Abstract: Pharmaceutical formulations are described comprising at least one dopamine receptor agonist and one or more mucosal delivery-enhancing agents for enhanced mucosal delivery of the dopamine receptor agonist. In one aspect, the mucosal delivery formulations and methods provide enhanced delivery of the dopamine receptor agonist to the central nervous sytstem (CNS), for example by yielding dopamine receptor agonist concentrations in the cerebral spinal fluid of 5% or greater of the peak dopamine agonist concentrations in the blood plasma following administration to a mammalian subject. Exemplary formulations and methods within the invention utilize apomorphine as the dopamine receptor agonist. Other exemplary methods and formulations focus in intranasal administration of a dopamine receptor agonist.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new formulation containing crobenetine or one of the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for parenteral use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methano-3 -benzazocin-10-ols of general formula 1 wherein the groups R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 have the meanings as set forth herein, processes for preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and their use in treating or preventing a disease or disorder by blocking the voltage-dependent sodium channel.

Abstract: The invention relates to new drug combinations based on sodium channel blockers 1 and fibrinolytics 2, processes for the preparation thereof as well as the use thereof for preparing pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of ischaemic conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the treatment of neuromuscular disorders and, more specifically, to the use of apomorphine, bromocriptine, pergolide, ropinirole, octahydropyrazolo[3,4-g]quinolines, and trans-(±)-substituted-5,5a,6,7,8,9-,9a,10-octahydropyrimido[4,5g]quinolines, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts to treat, or to prepare a medicament for treating, symptoms of fibromyalgia syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel fluoroalkoxybenzylamino derivatives of nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds, and specifically, to compounds of the formula 1

Abstract: Many males and females experience sexual dysfunction either caused or made worse by medications, other substances, diseases, and other medical conditions. Currently, there is need for additional treatment alternatives for these patients' sexual dysfunction. The subject invention provides a novel treatment for these individuals with sexual dysfunction by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine (a compound that helps modulate normal sexual function) and elevates acetylcholine levels in the body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-10-ols of general formula 1 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel aminomethylene substituted non-aromatic heterocycles and, specifically, to compounds of formula (Ia) or (Ib) wherein W, R1, R2, R3, A, X′, Y′ and Z′ are as defined in the specification, and to intermediates used in the syntheses of such compounds. The novel compounds of formulae (Ia) and (Ib) are useful in the treatment of inflammatory and central nervous system disorders, as well as other disorders.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, wherein R1, R2, and R3 are as defined herein; intermediates for the synthesis of such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds; and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of neurological and psychological disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the delivery of drug esters through an inhalation route. Specifically, it relates to aerosols containing drug esters that are used in inhalation therapy. In a composition aspect of the present invention, the aerosol comprises particles comprising at least 5 percent by weight of drug ester. In a method aspect of the present invention, a drug ester is delivered to a mammal through an inhalation route. The method comprises: a) heating a composition, wherein the composition comprises at least 5 percent by weight of drug ester, to form a vapor; and, b) allowing the vapor to cool, thereby forming a condensation aerosol comprising particles, which is inhaled by the mammal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) 1

Abstract: Intranasal delivery methods and compositions for the delivery of dopamine receptor agonists are provided which are effective for the amelioration of erectile dysfunction in a mammal without causing substantial intolerable adverse side effects to the mammal. Nasally administered compositions for treating male erectile dysfunction in a mammal are also provided which include a therapeutically effective amount of a dopamine receptor agonist which has been dispersed in a system to improve its solubility and/or stability.

Abstract: The present invention related to safe botanical drug for treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, this invention proves a safe botanical drug, Huperzine (HUE) and Clausenamide (CLE) and their preparation. HUE has the following pharmaceutical functions: inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (CAT), increasing memory, decreasing Alzheimer amyloid protein, increasing RNA and protein synthesis of brain, increasing calcium in brain, decreasing superoxide anion. CLE has the following pharmaceutical functions: increasing memory, decreasing Alzheimer amyloid protein, increasing RNA and protein synthesis of brain, increasing calcium in brain, decreasing superoxide anion, increasing long-term potentiation and increasing dopanmine (DA). It is important that HUE combined with CLE have stronger function as mentioned above.

Abstract: A compound of formula I: 1

Abstract: Compounds of general formula I wherein X is a single bond, —O—, C-C4-alkylene, or an alkylene bridge having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may be branched or unbranched and optionally have one or two oxygen atom(s) anywhere in the bridge; R1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or phenyl; R2 is hydrogen or methyl; R3 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxy, methyl, or methoxy; R4 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R5 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R6 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R7 is tert-butyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl optionally substituted by R9 and R10, which may be identical or different, or; R8 is hydrogen or C1-C4-alkyl; Z is oxygen, NH, or sulfur; R9 is hydrogen, methyl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or methoxy; R10 is hydrogen, methyl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or methoxy; optionally in the form of the individual optical isomers, mixtures of the individual enantiomers or racemates as well as in the form of the free bases or the corresponding acid addition salts

Abstract: Compounds of the formula 1

Abstract: Novel methods and compositions comprising opioids and opioid antagonists. In preferred embodiments, the methods and compositions comprise opioids and peripheral mu opioid antagonist compounds. The methods and compositions are particularly suitable for treating and/or preventing side effects associated with opioids including, for example, constipation, vomiting and/or nausea.

Abstract: A method for treating sexual dysfunction in a patient taking anti-depressant medication in need of such treatment comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of apomorphine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to said patient is disclosed. The method may be utilized for patients taking anti-depressants such as tricyclic anti-depressants, monamine oxidase inhibitors or serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel pyridine derivatives of formula 1, to their preparation and to their use as medicaments, in particular for treating tumors.

Abstract: A method for treating sexual dysfunction in a patient taking anti-depressant medication in need of such treatment comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of apomorphine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to said patient is disclosed. The method may be utilized for patients taking anti-depressants such as tricyclic anti-depressants, monamine oxidase inhibitors or serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, wherein R1, R2, and R3 are defined as in the specification, intermediates in the synthesis of such compounds. pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and methods of using such compounds, in the treatment of neurological and psychological disorders.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula 1

Abstract: Compounds of the formula 1

Abstract: Treatment of psychoses with (R)-hydroxynefazodone is disclosed.

Abstract: Substituted 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methano-3-benzazocines of general formula 1: 1

Abstract: Substituted 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methano-3-benzazocines of general formula 1: wherein: R1 and R2, which are identical or different, are each hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1--C6-alkyloxy, OH, F, Cl, or Br; R3 is hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, OH, or methoxy; R4 and R5, which are identical or different, are each hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R6 is hydrogen; X is NH2, NH—(C1-C6-alkyl), N(C1-C6-alkyl)2, the two C1-C6-alkyl groups of which are identical or different, NH—COH, NH—CO(C1-C6-alkyl), or F; A is —(CH2)3—, —CH2—CH2—O—, —CH2—O—CH2—, —(CH2)4—, —CH(C1-C6-alkyl)-O—CH2—, —(CH2)2—O—CH2—, —(CH2)3—O—, —(CH2)5—, —CH2—O—(CH2)3—, —(CH2)2—O—(CH2)2—, —(CH2)3—O—CH2—, —(CH2)4—O—, —CH2—O—CH2—CH2—O—,

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating depression or anxiety in a mammal, including a human, by administering to the mammal a CNS-penetrant NK-1 receptor antagonist (e.g., a substance P receptor antagonist) in combination with a 5HT1D receptor antagonist. It also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a CNS-penetrant NK-1 receptor antagonist and a 5HT1D receptor antagonist.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for treating, preventing, or reversing neuronal dysfunction including cognitive decline, such as cognitive decline associated with aging and minimal cognitive impairment; severe neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease; and neuronal dysfunction associated with loss of motor skills, such as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The compositions and methods of the invention can also treat or prevent neuronal dysfunction resulting from CNS injury, such as stroke, spinal-cord injury, and peripheral-nerve injury. The compositions of the invention comprises a huperzine compound and a nicotinic compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for treating, preventing, or reversing neuronal dysfunction including cognitive decline, such as cognitive decline associated with aging and minimal cognitive impairment; severe neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease; and neuronal dysfunction associated with loss of motor skills, such as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The compositions and methods of the invention can also treat or prevent neuronal dysfunction resulting from CNS injury, such as stroke, spinal-cord injury, and peripheral-nerve injury. The compositions of the invention comprises a huperzine compound and a nicotinic compound.

Abstract: Substituted 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methano-3-benzazocines of general formula 1: wherein: R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, are each hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkyloxy, OH, F, Cl, or Br; R3 is hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, methyl, ethyl, OH, or methoxy; R4, R5, and R6, which may be identical or different, are each hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; X is NH2, NH-(C1-C6-alkyl), N(C1-C6-alkyl)2, the two C1-C6-alkyl groups of which may be identical or different, NH—COH, NH—CO(C1-C6-alkyl), or F; A is —(CH2)3—, —CH2—CH2—O—, —CH2—O—CH2—, —(CH2)4—, —CH(C1-C6-alkyl)-O—CH2—, —(CH2)2—O—CH213 , —(CH2)3—O—, —(CH2)5—, —CH2—O—(CH2)3—, —(CH2)2—O—(CH2)2—, —(CH2)3—O—CH2—, —(CH2)4—O—, —CH2—O—CH2—CH2—O—,  the

Abstract: Methods for administering apomorphine to a patient for the treatment of sexual dysfunctions while reducing undesirable side effects are disclosed. In the methods, the concentration of apomorphine is attained within the patients' plasma of up to 10 nanograms per milliliter. Advantageously, this concentration may be achieved with less than 15% of patients so treated experiencing emesis. Methods of administration are intranasally, by inhalation to the lungs or by oral ingestion.

Abstract: Novel methods and compositions comprising opioids and opioid antagonists. In preferred embodiments, the methods and compositions comprise opioids and peripheral mu opioid antagonist compounds. The methods and compositions are particularly suitable for treating and/or preventing side effects associated with opioids including, for example, constipation, vomiting and/or nausea.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula are useful for the treatment of disorder of the central nervous system including anxiety, depression, panic, alcohol and drug addiction, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof useful in the treatment of pain. The compounds of the present invention are azaadamantanes, azanoradamantanes and azahomoadamantanes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to N-(5-phenyl-tetrahydrofuranyl)methyl- and N-(6-phenyl-tetrahydropyranyl)methyl-substituted 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-10-ols of general formula 1, processes for preparing such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and methods for using such compounds for the treatment of various diseases caused by a functional disorder resulting from overstimulation.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I or salts thereof where for example Y is a group of the formula (i) and R1 is a group of formula (ii) are provided along with compositions containing them and processes for their preparation. The compounds are P2-purinoreceptor 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor antagonists, and are useful in the treatment of inflammatory conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of NK1 antagonists, in the treatment of depression. Also described are novel NK1 antagonists of formula (I), processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their medical use. The compounds of formula I are as follows: having a formula (I) wherein R represents the ring A or 2-pyridinyl or 2-pyridinyl-N-oxide; R1 is selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, and S(O)nC1-4alkyl groups; R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, each independently are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, trifluoromethyl and cyano groupss; n represents zero, 1 or 2; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.

Abstract: Therapies and compounds for the inhibition of memory loss. In one embodiment, a combination of Huperzine A and hypericin is employed.

Abstract: The present invention provides heterocyclic 2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane compounds which are useful for modulating a muscarinic ptor.

Abstract: Mammalian hair growth is reduced by applying to the skin an inhibitor of protein-tyrosine kinase.

Abstract: Polycyclic alkaloids of formula (I), wherein R.sub.1 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.6-12 aryl optionally substituted with polar groups; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently H, OH, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, --C(NH)--NH.sub.2, a positively charged group, or C.sub.7-13 aralkyl optionally substituted with NH.sub.2, OH, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or halogen; or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together form a 5 to 6 member ring optionally incorporating a heteroatom; R.sub.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, OR.sub.6, SR.sub.6, or N(R.sub.6).sub.2, wherein each R.sub.6 is independently H, C.sub.1-3 alkyl; X ix O, S, SO, SO.sub.2, or N--R.sub.5, wherein each R.sub.5 is independently H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.7-13 aralkyl optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatom; n is an integer from 0 to 2; and m is an integer from 0 to 3. These compounds act as antagonists at the ionotropic NMDA (N-methyl-(D)-aspartic acid) receptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel huperzine A derivatives of formula (II), wherein Y is ##STR1## or R" and Y together form .dbd.CH; R is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.5) alkyl, ##STR2## wherein n is 0 or 1, X is H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.5) alkyl; (C.sub.1 -C.sub.5) alkyloxy; nitro, halogen, carboxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxy, amino substituted by bis-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.5) alkyl; --(CH.sub.2).sub.m COOZ, wherein m=0-5, Z is H or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.5) alkyl; --CH.dbd.CH--G, wherein G is phenyl, furanyl, carboxy, alkyloxycarbonyl; and dihydro- or tetrahydro-pyridyl substituted by (C.sub.1 -C.sub.5) alkyl at the nitrogen atom; R' is H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.5) alkyl, pyridoyl, benzoyl substituted by (C.sub.1 -C.sub.5) alkyloxy; R" is H or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.5) alkyl; processes for their use as acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

Abstract: The invention provides novel ascomycins bearing one or more physiologically hydrolyzable and acceptable oxycarbonyl moieties or carboxy moieties, such compounds being found useful as pharmaceuticals, especially in the treatment of asthma an dermatitis. Methods of producing the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds are also provided.

Abstract: Quinuclidine derivatives of the formula ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein m, P, Z, Y, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined below. The compounds are substance P antagonists and, therefore, are useful in treating gastrointestinal disorders, central nervous system disorders, inflammatory diseases, pain and migraine.

Abstract: Novel benzomorphan derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 -R.sup.8 are as defined herein. The benzomorphan derivatives are useful for treating cerebral ischaemia of various origins, epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: A compound represented by general formula (1) or an innocuous salt thereof, a process for producing the same, and a schizophrenia remedy containing the same as the active ingredient (wherein the nitrogeneous ring B represents 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonan-3-yl or 4-azatricyclo [4.3.1.1.sup.3.8 ] undecan-4-yl; and R represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, hydroxy or halogen). The above compound and salt have a high affinity for sigma-binding sites and are useful as an antischizophrenic drug.

Abstract: A method is provided for effectively terminating methadone maintenance therapy and the addiction to other legally-available opiates by selectively extinguishing the opiate-taking responses. Selective extinction is produced having sessions in which detoxified addicts make opiate-taking responses while an opiate antagonist blocks the positive reinforcement, interspersed by periods when the antagonist is absent and all responses except opiate-taking can be emitted. A similar method but with instructions not to take the opiate can subsequently be used to protect against resumption of illegal opiate use, or separately with patients addicted to illegal opiates producing reinforcement through the opioidergic system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel huperzine A derivatives of formula (II), wherein Y is or R″ and Y together form ═CH; R is (C1-C5) alkyl, wherein n is 0 or 1, X is H, (C1-C5) alkyl; (C1-C5) alkyloxy; nitro, halogen, carboxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxy, amino substituted by bis-(C1-C5) alkyl; —(CH2)m COOZ, wherein m=0-5, Z is H or (C1-C5) alkyl; —CH═CH—G, wherein G is phenyl, furanyl, carboxy, alkyloxycarbonyl; and dihydro- or tetrahydro-pyridyl substituted by (C1-C5) alkyl at the nitrogen atom; R′ is H, (C1-C5) alkyl, pyridoyl, benzoyl substituted by (C1-C5) alkyloxy; R″ is H or (C1-C5) alkyl; processes for their use as acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.