Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods for preventing or reducing scar formation (e.g., hypertrophic scars). For example, provided herein are methods of administrating HMG-CoA-inhibiting agents for preventing or reducing scar formation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and compositions for the topical sustained delivery of therapeutic agents. Topical application of compositions containing a muscle fasciculating agent result in the sustained release of any therapeutic agent contained within the composition. More particularly, topical application of such compositions to the outer surface of the eyelid of a patient results in increased absorption and sustained release of the therapeutic agent into the eyes or systemically.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds that are substituted xanthine derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. For example, this invention relates to novel substituted xanthine derivatives that are derivatives of pentoxifylline. This invention also provides compositions comprising one or more compounds of this invention and a carrier and the use of the disclosed compounds and compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions for which pentoxifylline and related compounds are beneficial.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds that are substituted xanthine derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. For example, this invention relates to novel substituted xanthine derivatives that are derivatives of pentoxifylline. This invention also provides compositions comprising one or more compounds of this invention and a carrier and the use of the disclosed compounds and compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions for which pentoxifylline and related compounds are beneficial.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds that are substituted xanthine derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. For example, this invention relates to novel substituted xanthine derivatives that are derivatives of pentoxifylline. This invention also provides compositions comprising one or more compounds of this invention and a carrier and the use of the disclosed compounds and compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions for which pentoxifylline and related compounds are beneficial.

Abstract: Erythrocyte ATP-release modulators and composition and methods for their use to potentiate serum glucose clearance and vasodilation; methods for prophylactic or palliative therapy of glucose processing or vascular disorders; processes for preparing the modulators and compositions comprising them; and kits therefor.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in general, to fibroproliferative disorders, and, in particular, to methods and compositions for treating fibroproliferative disorders by administering to a mammal in need of treatment pharmacologically effective doses of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, such as pentoxifylline, and an anti-oxidant which is a precursor of glutathione, such as N-acetyl-cysteine, or their derivatives or metabolites.

Abstract: The invention provides Toll-like receptor (TLR) modulators, compositions comprising the same, and methods for using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds that are A2B adenosine receptor antagonists, useful for treating various disease states, including asthma and diarrhea.

Abstract: The invention describes the use of betaine for treating and preventing arterites. The invention also describes an orally administered composition for treating arterites and, in particular, intermittent claudication, said composition containing, as an active ingredient, an active therapeutic quantity of betaine glycine by single dose. The invention particularly describes a medicament provided for treating a patient suffering from an intermittent claudication caused by peripheral circulatory disorders such as arteriosclerosis obliterans or by thromboangiitis obliterans.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method of formation of disulfide bridges in substances bearing SH groups, in particular peptides, for example by formation of intramolecular disulfide bridges, in which a heterocyclic compound having at least one nitrogen atom (e.g. caffeine or a caffeine-like substance) is used for catalysis of the reaction. It was found, surprisingly, that addition of the heterocyclic substance increases both the yield and the purity of the product bearing disulfide bridges.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the fields of biology, genetics and medicine. In particular it concerns new methods for the detection, characterisation and/or treatment (or management) of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The invention equally concerns methods for identifying or screening compounds active in these diseases. The invention further concerns the compounds, genes, cells, plasmids or compositions useful for implementing the hereinabove methods. In particular, the invention describes the role of PDE4B in these diseases and its use as a therapeutic, diagnostic or experimental target.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions and methods are provided which are useful in the treatment of diseases through the modulation of potassium ion flux through voltage-dependent potassium channels. More particularly, the invention provides quinazolinone, compositions and methods that are useful in the treatment of central or peripheral nervous system disorders (e.g., migraine, ataxia, Parkinson's disease, bipolar disorders, trigeminal neuralgia, spasticity, mood disorders, brain tumors, psychotic disorders, myokymia, seizures, epilepsy, hearing and vision loss, Alzheimer's disease, age-related memory loss, learning deficiencies, anxiety and motor neuron diseases) and as neuroprotective agents (e.g., to prevent stroke and the like) by modulating potassium channels associated with the onset or recurrence of the indicated conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to therapeutic compositions comprising a surface active copolymer, such as poloxamer-188, in an amount effective to enhance microvascular blood flow and/or inflammation in injured skin or other tissue, and methods of using the therapeutic compositions of the invention to inhibit decreased blood flow associated with an injury, disease, or disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) which are xanthine derivatives, processes for the manufacture of said derivatives, pharmaceutical formulations containing these active compounds and the use of the compounds in therapy, for example, in the treatment of diseases where under-activation of the HM74A receptor contributes to the disease or where activation of the receptor will be beneficial

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted xanthines of general formula wherein R1 and R2 are defined as in the claims, the tautomers, the stereoisomers, the mixtures thereof, and the salts thereof, which have valuable pharmacological properties, particularly an inhibiting effect on the activity of the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV).

Abstract: The disclosure herein relates to nuclear hormone receptors including steroid hormone receptors, for example in connection with estrogen, progesterone, and androgen. Embodiments of compositions and methods are disclosed including such relating to compounds, including substituted theophyllines, capable of functioning as inhibitors of estrogen receptor alpha-mediated gene expression and having the ability to modify cancer cells and treat cancer, including breast cancers and resistant breast cancers, particularly those that are resistant to tamoxifen. In embodiments, methods of inhibiting breast cancer cells and resistant breast cancer cells are provided. In embodiments, a useful inhibitor compound includes TPSF/NSC 97998 and other compounds.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for treating vascular depression. The methods involve administering to a subject in need thereof a xanthine derivative in a therapeutically effective amount to treat vascular depression, particularly the xanthine derivatives pentoxifylline or propentofylline. The methods may further include administration of an additional therapeutic agent in combination with the xanthine derivative selected from the group consisting of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), and a drug used in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease. Compositions of the invention include pharmaceutical compositions and kits for treating vascular depression in a subject in need thereof that include therapeutically effective amounts of a xanthine derivative and an additional therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of an SSRI, an SNRI, and a drug used in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds that are substituted xanthine derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. For example, this invention relates to novel substituted xanthine derivatives that are derivatives of pentoxifylline. This invention also provides compositions comprising one or more compounds of this invention and a carrier and the use of the disclosed compounds and compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions for which pentoxifylline and related compounds are beneficial.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of agonists of the adenosine receptor system, for inhibiting viral replication in cells. In particular, the invention provides a composition and method for inhibiting viral replication in cells, the method comprising presenting to the cells an effective amount of the active ingredient. According to one embodiment, the adenosine agonist is an A3 receptor agonist (A3RAg). The invention is particularly useful, for although not limited to, inhibiting the replication of HIV virus in human cells.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery that compounds of Formula I are unexpectedly highly potent and selective inhibitors of the adenosine A1 receptor. Adenosine A1 antagonists can be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of numerous diseases, including cardiac and circulatory disorders, degenerative disorders of the central nervous system, respiratory disorders, and many diseases for which diuretic treatment is suitable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to therapeutically active xanthine compound derivatives, corresponding pharmaceutical formulations containing, processes for making or manufacture and the use of the aforementioned compounds in therapy, particularly in the treatment of diseases where under-activation of the HM74A receptor contributes to the disease or where activation of the receptor will be beneficial.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted xanthines of general formula the tautomers, the stereoisomers, the mixtures thereof, the prodrugs thereof and the salts thereof, which have valuable pharmacological properties, particularly an inhibitory effect on the activity of the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV).

Abstract: A method for healing a wound comprising the step of topically administering a wound healing composition to a wounded area, wherein the wound healing composition comprises a first medicament characterized as a phosphodiesterase type five inhibitor and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: The uses of PDE V inhibitors in methods for the treatment of congestive heart failure and other physiological disorders, as a monotherapy and in combination with other active agents are disclosed.

Abstract: A xanthine phosphodiesterase V inhibitor having the formula (I), with the variables defined herein, which is especially useful for treating male (erectile) and female sexual dysfunction and other physiological disorders: For example, a representative compound of the invention is:

Abstract: Disclosed are pharmaceutically acceptable PDE V inhibitor Formulations that are especially useful for treating male erectile and female sexual dysfunction and other physiological disorders.

Abstract: The application relates to new substituted xanthines of general formula wherein R1 and R2 are defined as in claims 1 to 11, the tautomers, the enantiomers, the diastereomers, the mixtures thereof and the salts thereof, which have valuable pharmacological properties, particularly an inhibiting effect on the activity of the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV).

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating asthma, inflammatory gastrointestinal tract disorders, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and diseases related to undesirable angiogenesis using A2B adenosine receptor antagonists having the structure of Formula I or Formula II:

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I) are described: wherein A is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring. Compositions comprising such compounds and methods of use thereof are also described.

Abstract: Methods of treating, preventing and/or managing cancer as well as and diseases and disorders associated with, or characterized by, undesired angiogenesis are disclosed. Specific methods encompass the administration of an immunomodulatory compound alone or in combination with a second active ingredient. The invention further relates to methods of reducing or avoiding adverse side effects associated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, biological therapy or immunotherapy which comprise the administration of an immunomodulatory compound. Pharmaceutical compositions, single unit dosage forms, and kits suitable for use in methods of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of treating, preventing and/or managing cancer as well as and diseases and disorders associated with, or characterized by, undesired angiogenesis are disclosed. Specific methods encompass the administration of an immunomodulatory compound alone or in combination with a second active ingredient. The invention further relates to methods of reducing or avoiding adverse side effects associated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, biological therapy or immunotherapy which comprise the administration of an immunomodulatory compound. Pharmaceutical compositions, single unit dosage forms, and kits suitable for use in methods of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I) are described: wherein A is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring. Compositions comprising such compounds and methods of use thereof are also described.

Abstract: Methods of treating, preventing and/or managing a myelodysplastic syndrome are disclosed. Specific methods encompass the administration of a selective cytokine inhibitory drug, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, stereoisomer, clathrate, or prodrug thereof, alone or in combination with a second active ingredient, and/or blood or cells for transplantation therapy. Specific second active ingredients are capable of affecting or improving blood cell production. Pharmaceutical compositions, single unit dosage forms, and kits suitable for use in methods of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating various neurodegenerative disorders, in which a xanthine derivative represented by formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as an active ingredient, is administered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted xanthines of general formula wherein R1 to R3 are defined as in claims 1 to 16, the tautomers, the stereoisomers, the mixtures, the prodrugs thereof and the salts thereof which have valuable pharmacological properties, particularly an inhibiting effect on the activity of the enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a metabolite of a xanthine Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor having the following structure derivatives, and formulations thereof, and processes for preparing the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel adenosine receptor antagonists, more particularly, A1 adenosine receptor antagonists of formula (I). Pharmaceutical compositions comprising an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are further provided. Compositions also include diagnostic assay-type probes comprising a novel A1 adenosine receptor antagonist of formula (I) that is labeled or conjugated with radioactive or non-radioactive material. Methods for treating A1 adenosine receptor related disorders comprising administering an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist of formula (I) are also disclosed. The novel A1 adenosine receptor antagonist compositions of formula (I) find further use in diagnostic and imaging methods. wherein R3 is Alk14ArR16, and wherein Alk14 is C1-8 straight or branched alkylene or alkenylene.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I) are described: wherein A is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring. Compositions comprising such compounds and methods of use thereof are also described.

Abstract: Crystalline polymorphs of 1-ethyl-3,7-dihydro-8-[(1R,2R) -(hydroxycyclopentyl)amino]-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-7-[(3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-Purine-2,6-dione in Form 1 and Form 2, which exhibit x-ray powder diffraction profiles substantially the same as those shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively, and which exhibit differential scanning calorimtery profiles substantially the same as those shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, respectively, and are represented by the formula: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the polymorph Form 1 or 2 of Compound 13 and at least one excipient or carrier, and methods of using the polymorph Form 1 or 2 of Compound 13 to treat a variety of physiological disorders, such as erectile dysfunction.

Abstract: The present invention is a 1,3,8 substituted xanthine derivative of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the specification. Compounds of formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof show activity as modulators of gluconeogenesis.

Abstract: 3,7-Dihydro-purine-2,6-dione derivatives of Formula (I) are provided wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are herein defined for use as CRF receptor ligands in the treatment of disorders characterized by overexpression of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), such as anxiety, depression, and irritable bowel syndrome.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having selective hydrolytic potential. The disclosed compounds are useful as compounds having selective stability and are capable of undergoing programmed hydrolysis in biologic systems.

Abstract: Novel heterocyclic compounds having a six membered ring structure fused to a five membered ring structure are found to be useful for the treatment and prevention of symptoms or manifestations associated with disorders affected by Interleukin-12 (“IL-12”) intracellular signaling, such as, for example, Th1 cell-mediated disorders. The therapeutic compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives (e.g., resolved enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, salts and solvates thereof) or prodrugs thereof, have the following general formula: Each X, Y and Z are independently selected from a member of the group consisting of C(R3), N, N(R3) and S.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the fields of biology, genetics and medicine. In particular it concerns new methods for the detection, characterization and/or treatment (or management) of neuro degenerative diseases, particularly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Abstract: A method of inducing tolerance to an antigen in a patient, the method comprising administering to the patient a prostaglandin or agonist thereof and a type IV selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor.

Abstract: A xanthine phosphodiesterase V inhibitor having the formula (I), with the variables defined herein, which is especially useful for treating male (erectile) and female sexual dysfunction and other physiological disorders: 1

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having selective hydrolytic potential. The disclosed compounds are useful as compounds having selective stability and are capable of undergoing programmed hydrolysis in biologic systems.

Abstract: Novel heterocyclic compounds having a six membered ring structure fused to a five membered ring structure are found to be useful for the treatment and prevention of symptoms or manifestations associated with disorders affected by Interleukin-12 (“IL-12”) intracellular signaling, such as, for example, Th1 cell-mediated disorders. The therapeutic compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives (e.g., resolved enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, salts and solvates thereof) or prodrugs thereof, have the following general formula: Each X, Y and Z are independently selected from a member of the group consisting of C(R3), N, N(R3) and S.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of agonists of the adenosine receptor system, for inhibiting viral replication in cells. In particular, the invention provides a composition and method for inhibiting viral replication in cells, the method comprising presenting to the cells an effective amount of the active ingredient. According to one embodiment, the adenosine agonist is an A3 receptor agonist (A3RAg). The invention is particularly useful, for although not limited to, inhibiting the replication of HIV virus in human cells.