Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to pyrido[4,3-b]indole and pyrido[3,4-b]indole derivatives. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds are also provided, as are methods of using the compounds in a variety of therapeutic applications, including the treatment of a cognitive disorder, psychotic disorder, neurotransmitter-mediated disorder and/or a neuronal disorder.

Abstract: Hydrogenated pyrido[4,3-b]indoles, pyrido[3,4-b]indoles and azepino[4,5-b]indoles are described. The compounds may bind to and are antagonists of the adrenergic receptor ?2A. The compounds may also bind to and are an antagonist of the adrenergic receptor ?2B; or the compounds are not antagonists of the adrenergic receptor ?2B and the compounds are administered in conjunction with a second agent that reduces, or is expected to reduce, blood pressure in an individual. The compounds may find use in therapy, e.g., to regulate blood glucose level, increase insulin secretion and treat diseases or conditions that are, or are expected to be, responsive to an increase in insulin production. Use of the compounds to treat type 2 diabetes is particularly described.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to tetracyclic pyrido[4,3-b]indole and pyrido[3,4-b]indoles. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds are also provided, as are methods of using the compounds in a variety of therapeutic applications, including the treatment of a cognitive disorder, psychotic disorder, neurotransmitter-mediated disorder and/or a neuronal disorder.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to new heterocyclic compounds that may be used to modulate a histamine receptor in an individual. Pyrido[3,4-b]indoles are described, as are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the compounds in a variety of therapeutic applications, including the treatment of a cognitive disorder, psychotic disorder, neurotransmitter-mediated disorder and/or a neuronal disorder.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to new heterocyclic compounds that may be used to modulate a histamine receptor in an individual. Pyrido[4,3-b]indoles are described, as are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the compounds in a variety of therapeutic applications, including the treatment of a cognitive disorder, psychotic disorder, neurotransmitter-mediated disorder and/or a neuronal disorder.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to new heterocyclic compounds that may be used to modulate a histamine receptor in an individual. Pyrido[4,3-b]indoles are described, as are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the compounds in a variety of therapeutic applications, including the treatment of a cognitive disorder, psychotic disorder, neurotransmitter-mediated disorder and/or a neuronal disorder.

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical composition including as an active component a compound of formula (I): wherein X and (R1)n are as defined, and a physiological acceptable carrier. Also provided is a method for treating cancer including administering to an individual in need of such treatment an effective amount of the presently described pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to pyrido[4,3-b]indole and pyrido[3,4-b]indole derivatives. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds are also provided, as are methods of using the compounds in a variety of therapeutic applications, including the treatment of a cognitive disorder, psychotic disorder, neurotransmitter-mediated disorder and/or a neuronal disorder.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds, compositions and methods related PPAR antagonists. Certain compounds are effective at inhibiting PPARs. The compositions can be used to inhibit PPARs, treat cancer and treat metabolic disorders.

Abstract: The invention described herein pertains to substituted dibenzonaphthyridine compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and formulations comprising the dibenzonaphthyridine compounds, their synthesis, and methods for their use in the treatment and/or prevention of cancer.

Abstract: This invention relates to tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors, compositions comprising them, and methods of their use for the treatment, management and/or prevention of metastatic bone disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for use as a harmful organism control agent comprising as an active ingredient one or more of compounds represented by formula (I) or salts thereof and an agriculturally or zootechnically acceptable carrier. wherein Het represents pyridyl; X represents an oxygen atom; R1, R2, R3, R7, R10a, R10b, R11, and R12 represent a hydrogen atom; R4, R5, and R6 represent a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl, optionally substituted C1-18 alkylcarbonyloxy, optionally substituted C1-18 alkylsulfonyloxy, optionally substituted arylcarbonyloxy, C1-6 alkyloxy-C1-6 alkyloxy, C1-6 alkyloxy-C1-6 alkyloxy-C1-6 alkyloxy; R8 represents a hydrogen atom; and R13a, R13b, and R13c represent methyl.

Abstract: The present invention provides liposome compositions containing substituted ammonium and/or polyanion, and optionally with a desired therapeutic or imaging entity. The present invention also provides methods of making the liposome compositions provided by the present invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to ring-annulated dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline compounds according to general Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compounds can be used for the treatment of infertility.

Abstract: Inhibitors of retroviral propagation, methods of treatment and prevention of retroviral infections using the inhibitors, and pharmaceutical compositions including the inhibitors, are disclosed.

Abstract: Hydrogenated pyrido[4,3-b]indoles, pyrido[3,4-b]indoles and azepino[4,5-b]indoles are described. The compounds may bind to and are antagonists of the adrenergic receptor ?2A. The compounds may also bind to and are an antagonist of the adrenergic receptor ?2B; or the compounds are not antagonists of the adrenergic receptor ?2B and the compounds are administered in conjunction with a second agent that reduces, or is expected to reduce, blood pressure in an individual. The compounds may find use in therapy, e.g., to regulate blood glucose level, increase insulin secretion and treat diseases or conditions that are, or are expected to be, responsive to an increase in insulin production. Use of the compounds to treat type 2 diabetes is particularly described.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a compound useful as medicine having PDE4B inhibitory activity, in particular, as an active ingredient of a composition for treating or preventing schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, depression and the like. [Measures for Solution] The present inventors examined compounds having PDE4B inhibitory activity and found that a tricyclic or tetracyclic imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivative or salts thereof had a superior PDE4B inhibitory activity, thereby completing the present invention. The imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivative can be used as an agent for treating or preventing schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, depression and the like.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a gamboge acid cyclization analogs, their preparation methods and applications by semi-synthesis with the following structural formula I-III: Where ring A, ring B or/and ring C is 4-10 membered saturated or/and unsaturated aliphatic ring aliphatic heterocycle or aryl heterocycle. R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11 or/and R12 is, independently at each occurrence, optionally substituted substituent of glycosyl, multi-hydroxyl, amino acid, acyloxy, phosphoric acid oxy, sulfonyloxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heterocyclic oxy, thiol, aliphatic or cyclic group containing oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or phosphorus, one of the substituents or combinations thereof. The present invention has antitumor activity management, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activity management, as anti-tumor, anti-viral, immune, antibacterial and antifungal agents, with other known anti-tumor, anti-viral, immune, together with the application of antibacterial and antifungal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel substituted indolo[2,3-a]quinolizines and stereoisomeric forms thereof and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one of these substituted indolo[2,3-a]quinolizines together with pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient and/or diluents. Said novel substituted indolo[2,3-a]quinolizines have been identified as useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of cancer by the induction of strong mitotic delays, chromosomal misalignments and mitotic tri- and multipolarization leading to cell cycle stop and apoptosis. Furthermore a synthesis for preparation of the substituted indolo[2,3-a]quinolizines is disclosed in the present invention.

Abstract: Provided herein are Compounds that induce interferon production and methods for identifying such Compounds. Also provided herein are compositions comprising such Compounds and methods of using such Compounds to treat interferon-sensitive diseases such as viral infections, cancer, and multiple sclerosis.

Abstract: The invention includes processes mainly for the treatment of a inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, atherosclerosis, asthma, allergy, inflammatory kidney disease, circulatory shock, multiple sclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, skin inflammation, periodontal disease, psoriasis and T cell-mediated diseases of immunity, including allergic encephalomyelitis, allergic neuritis, transplant allograft rejection, graft versus host disease, myocarditis, thyroiditis, nephritis, systemic lupus erthematosus, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The processes involve treating a patient with a pharmaceutical composition containing an active ingredient that inhibits the activity of sphingosine kinase.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel tetracyclic heteroatom containing derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, their use in the treatment of disorders mediated by one or more sex steroid hormone receptors and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions that bind to a predicted FK506 Binding Protein 52 (FKBP52) interaction surface on the androgen receptor hormone binding domain, otherwise known as FKBP52 Targeting Agents (FTAs) are provided. These compositions of the present invention are found to specifically recognize the FKBP52 regulatory surface on the androgen receptor and inhibit FKBP52 from functionally interacting with the androgen receptor. Compositions comprising the pharmaceutical composition, as well as methods of use, treatment and screening are also provided.

Abstract: Heteroarylpyridinone derivatives represented by formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and X are as defined in the specification, compositions thereof, and methods of use thereof. Particularly, there are described isoquinolinoyrrolopyridinones, pharmaceutical compositions including them and their use as therapeutic agents in the treatment of cancer and cell proliferation disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to a TRPM8 modulator for achieving a cooling effect on the skin or a mucous membrane.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are indolo[3,2-c]quinoline compounds of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R and m are given the definitions as set forth in the Specification and Claims. These compounds can be used to inhibit both growth of cancer cells and activity of telomerase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reducing the production of glutamate from glutamine by glutaminase C in a cell or tissue. The method involves inhibiting glutaminase C activity in the cell or tissue under conditions effective to reduce production of glutamate from glutamine. Compounds for carrying out this method are also disclosed.

Abstract: Indole alkaloid derivatives having an opioid receptor agonistic effect, their synthesis, and therapeutic compositions containing these derivatives, and methods of treating conditions with these compounds and therapeutic compositions, are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of specific compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically-acceptable salts: (Formula 1) (I) as a new family of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors; the invention also relates to the use of compounds of formula (I) for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions for the prevention and/or treatment of disorders and/or diseases chosen Camongst cancers; autoimmune and inflammatory diseases; infectious diseases; diabetes angiogenesis related disorders; retinopathies and cardiac hypertrophy.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds that bind to androgen receptors and/or modulate activity of androgen receptors, and to methods for making and using such compounds. Also provided are compositions including such compounds and methods for making and using such compositions.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating chronic infectious diseases using substantially pure oxymatrine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof are disclosed. In one embodiment described herein, the chronic infectious disease is chronic fatigue syndrome. Further described are compositions having an anti-infective amount of substantially pure oxymatrine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof.

Abstract: A synthesis procedure for benzazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium chloride salts and the inclusion of chloro-substituent, amino-substituent, and nitro-substituent resulting in several compounds wherein said procedures provides an increment in the compounds biological activity. The compounds are further used for intra cellular binding, cytotoxicity on malignant cells through apoptosis activation mediated by mitochondrial damage, cellular organelles binding and damage, DNA fragmentation, marker of bacterial growth, antibacterial activity, cell cycle disruption, and a marker due to the auto-fluorescent properties.

Abstract: This present disclosure provides methods of treating pain with beloxepin and/or beloxepin analogs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are as defined in the present application.

Abstract: An indoloquinoline wherein the quarternary N-5 atom is a straight C(1-5) chain, a branched C(1-5) chain, a heteroatom chain, a straight chain substituted terminally by a cycloalkyl or aromatic ring, a branched chain substituted terminally by a cycloalkyl or aromatic ring, a heteroatom chain substituted terminally by a cycloalkyl or aromatic ring; the 10 position is N—R10, O, S, S?O, CH2, or C?O, where R10 is a branched C(1-5) chain, a heteroatom chain, a straight chain substituted terminally by a cycloalkyl or aromatic ring, a branched chain substituted terminally by a cycloalkyl or aromatic ring, a heteroatom chain substituted terminally by a cycloalkyl or aromatic ring. In one embodiment the quarternary N-5 atom is —CH3 and the 10 position is N—(CH2)5—Ph.

Abstract: A compound represented by the general Formula (I) below, or a salt or solvate thereof, which is useful as an ALK inhibitor, and is useful for prophylaxis or treatment of a disease accompanied by abnormality in ALK, for example, cancer, cancer metastasis, depression or cognitive function disorder: (meanings of the symbols that are included in the formula are as given in the specification).

Abstract: Novel MCH-1 receptor antagonists are disclosed. These compounds are used in the treatment of various disorders, including obesity, anxiety, depression, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and psychiatric disorders. Methods of making these compounds are also described in the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel catecholamine derivatives of Formula I, to processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their use in therapy.

Abstract: Pyridocarbazole-type compounds of formula (I): are provided as a medicament, and more particularly for application in anticancer chemotherapy. Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition with the compound and methods for preventing and/or treating neurodegenerative-type pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, parasitoses, such as malaria, or glaucomas.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds which exhibit antiviral activity against a plurality of viruses belonging to different families such as Bornaviridae, Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, and Poxviridae. Thus, methods of preventing, inhibiting, or reducing the viral activity of various viruses are provided as well as methods of treating viral infections.

Abstract: A process for preparing a crystalline rapamycin analog includes: combining the rapamycin analog with an organic medium to form a mixture; incubating the mixture until the rapamycin analog crystallizes; and recovering the crystalline rapamycin analog. The organic medium can be a solvent, and the process can include causing the rapamycin analog to dissolve into the solvent, and incubating the solvent until the rapamycin analog crystallizes. The following can also be performed: forming a slurry of crystalline rapamycin analog; stirring the rapamycin analog mixture until the rapamycin analog crystallizes; saturating the rapamycin analog solution; forming a supersaturated rapamycin analog solution; combining an antisolvent with the rapamycin analog and the solvent to form a biphasic mixture, and incubating the biphasic mixture to cause a liquid-liquid phase split.

Abstract: The invention provides nanostructures or products of manufacture for use as ex vivo or in vivo composition (e.g., a drug, or a therapeutic, diagnostic or imaging reagent) delivery vehicles. In one aspect, the invention provides nanoparticles comprising several compartments which in unison function as a composite nanostructure. In one embodiment, the nanoparticles of the invention comprise a combination of polymer core/lipid bilayer interface which incorporate covalently attached lipid-vascular targeting ligands. These composite nanoparticles can deliver highly effective and selective payloads for diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic applications.

Abstract: Fused [1,2]imidazo[4,5-c] ring compounds, e.g., fused [1,2]imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines and [1,2]imidazo[4,5-c]naphthyridines, with a substituent, e.g., a substituted alkoxy substituent, at the 6, 7, 8, or 9-position, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: 8-Substituted-2,6-methano-3-benzazocines of general structure are useful as analgesics, anti-diarrheal agents, anticonvulsants, antitussives and anti-addiction medications.

Abstract: Compounds from 14 Kenyan plants, including from the root of Dovyalis abyssinica and Clutia robusta have been characterized and isolated, and their uses are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for preparing a stable dispersion of a camptothecin, camptothecin prodrug, or analog thereof for administration to a patient in need thereof includes preparing a solution of the camptothecin, wherein the solution has a pH which places substantially an entirety of that camptothecin in a carboxylate form. The camptothecin may be a neutral camptothecin. The solution is next loaded into a liposome including at least one lipid, which may be a phospholipid. An intraliposomal pH is maintained which preserves substantially an entirety of the camptothecin in the carboxylate form. The liposomal dispersion is administered to an individual in need thereof, whereby the liposomes accumulate at and permeate into tumor tissue and an active, lactone form camptothecin is released in situ at the tumor site. Compositions formulated in accordance with the described method for treatment of a cancer in an animal in need thereof are provided also.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof methods for synthesizing thienopyridines and methods for inhibiting TNF-? activity for the treatment of cancer, asthma, arthritis, diabetes and inflammation. Provided are compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: The embodiments provide compounds of the general Formulae I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and X, as well as compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, comprising a subject compound. The embodiments further provide treatment methods, including methods of treating a hepatitis C virus infection and methods of treating liver fibrosis, the methods generally involving administering to an individual in need thereof an effective amount of a subject compound or composition.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to new heterocyclic compounds that may be used to modulate a histamine receptor in an individual. Pyrido[4,3-b]indoles are described, as are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the compounds in a variety of therapeutic applications, including the treatment of a cognitive disorder, psychotic disorder, neurotransmitter-mediated disorder and/or a neuronal disorder.