Abstract: Compounds are disclosed for the treatment, management and prevention of diseases and disorders affecting the bone. Particular compounds are potent inhibitors of Notum Pectinacetylesterase, and are of the formula: wherein E, G, Y, Z, R1, R2, and R3 are defined herein.

Abstract: Phycotoxins are purified from a mixture of phycotoxins produced in a continuous process. Cyanobacteria are produced in a continuous culture, then lyzed, the cells pelleted and extracted, and the extract purified using an organic solvent-aqueous mixture and repeated passage through a diatomaceous earth column. The column is washed with acetic acid, then the neosaxitoxin extracted with an alcohol-water mixture. The eluate is passed through activated charcoal columns, which are washed with distilled water to remove the retained pigments and impurities, the further purified by HPLC. In one embodiment, the process produces only neosaxitoxin and saxitoxin. In another embodiment, the process produces only GTX2/3.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to the novel compounds of formula I, including their salts, which inhibit HIV integrase and prevent viral integration into human DNA. This action makes the compounds useful for treating HIV infection and AIDS. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating those infected with HIV.

Abstract: The present invention provides Wall Teichoic Acid biosynthesis inhibitors such as compound 1835F03 (targocil) and related synthetic analogs. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods for treating bacterial infection and the suppression of growth of bacterial cells by administering a Wall Teichoic Acid biosynthesis inhibitor. The invention is particularly useful for the treatment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The invention further provides procedures for the syntheses of Wall Teichoic Acid biosynthesis inhibitors. The invention also provides methods for the identification of antibacterial therapeutic agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) modulators. In particular, compounds described herein are useful for treating or preventing diseases, conditions and/or disorders modulated by TRPV3. Also provided herein are processes for preparing compounds described herein, intermediates used in their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods for treating or preventing diseases, conditions and/or disorders modulated by TRPV3.

Abstract: The compounds provided herein are suitable for inhibiting a virus in a patient and for treating a patient suffering from a viral infection such as an influenza virus. Also provided is a method for screening of compounds for use in treating and preventing viral infections. The assay screens compounds for activity against an influenza virus by measuring the cytopathogenic effect (CPE) of the compound on influenza infected-cells using percent cell viability as the end point.

Abstract: The invention relates to Histamine H4 receptor antagonists or inhibitors of Histamine H4 receptor gene expression for the treatment and/or the prevention of vestibular disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel crystalline form(s) of water-soluble salts and of free base of a cdk inhibitor. Such crystal salts are for example fumarate, L-malate, maleate, succinate, adipate, malonate, glycolate, phosphate, mesylate, L-lactate, hydrochloride, di-hydrochloride, tri-hydrochloride. Hydrates and polymorphs of such new salt forms, a process for their preparation, their utility in therapy and to the pharmaceutical compositions containing them are also claimed and described in the present application.

Abstract: Compositions containing site 1 sodium channel blockers for use as local anesthetics with rapid nerve block, improved potency and efficacy, and no local toxicity have been developed. Liposomes were employed for increased loading of the site 1 sodium channel blocker, producing prolonged duration of block without systemic toxicity. In one embodiment, the compositions contain a site 1 sodium channel blocker alone. In another embodiment, the compositions contain a site 1 sodium channel blocker in combination with a corticosteroid. As demonstrated by the examples, encapsulating site 1 sodium channel blockers in liposomes results in rapid and prolonged nerve block without systemic toxicity, which is enhanced by the addition of a corticosteroid. Fluid liposomes showed more rapid release of STX than did solid ones, and dexamethasone accelerated STX release.

Abstract: The present invention relates to purinone derivatives which are agonists of the HM74a receptor. Further provided are compositions and methods of using the compounds herein, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts for the treatment of disease.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I are inhibitors of HIV integrase and inhibitors of HIV replication: the asterisk * in Q denotes the point of attachment to the rest of the compound; and n, L1, L2, X1, X2, ?3, Y, Z, R1, R2 and R3 are defined herein. The N compounds are useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of infection by HIV and the prophylaxis, treatment, or delay in the onset or progression of AIDS. The compounds are employed against HIV infection and AIDS as compounds per se (or as hydrates or solvates thereof) or in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The compounds and their salts can be employed as ingredients in pharmaceutical compositions, optionally in combination with other antivirals, immunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of formula I (Chemical formula should be inserted here as it appears on abstract in paper form) Formula I or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R14, V, W, X, Y, Z, p, and ring A are as described in the specification. Also disclosed is the method of inhibiting aspartyl protease, and in particular, the methods of treating cardiovascular diseases, cognitive and neurodegenerative diseases. Also disclosed are methods of treating cognitive or neurodegenerative diseases using the compounds of formula I in combination with a cholinesterase inhibitor or a muscarinic m1 agonist or m2 antagonist.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formula I: wherein R1, R2, V, W, X, Y and Z are as defined herein. The compounds can be used in the treatment of disorders mediated by the cannabinoid receptors, such as, for example, inflammation.

Abstract: The instant invention provides for substituted fused naphthyridine derivatives that inhibit Akt activity. In particular, the compounds disclosed selectively inhibit one or two of the Akt isoforms. The invention also provides for compositions comprising such inhibitory compounds and methods of inhibiting Akt activity by administering the compound to a patient in need of treatment of cancer.

Abstract: Described herein are antagonists of PGD2 receptors. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments that include the compounds described herein, as well as methods of using such antagonists of PGD2 receptors, alone and in combination with other compounds, for treating respiratory, cardiovascular, and other PGD2-dependent or PGD2-mediated conditions or diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel heterocyclically fused diaryldihydropyrimidine derivatives, to processes for their preparation, to their use alone or in combination for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases and also to their use for preparing medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular for the treatment and/or prevention of disorders of the lung and the cardiovascular system.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses compounds of general formula (1) wherein R1 to R4, A, X, m and k are defined as in claim 1, which are suitable for the treatment of diseases characterised by excessive or abnormal cell proliferation, and the use thereof for preparing a medicament having the above-mentioned properties.

Abstract: This invention provides novel arylindenopyrimidines of the Formula (I), and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same, useful for treating disorders ameliorated by antagonizing adenosine A1 and/or A2a receptors. This invention also provides therapeutic and prophylactic methods using the instant pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: Compounds that inhibit phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) are useful to treat glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure. The PDE1 inhibitors may be administered as monotherapy or in combination with additional intraocular-pressure lowering agents. In addition, the invention provides ophthalmic compositions comprising PDE 1 inhibitors and optionally one or more additional intraocular pressure-lowering agents. Topical and systemic therapy may be used.

Abstract: Described herein are antagonists of PGD2 receptors. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments that include the compounds described herein, as well as methods of using such antagonists of PGD2 receptors, alone and in combination with other compounds, for treating respiratory, cardiovascular, and other PGD2-dependent or PGD2-mediated conditions or diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of new and known dithiine derivatives for controlling unwanted microorganisms, more particularly phytopathogenic fungi, in crop protection, in the household and hygiene sector and in the protection of materials, and also to new dithiine derivatives, to processes for preparing them, to their use, and to crop protection compositions comprising these new dithiine derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention provides tricyclic compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, solvates, or hydrates thereof, having antimitotic activity, anti-multidrug resistance activity, for example P-glycoprotein inhibition, and antitumor activity, and which inhibit paclitaxel sensitive and resistant tumor cells. Also provided are methods of utilizing these compounds for treating tumor cells and inhibiting mitosis of cancerous cells.

Abstract: Cyclopenta[g]quinazolines of the formula (I):— wherein: A is a group OR or NR0R1 wherein R0 and R1 are each independently hydrogen C1-4 alkyl, C3-4 alkenyl, C3-4 alkynyl, C2-4 hydroxyalkyl, C2-4 halogenoalkyl or C1-4 cyanoalkyl, or R0 and R1 together with the intermediate N form a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring; p is an integer in the range 1 to 4; R2 is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, C3-4 alkenyl, C3-4 alkynyl, C2-4 hydroxyalkyl, C2-4 halogenoalkyl or C1-4 cyanoalkyl; Ar1 is phenylene, thiophenediyl, thiazolediyl, pyridinediyl or pyrimidinediyl which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, hydroxy, amino, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, C1-4 alkyl and C1-4 alkoxy; and R3 is a group of one of the following formulae: -A1-Ar2-A2-Y1-A5-CON(R)CH(Y4)Y5-A8-X—Ar4 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof are of therapeutic value particularly in the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of general formula (I); 1a, 1 b, 1 c and 1 d. The invention also relates to a method for the production thereof, pharmaceutical preparations containing said compounds and/or physiologically compatible salts thereof which can be produced therefrom and/or solvates thereof, and to the pharmaceutical use of said compounds, salts or solvates thereof as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4. The compounds comprise active ingredients for the treatment of diseases which can have a positive influence by inhibiting the activity of phosphodiesterase 4 and/or TNF?-release, for example, in lymphocytes, eosinophile and basophile granulocytes, macrophages and mastocytes.

Abstract: A method of treating cancer in a subject comprising the step of administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a combination of a compound that binds a nuclear export signal (NES inhibitor) on topoisomerase II? and a topoisomerase inhibitor. Twenty small molecule inhibitors (SMI) that bind to the two nuclear export sequences (NES) topo II? have been identified from the NCI database using computer-generated molecular modeling. These SMI will improve the effectiveness of topo II directed therapeutics, particularly in the treatment of diseases such as multiple myeloma (MM). In vitro apoptosis assays indicate that these drugs may be effective as single agents or in combination with currently used cancer drugs that target topo II.

Abstract: The invention relates in part to molecules having certain biological activities that include, but are not limited to, inhibiting cell proliferation, modulating protein kinase activity and modulating polymerase activity. Molecules of the invention can modulate casein kinase (CK) activity and/or poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) activity. The invention also relates in part to methods for using such molecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides combination therapies for treating a disease, disorder, or condition, and methods thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds and methods which may be useful as inhibitors of H1R and/or H4R for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory, autoimmune, allergic, and ocular diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to purinone derivatives which are agonists of the HM74a receptor. Further provided are compositions and methods of using the compounds herein, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts for the treatment of disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and use thereof as corticotropin releasing factor 1 (CRF1) receptor antagonists in the treatment of psychiatric and neuroendocrine disorders, neurological diseases, and metabolic syndrome.

Abstract: Benzofuro- and benzothienopyrimidine compounds are described, which are useful as H4 receptor modulators. Such compounds may be used in pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the treatment of disease states, disorders, and conditions mediated by H4 receptor activity, such as allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and pruritis.

Abstract: Optionally substituted 4,5,7,8-tetrahydro-(optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-2H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[3,4-e]pyrimidine or 4,5,7,8,9-pentahydro-(optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrrolo[3,4-e]pyrimidine compounds or Compounds of Formula (I), processes for their production, their use as pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same.

Abstract: Chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) improve access of local anesthetics to the nerve, thereby improving their performance. Surfactants, representing three CPE sub-groups: anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants, were co-injected with tetrodotoxin (TTX) or bupivacaine at the sciatic nerve of Sprague-Dawley rats. All enhancers produced marked concentration-dependent improvements in the frequency and duration of block with TTX but not bupivacaine. An in vitro toxicity assay showed a wide range of CPE myotoxicity, but in vivo histological assessment showed no signs of muscle or nerve damage at concentrations of CPEs that produced a half-maximal increase in the duration of block of TTX. There was no systematic relationship between the enhancers' charge or hydrophobicity and their enhancement of block duration or potency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds and methods for the treatment of cancer. In particular, the invention provides potent inhibitors of Aurora A kinase, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds for the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The present invention provides screening methods for identifying modifiers of chemosensory receptors and their ligands, e.g., by determining whether a test entity is suitable to interact with one or more interacting sites within the Venus flytrap domains of the chemosensory receptors as well as modifiers capable of modulating chemosensory receptors and their ligands.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formula I: wherein R1, R2, V, W, X, Y and Z can be as defined herein. The compounds can be used in the treatment of disorders mediated by the cannabinoid receptors.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods for identifying modifiers of chemosensory receptors and their ligands, e.g., by determining whether a test entity is suitable to interact with one or more interacting sites within the Venus flytrap domains of the chemosensory receptors, and modifiers capable of modulating chemosensory receptors and their ligands. The present invention also includes modifiers of chemosensory receptors and their ligands having Formula (I), its subgenus, and specific compounds. Furthermore, the present invention includes ingestible compositions comprising the modifiers of chemosensory receptors and their ligands and methods of using the modifiers of chemosensory receptors and their ligands to enhance the sweet taste of an ingestible composition or treat a condition associated with a chemosensory receptor. In addition, the present invention include processes for preparing the modifiers of chemosensory receptors and their ligands.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): wherein: Z, R1, R2, R3, n, and m are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are methods of preparing the compounds of formula (I) and their use in therapeutics.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to benzoquinazilinone compounds of formula (I) which are M1 receptor positive allosteric modulators and that are useful in the treatment of diseases in which the M1 receptor is involved, such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, pain or sleep disorders. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and to the use of the compounds and compositions in the treatment of diseases mediated by the M1 receptor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to substituted six-membered heterocyclic compounds of structural formula (I) which are inhibitors of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme and which are useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases in which the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme is involved, such as obesity and diabetes, particularly Type 2 diabetes. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme is involved.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel arylindenopyrimidine, A, and its therapeutic and prophylactic uses. Disorders treated and/or prevented include Parkinson's Disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds useful as inhibitors of protein kinases. The invention also provides processes for preparing the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions in the treatment of various disease, conditions, or disorders.

Abstract: Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists are useful for the preparation of medicaments against atrial fibrillation in mammals, including humans. It has been found that the adenosine A2A receptor is present in human atrial cardiomyocytes and participates in the pathological mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation. An advantage of using A2A antagonists over other agents known in the art is that the A2A antagonists specifically target patients with atrial fibrillation.

Abstract: Bridged bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl substituted triazoles and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds are disclosed as being useful in inhibiting the activity of the receptor protein tyrosine kinase Axl. Methods of using the compounds in treating diseases or conditions associated with Axl activity are also disclosed.

Abstract: Protein kinase inhibitors are disclosed having utility in the treatment of protein kinase-mediated diseases and conditions, such as cancer. The compounds of this invention have the following structure: including steroisomers, prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein A is a ring moiety selected from: and wherein R1, R2, R3, X, Z, L1, Cycl1, L2 and Cycl2 are as defined herein. Also disclosed are compositions containing a compound of this invention, as well as methods relating to the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides tricyclic compounds having cytostatic and cytotoxic activity in a single molecule having receptor tyrosine kinase(s), dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthase and/or dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitory activity, which are useful as anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor agents. Also provided are methods of utilizing these inhibitors to treat tumor cells and other proliferative diseases and disorders.

Abstract: Methods are provided for using methotrexate (MTX) in which reduced host toxicity is observed. Aspects of the methods include administering to a subject an effective amount of MTX in conjunction with a MTX toxicity-reducing adjuvant, such as a 2,2?-anhydropyrimidine, a derivative thereof or a uridine phosphorylase inhibitor. Also provided are compositions that find use in practicing embodiments of the invention. The methods and compositions find use in a variety of applications, including the treatment of a variety of different disease conditions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide compounds (such as Formula (I) compounds, Formula (II) compounds, and various embodiments thereof). Compositions comprising those compounds are also provided. Methods for their preparation are included. Also, uses of the compounds are included, such as administering and treating diseases (e.g., cancer and infections).

Abstract: The present invention relates to adenosine A3 receptor antagonists and their use for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis by administering to a mammal, in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of an adenosine A3 receptor antagonist, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, alone or in combination with other anti-atherosclerotic agents.

Abstract: Drug eluting stents (DES) useful for the treatment of restenosis are described. The stents comprise biocompatible polymers and adenosine receptor modulators.