Abstract: The present invention discloses compositions having particles comprising, inorganic element; one or more active ingredient and optionally a release rate modulating agent, suitable for the delivery of active ingredients to human and animal tissues. The particles are nanoparticles or microparticles or mixtures thereof, made preferably by sol-gel method. The compositions are useful for application to the topical or mucosal surfaces preferably in the form of creams, gels, lotions, dry powders, spray, foam and other suitable forms.

Abstract: The method includes the steps of cleansing of the scalp sufficiently to remove material which would otherwise block antiviral medication from reaching hair follicles, heating the scalp to increase the absorption of the antiviral medication and applying the antiviral medication to the scalp in effective amount to suppress viral replication or viral activation present in the nerves leading to the scalp.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel purinyl derivatives and their use as potassium channel modulating agents. Moreover the invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions useful for the treatment or alleviation of diseases or disorders associated with the activity of potassium channels.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of treating subjects having conditions related to angiogenesis including administering an effective amount of a polymeric form of Nicotine, nicotinic acid analogs thereof, their combination with or without other pro-angiogenesis factors, vasodilator, or other therapeutic modalities to promote angiogenesis in the subject. This is composition and combination thereof is applicable to improving wound healing, erectile dysfunction, improving collateral or blood supply in patients with myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral artery diseases, and other vascular disorders as disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds having the following general formula (I): wherein X, R1, R2, R7 and Z are as described here.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multiparticulate modified release composition that, upon administration to a patient, delivers famciclovir in a bimodal, multimodal or continuous manner. The multiparticulate modified release composition comprises a first component and at least one subsequent component, the first component comprising a first population of active ingredient containing particles and the at least one subsequent component comprising a second population of active ingredient containing particles. The invention also relates to a solid oral dosage form containing such a multiparticulate modified release composition, and to a method for the treatment or suppression of viral infections.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for treating virus infections and/or diseases caused thereby comprising 4{4-[3-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-ureido]-3-fluorophenoxy}-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide optionally combined with at least one additional therapeutic agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds and compositions for inducing the expansion of pancreatic ?-cells. The invention further relates to a use of these expanded pancreatic ?-cells to reversibly expand pancreatic ?-cells and other quiescent cells to overcome deficits associated with degenerative and/or autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: Provided herein are Aminopurine Compounds having the following structure: wherein R1, R2 and and R3 are as defined herein, compositions comprising an effective amount of an Aminopurine Compound and methods for treating or preventing cancer, a cardiovascular disease, a renal disease, an autoimmune condition, an inflammatory condition, macular degeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, pain and related syndromes, disease-related wasting, an asbestos-related condition, pulmonary hypertension or a condition treatable or preventable by inhibition of the JNK pathway comprising administering an effective amount of an Aminopurine Compound to a patient in need thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds represented by a formula: Therapeutic methods, compositions, medicaments, and dosage forms related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: Inositol derivatives are described that are represented by the structural formula I wherein X is a radical of scyllo-inositol wherein one or more of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, aroyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, acyl, acyloxy, sulfoxide, sulfate, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfonate, sulfinyl, amino, imino, azido, thiol, thioalkyl, thioalkoxy, thioaryl, nitro, cyano, halo, seleno, silyl, silyloxy, silylthio, carboxyl, carbonyl, carbamoyl, or carboxamide and the other of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, or R6 are hydroxyl, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds, compositions comprising same and methods using same are described for use in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases characterized by abnormal protein folding or aggregation or amyloid formation, desposition, accumulation or persistence.

Abstract: Substituted heteroaryl nitrile salt of Formula I, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and use of the compounds as cysteine protease inhibitors are provided.

Abstract: The present invention is an antimicrobially-treated material which has a coloring preventing function and is in contact with water or moisture or contains water, comprising (A) a silver-based antimicrobial agent which dissociates silver ions in the water system and (B) a silver ion trapping agent for trapping silver ions comprising one or more kinds of compounds selected from the group consisting of purine bases, pyrimidine bases, thiabendazole, and potassium iodide, wherein a ratio of (A)/(B) is 1/1 to 100/1 by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein: R1 and R2 are each independently H, alkyl or haloalkyl; R3 and R4 are each independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl or aryl; R5 is alkyl or cycloalkyl or cycloalkyl-alkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more OH groups; R6 is selected from cyclopropylamino, cyclopropylmethylamino, cyclobutylamino, cyclobutylmethylamino and where one of X, Y and Z is N and the remainder are CR9; R7, R8 and each R9 are independently H, alkyl or haloalkyl, wherein at least one of R7, R8 and each R9 is other than H. A further aspect of the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of formula (I), and the use of said compounds in treating proliferative disorders, viral disorders, stroke, alopecia, CNS disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, or diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of inducing apoptosis in a tumour cell as well as modulating pluripotency and/or self-renewing characteristics of a stem/progenitor cell. The method comprises administering to the respective cell a compound of general formula (I). In general formula A is C or N. R1, R4 and R5 are, independently selected, H or aliphatic, cycloaliphatic aromatic, arylaliphatic, or arylcycloaliphatic hydrocarbyl groups, that comprise 0-3 heteroatoms being N, O, S, or Si. R4 and R5 may optionally be linked so as to define an aliphatic hydrocarbyl bridge. R2 is H or a halogen, such as F or Cl. R3 is H, or an aliphatic or arylaliphatic hydrocarbyl group comprising 1-8 main chain carbon atoms and 0-3 heteroatoms being N, O, S, Si, or a halogen such as Cl or F. Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition for inducing apoptosis in a tumour cell and/or modulating pluripotency and/or self-renewing characteristics of a stem/progenitor cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for treating, killing, and/or inhibiting the growth of Herpes viruses in human subjects comprising topically administering to a human subject in need thereof a nanoemulsion composition having antiviral properties.

Abstract: Disclosed are 4-arylamino-quinazolines and analogs thereof that are effective as activators of caspases and inducers of apoptosis. The compounds of this invention are useful in the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions in which uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells occurs.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compounds that inhibit protein kinases, such as JAK, Axl, or Syk kinases, compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the compounds to inhibit protein kinase and treat and/or prevent diseases associated with inappropriate kinase activity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel topical pharmaceutical composition. In particular, this invention is an overnight topical composition for treating cold sores.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel types of peptide nucleic acids (PNAS) with improved properties. In particular, it relates to positively charged PNA units having an ethylene linker between the backbone and the nucleobase, to oligonucleotide analogs comprising these units, to oligomers comprising these units, and to the use of positively charged PNAs as novel delivery agents with therapeutic and diagnostic applications including for antisense therapy.

Abstract: The present invention describes methods for maintaining ABA-induced drought tolerance while reducing ABA-induced leaf yellowing through the combination of ABA with selected plant growth regulators. The present invention also describes a method of using selected ABA analogs to reduce water use with minimal leaf yellowing.

Abstract: PDE4 inhibition is achieved by novel compounds of the Formula I: wherein R1 and R2 are as defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of 6-(benzyl-amino)-2(S)-[[1-(hydroxymethyl) propyl]amino]-9-isopropylpurine) or at least one of its pharmaceutical acceptable salts for manufacturing a medication intended for the prevention and/or treatment of neurological diseases, in particular associated with neurological lesions.

Abstract: PDE4 inhibition is achieved by novel compounds of the Formula I: wherein R1 and R2 are as defined herein.

Abstract: Described herein is the use of CDK inhibitors such as roscovitine for inducing apoptosis of granulocytes, for example neutrophils. Their use for treating inflammatory diseases is also provided.

Abstract: Provided herein are Aminopurine Compounds having the following structure: wherein R1, R2 and and R3 are as defined herein, compositions comprising an effective amount of an Aminopurine Compound and methods for treating or preventing cancer, a cardiovascular disease, a renal disease, an autoimmune condition, an inflammatory condition, macular degeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, pain and related syndromes, disease-related wasting, an asbestos-related condition, pulmonary hypertension or a condition treatable or preventable by inhibition of the JNK pathway comprising administering an effective amount of an Aminopurine Compound to a patient in need thereof.

Abstract: A first aspect of the invention relates to a combination comprising roscovitine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a HDAC inhibitor selected from sodium butyrate, or a prodrug thereof, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), sodium valproate and trichostatin A (TSA). A second aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical product comprising roscovitine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a HDAC inhibitor selected from sodium butyrate, or a prodrug thereof, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), sodium valproate and trichostatin A (TSA) as a combined preparation for simultaneous, sequential or separate use in therapy.

Abstract: Methods of assessing the risk of clinical signs of hypersensitivity reaction to nucleoside antiviral compounds, including abacavir, are described. The methods include genotyping subjects for polymorphisms in the TNF? gene, the class 1 HLA genes, or a combination of both the TNF? and HLA genes.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) and their preparation and use as pharmaceuticals wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) and their preparation and use as pharmaceuticals wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel class of sulfonamides which are aspartyl protease inhibitors. In one embodiment, this invention relates to a novel class of HIV aspartyl protease inhibitors characterized by specific structural and physicochemical features. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention are particularly well suited for inhibiting HIV-1 and HIV-2 protease activity and consequently, may be advantageously used as anti-viral agents against the HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses. This invention also relates to methods for inhibiting the activity of HIV aspartyl protease using the compounds of this invention and methods for screening compounds for anti-HIV activity.

Abstract: Provided herein are Aminopurine Compounds having the following structure: wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein, compositions comprising an effective amount of an Aminopurine Compound and methods for treating or preventing cancer, a cardiovascular disease, a renal disease, an autoimmune condition, an inflammatory condition, macular degeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, pain and related syndromes, disease-related wasting, an asbestos-related condition, pulmonary hypertension or a condition treatable or preventable by inhibition of the JNK pathway comprising administering an effective amount of an Aminopurine Compound to a patient in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R2 is 2-hydroxymethylpyrrolidin-1-yl, or NHCH(R4)CH(R3)OH, wherein R3 is hydrogen or methyl and R4 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl; R6 is 3-nitrophenylamino, 3,4-dimethoxybenzylamino, 3-iodobenzyl-amino, pyrid-2-yl-methylamino, pyrid-4-yl-methylamino or indan-5-amino; R9 is isopropyl or cyclopentanyl. In a further aspect, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds, and the use thereof in treating antiproliferative disorders and or viral disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of nucleoside derivatives of formula I wherein B signifies a 9-purinyl residue B1 of formula or a 1-pyrimidyl residue B2 of formula wherein the symbols are as defined in the specification, and of pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; for the treatment of diseases mediated by the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), for the preparation of a medicament for such treatment and to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compounds that inhibit protein kinases, such as JAK, Axl, or Syk kinases, compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the compounds to inhibit protein kinase and treat and/or prevent diseases associated with inappropriate kinase activity.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound having the formula (I): or salts, solvates, tautomers or N-oxides thereof, wherein T is N or CR5; J1-J2 is N?C(R6), (R7)C?N, (R8)N—C(O), (R8)2C—C(O), N?N or (R7)C?C(R6); A is an optionally substituted saturated C1-7 hydrocarbon linker group having a maximum chain length of 5 atoms extending between R1 and NR2R3 and a maximum chain length of 4 atoms extending between E and NR2R3, one of the carbon atoms in the linker group being optionally replaced by oxygen or nitrogen; E is a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic group or an acyclic group X-G wherein X is CH2, O, S or NH and G is a C1-4 alkylene chain wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by O, S or NH; R1 is hydrogen or an aryl or heteroaryl group; R2 and R3 are each hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-4 hydrocarbyl or optionally substituted C1-4 acyl; or NR2R3 forms an imidazole group or a saturated monocyclic heterocyclic group having 4-7 ring members; or NR2R3 and A together form a satur

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for treating hepatitis B virus infection in humans comprising administering a synergistically effective amount of agents having known anti-hepatitis B virus activity in combination or alternation. Specifically, the invention is directed to a method for treating hepatitis B virus infection comprising administering FTC in combination or alternation with penciclovir, famciclovir or Bis-POM-PMEA. Additionally, the invention is directed to a method for treating hepatitis B virus infection comprising administering L-FMAU in combination or alternation with DAPD, penciclovir or Bis-POM-PMEA. The invention is further directed to a method for treating hepatitis B virus infection comprising administering DAPD in combination or alternation with Bis-POM-PMEA.

Abstract: A method for the combined treatment of neuronal and non-neuronal pain in mammals is provided comprising administration of adenylyl cyclase 1 inhibitors having the following general formula (1): (1) wherein: G, H, J and M are each N, or H and J are each C, and G and M are each N, S or O, or H, J and M are each C and G is N, S or O.

Abstract: [Problems] To provide a neuronal cell death inhibitor and a therapeutic agent for a neurodegenerative disease, particularly Parkinson's disease. [Means for Solving Problems] It is known that DJ-1 protein is involved in Parkinson's disease and is capable of inhibiting neuronal cell death caused by oxidative stress. Based on this knowledge, screening is made for a low molecular weight molecule capable of binding to an active site of DJ-1 protein (i.e., a region around a cysteine residue at position-106) using an analysis softwear FastDock (Fujitsu Ltd.). When various tests are made using candidate low molecular weight compounds each having a binding energy of ?60 kcal/mol or lower, these compounds show a therapeutic effect on a neurodegenerative disease.

Abstract: Compounds according to Formula I, Formula II, Formula III, Formula V, Formula VI, or to Formula VII, and pharmaceutical compositions of compounds that conform to Formula IV or Formula VIII: where R1 through R33 are prescribed, selectively inhibit P. falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Accordingly, a method for preventing and treating malaria attaches to such compounds, as well as to pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, stereoisomers, tautomers, and prodrugs thereof.

Abstract: Nucleoside chemical compounds, which interact with specific structures of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) are disclosed. The compounds interfere with the activities of telomerase and reverse transcriptase, and are useful as antivirals, antibacterials and anticancer agents. Methods of treating or preventing cancers in patients involving administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a composition having an inhibitor or antagonist of the reverse transcriptases (RTs) expressed in cells of the patients are also disclosed. Method of using nucleoside analogs and other inhibitors of RTs in conjunction with DNA damaging agents such as genotoxic agents or radiation or photodynamic therapy or combinations these for the treatment of various cancers are also disclosed.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions include compounds with cytokinin activity to modulate glucose and/or lipid metabolism in a mammal. Especially preferred compounds include those comprising a purine scaffold, and it is further preferred that contemplated compositions are employed to prevent and/or treat various diseases, including pre-diabetes, insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, Syndrome X, and dyslipidemia. In still further preferred aspects, compounds with cytokinin activity are used to activate AMPK and/or Akt. Consequently, various diseases associated with dysregulation of AMPK and/or Akt may be treated using the compounds of the present inventive subject matter.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for treating hepatitis B virus infection in humans comprising administering a synergistically effective amount of agents having known anti-hepatitis B virus activity in combination or alternation. Specifically, the invention is directed to a method for treating hepatitis B virus infection comprising administering FTC in combination or alternation with penciclovir, famciclovir or Bis-POM-PMEA. Additionally, the invention is directed to a method for treating hepatitis B virus infection comprising administering L-FMAU in combination or alternation with DAPD, penciclovir or Bis-POM-PMEA. The invention is further directed to a method for treating hepatitis B virus infection comprising administering DAPD in combination or alternation with Bis-POM-PMEA.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives useful as, inter alia, inhibitors of short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family of NAD(P)(H) dependent oxido-reductases. More specifically, the invention relates to pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives, including derivatives and analogs of SDR inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions containing derivatives and analogs of SDR inhibitors, methods of making derivatives and analogs of SDR inhibitors and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for synthesizing 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl derivatives from 1-acyl-alkyl derivatives, which typically proceeds stereospecifically, in high yield, does not require the use of activated intermediates and/or toxic compounds and is readily amendable to scale-up. The current invention also provides 1-acyl-alkyl derivatives of known drug components and methods for synthesizing these 1-acyl-alkyl derivatives.

Abstract: Certain 6,9-disubstituted purine derivatives and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are provided. These 6,9-disubstituted purine derivatives and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are useful in compositions for treating mammalian cells, and especially human skin cells, in order to ameliorate the adverse effects of aging, treat skin disease states, treat immunological responses resulting from or associated with inflammation, and the like.

Abstract: Described herein are novel enzyme inhibitors. In some embodiments, the enzyme inhibitors are reverse transcriptase inhibitors, particularly HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Also described herein are compositions containing them and methods of using them. Thus, the compounds and compositions described herein are useful for the in vitro and in vivo inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase as a method of treating or preventing HIV, AIDS or related disorders.

Abstract: Certain TRPV1-modulating imidazolopyrimidine compounds are described. The compounds may be used in pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating disease states, disorders, and conditions mediated by TRPV1 activity, such as pain, arthritis, itch, cough, asthma, or inflammatory bowel disease.

Abstract: Methods and kits are provided enabling a twice daily dosing regimen that achieves daily patient blood levels of active pharmaceutical ingredient comparable to a dosing regimen requiring the same active ingredient to be administered three times a day.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formulae Ia and Ib: wherein R1-5, Q, X, Y, Z, p, q, and r are as defined herein. The compounds are potent and selective antagonists of A2A adenosine receptors (ARs). The invention further includes pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods of using the same.