-isopropyl purine, having, in particular, antiproliferative properties, and suitable for use as pharmaceutical compositions and herbicidal compositions. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and herbicidal compositions comprising the 2-, 6, and 9-substituted purine derivatives, and methods of treatment using the 2-, 6, and 9-substituted purine derivatives.

Abstract: Disclosed are substituted xanthines of general formula wherein R1 to R4 are defined hereinbelow, the tautomers, the stereoisomers, the mixtures thereof, the prodrugs thereof and the salts thereof, which have valuable pharmacological properties, particularly an inhibitory effect on the activity of the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV).

Abstract: The invention relates to novel products of formula (I): in which: Y represents N, O, S, CHR3 or ?CR3 the dashed line representing a single or double bond, R and R1 represent in particular H, Hal, OH, alkyl, alkoxy, cyano, NO2, NR4R5, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, —S(O)n-NR4R5 with n representing 0 to 2, acyl, —NH—CO-alkyl or —NH—CO—NH-phenyl, R3 represents H, Hal, alkyl, cyano, NO2, NR4R5, trifluoromethyl or aryl, R2 represents R4, OR4, SR4 or NR4R5, R4 represents H, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, either R4 and R5 are chosen from the values for R4, or R4 and R5 form, with N, a heterocyclic radical which may contain N, O and S, all these radicals being optionally substituted, these products being in all the isomeric forms and the salts, as medicinal products.

Abstract: A method for improvement of tolerance for therapeutically effective agents delivered by inhalation comprising a pretreatment of a patient with a nebulized lidocaine or a lidocaine-like compound administered immediately or up to about thirty minutes before administration of the primary therapeutically effective agent. The pretreatment of the patient with the nebulized lidocaine or a lidocaine-like compound improves airway tolerance and deposition of the agent in the lungs and makes such deposition more safe, efficacious, controllable and predictable. The method of the invention is especially useful for enhancement of deposition of immunosuppressive agents in the lung(s) of transplant patients, improved tolerance of the drugs by reducing cough, and improving pulmonary drug deposition.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating asthma, inflammatory gastrointestinal tract disorders, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and diseases related to undesirable angiogenesis using A2B adenosine receptor antagonists having the structure of Formula I or Formula II:

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I) are described: wherein A is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring. Compositions comprising such compounds and methods of use thereof are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel purine and imidazopyridine derivatives useful for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disease, mast cell mediated disease and transplant rejection.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to novel antiviral compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and their use. More specifically this invention is drawn to derivatives of monocyclic polyamines which have activity in standard tests against HIV- or FIV-infected cells as well as other biological activity related to binding of ligands to chemokine receptors that mediate a number of mammalian embryonic developmental processes.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof wherein the symbols have meaning as defined, which are inhibitors of cathepsin K and find use pharmaceutically for treatment of diseases and medical conditions in which cathepsin K is implicated, e.g. various disorders including inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and tumors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to purine derivatives, which can be used as selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) type IV inhibitors. Compounds disclosed herein can be useful in the treatment of asthma, arthritis, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), psoriasis, allergic rhinitis, shock, atopic dermatitis, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), eosinophilic granuloma, allergic conjunctivitis, osteoarthritis, ulcerative colitis and other inflammatory diseases especially in humans. Also provided are processes for the preparation of disclosed compounds, pharmaceutical composition containing the disclosed compounds and their use as selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) type IV inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to four distinct crystalline polymorphs of a monohydrate of Compound A having the following chemical structure: Compound A. These four polymorphic forms, herein referred to as Forms I, II III and IV are active as a CXC-chemokine receptor ligands. The invention is further directed to formulations, methods of treatment, and processes of synthesis of these polymorphic forms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a particulate composition containing; a) 5 to 90% of at least one phosphatidyl choline component b) 5 to 90% of at least one diacyl glycerol component, at least one tocopherol, or mixtures thereof, and c) 1 to 40% of at least one non-ionic stabilising amphiphile, where all parts are by weight relative to the sum of the weights of a+b+c and where the composition contains particles of at least one non-lamellar phase structure or forms particles of at least one non-lamellar phase structure when contacted with an aqueous fluid. The invention additionally relates to pharmaceutical formulations containing such compositions, methods for their formation and methods of treatment comprising their administration.

Abstract: The invention relates to sulphonamidoanilines of formula I, wherein A is N or CH, W, X, Y and Z are N or CH under the proviso that at least one of the three symbols W, X and Y represent CH, R1 represents NR4R5 or OR4, wherein R4 represents optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl optionally comprising one or two nitrogen or oxygen atoms, or substituted aryl, and R5 represents hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alky, or R4 and R5 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached represent an optionally substituted five- or six-membered nitrogen containing monocyclic ring, an optionally substituted nitrogen containing fully saturated bicyclic ring, or an spirocyclic fully saturated ring system containing one or two nitrogen atoms, R2 is hydrogen, lower alkenyl or alkyl, R3 is alkyl which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by halogen; alkenyl or aryl, and their salts; processes for their preparation, their application in the treatment of the human or animal body

Abstract: The present invention therefore provides a compound of formula (I) and compositions for treating diseases associated with cysteine protease activity. The compounds are reversible inhibitors of cysteine proteases S, K, F, L and B. Of particular interest are diseases associated with Cathepsin S. In addition this invention also discloses processes for the preparation of such inhibitors.

Abstract: Described are controlled release nanoparticulate formulations comprising a nanoparticulate agent to be administered and a rate-controlling polymer which functions to prolong the release of the agent following administration. The novel compositions release the agent following administration for a time period ranging from about 2 to about 24 hours or longer.

Abstract: A compound of the Formula (I), wherein A together with the carbon atoms to which it is attached forms a fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring, wherein said heteroaryl ring contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, and wherein the 5-membered ring containing G is linked to the ring formed by A in the meta position to the bridgehead carbon marked # in Formula (I): G is selected from O, S and NR5; Z is selected from N and CR6; Q1 is selected from optionally substituted aryl and heteroaryl, and the substituents R1 to R6 are as defined in the text for use in the production of an anti-angiogenic effect in a warm blooded animal such as man.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I) are described: wherein A is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring. Compositions comprising such compounds and methods of use thereof are also described.