Abstract: An apparatus including at least one processing circuitry, and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processing circuitry, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processing circuitry, cause the apparatus at least: to determine an abnormal operation of an external application with which at least one communication element has established a communication connection; to decide on a change of an uplink traffic to the external application; and to selectively control a communication of the at least one communication element to the external application by providing control information for the at least one communication element, the control information reflecting the decision to change the uplink traffic to the external application.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic organic antioxidants of small molecules. The novel dithiol-containing compounds in this invention possess strongest possible capability as both scavenger for free radicals and antioxidant. This invention is directed to novel molecules as prodrugs of the novel dithiol-containing compounds, their rational design, their feasible preparation route by means of synthetic organic chemistry, and their potential uses in application to treatment and/or prevention of major diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, diabetes, HIV, acne, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, pain, aging, stroke, cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, etc.

Abstract: Through the use of a combination of naturally occurring substances, application of mechanical energy by way of exercise, and application of a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF), new bone formation at lines of stress can be promoted. This bone forming activity is useful in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. The naturally occurring substances consist of organic sulphur, antioxidants, and amino acids. These substances are preferably administered orally. In preferred embodiments, the antioxidant is alpha-lipoic acid, and the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of lysine, glutamine, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An electronic device for rendering a display unit antifungal. The electronic device includes a body including a display unit; and an antifungal cover that is removeably attached to the body, the antifungal cover including an antifungal module on one surface thereof. If the antifungal cover covers the display unit, the display unit projects a wavelength of light that activates an antifungal property of the antifungal module.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that are useful for treating a subject with a proliferative disorder, such as cancer. The disclosed compounds and pharmaceutical compositions are also useful for treating disorders responsive to Hsp70 induction and/or natural killer induction.

Abstract: Dithiol compounds and derivatives thereof are disclosed. The agents are useful for treating ocular disease, especially presbyopia and cataract. Also disclosed are novel mercaptan compounds, particularly those including a photolabile protecting group, as well as methods of using the compounds for the prevention and treatment of ocular damage and disease.

Abstract: Lipoic acid derivatives and pharmaceutical formulations containing lipoic acid derivatives are useful in the treatment and prevention of disease characterized by disease cells that are sensitive to lipoic acid derivatives.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of formula (IA), formula (IV) or formula (V), wherein the variables are as defined herein, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them which are useful for treating a subject with a proliferative disorder, such as cancer. The disclosed compounds and pharmaceutical compositions are also useful for treating disorders responsive to Hsp70 induction and/or natural killer induction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of new and known dithiine derivatives for controlling unwanted microorganisms, more particularly phytopathogenic fungi, in crop protection, in the household and hygiene sector and in the protection of materials, and also to new dithiine derivatives, to processes for preparing them, to their use, and to crop protection compositions comprising these new dithiine derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of 2,3,5,6-tetracyano-[1,4]dithiine and the N-oxides and the salts thereof for combating phytopathogenic fungi on cultivated plants, and to seeds coated with 2,3,5,6-tetracyano-[1,4]dithiine. The invention also relates to methods for combating harmful fungi, comprising treating the plants or seeds to be protected against fungal attack.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synergistic mixtures comprising at least one compound I and at least one active compound II as defined herein and to the use of these mixtures for combating phytopathogenic fungi, and to seeds coated with at least one such mixture. The invention also relates methods for combating harmful fungi using such mixtures.

Abstract: The instant disclosure relates to compositions that may be useful as therapeutic agents for the treatment of disorders associated or caused by Ras deregulation or dysregulation, for example, disorders associated with alterations in the NF1 gene such as neurofibromatosis type I, fungal infections such as those caused by Candida albicans, and proliferative disorders such as glioblastoma.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of the formula (I) in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, Y, Q and G have the meanings given above, to a plurality of processes and intermediates for their preparation and to their use as herbicides and/or pesticides. Moreover, the invention relates to selective herbicidal compositions comprising, firstly, the phenyl-substituted bicyclooctane-1,3-dione derivates and, secondly, a crop plant compatibility-improving compound. The present invention furthermore relates to increasing the activity of crop protection compositions comprising in particular phenyl-substituted bicyclooctane-1,3-dione derivates by adding ammonium salts or phosphonium salts and, if appropriate, penetrants, to the corresponding compositions, to processes for their preparation and to their use in crop protection as pesticides and/or for preventing unwanted plant growth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of new and known dithiine derivatives for controlling unwanted microorganisms, more particularly phytopathogenic fungi, in crop protection, in the household and hygiene sector and in the protection of materials, and also to new dithiine derivatives, to processes for preparing them, to their use, and to crop protection compositions comprising these new dithiine derivatives.

Abstract: The invention relates to new types of modulators of the cold menthol receptor TRPM8, to methods of modulating the TRPM8 receptor using these modulators; and in particular the use of the modulators for inducing a sensation of coldness; and also the articles and compositions produced using these modulators.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to materials and methods for the prevention and treatment of disease conditions associated with oxidative stress or a compromised reducing environment, including inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis. Another aspect of the subject invention concerns compositions formulated for administration as an enema. The subject invention also concerns compositions formulated for oral administration. Methods of the invention include administration of compounds or compositions of the invention. In one embodiment, compounds or compositions of the invention are rectally instilled in a patient. In another embodiment, compounds or compositions are orally administered.

Abstract: The present invention is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant prodrug useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases or conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from changes in the mitochondrial redox environment. Antioxidant prodrugs of the invention are produced by modifying an antioxidant to a fatty acid so that the resulting prodrug is targeted to and activated by an enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation.

Abstract: In one embodiment the invention provides a method of combating cyanide poisoning, which comprises administering to a subject a compound capable of releasing 3-mercapto-pyruvate in vivo. In other embodiments the invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound capable of releasing 3-mercaptopyruvate in vivo, as well as novel compounds that are capable of releasing 3-mercaptopyruvate in vivo.

Abstract: The instant disclosure relates to compositions that may be useful as therapeutic agents for the treatment of disorders associated or caused by Ras deregulation or dysregulation, for example, disorders associated with alterations in the NF1 gene such as neurofibromatosis type I, fungal infections such as those caused by Candida albicans, and proliferative disorders such as glioblastoma.

Abstract: Provided are compounds that are capable of modulating the activity of the influenza A virus via interaction with the M2 transmembrane protein. Also provided are methods for treating an influenza A-affected disease state or infection comprising administering a composition comprising one or more compounds that have been identified as being capable of interaction with the M2 protein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of agents that inhibit the toxic effects of amyloid oligomers by increasing intracellular levels of phosphoinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P, or “PIP”) and/or phosphotidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PI(4,5)P2 or “PIP2”), the use of such agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, methods of treating neurodegenerative diseases by administration of agents which alter lipid metabolism, and methods of identifying agents which alter the association of presenilins with ?-secretase and lipid rafts.

Abstract: Novel derivatives of dihydro-1,4,2-oxathiazine and dihydro-1,4-dithiine oxides, more particularly, novel derivatives of dihydro-1,4,2-oxathiazine and dihydro-1,4-dithiine oxides that target cysteine residues of biomolecules of pharmacological importance are provided as pharmaceutically useful compounds, for example, as anticancer, antiinfectious, antigastric acid secretion, antiosteoporosic, and antiinflammatory agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of new and known dithiine derivatives for controlling unwanted microorganisms, more particularly phytopathogenic fungi, in crop protection, in the household and hygiene sector and in the protection of materials, and also to new dithiine derivatives, to processes for preparing them, to their use, and to crop protection compositions comprising these new dithiine derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant prodrug useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases or conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from changes in the mitochondrial redox environment. Antioxidant prodrugs of the invention are produced by modifying an antioxidant to a fatty acid so that the resulting prodrug is targeted to and activated by an enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation.

Abstract: A method for enhancing cognition or inhibiting cognitive decline in a subject comprises selecting a Ca2+ channel blocker that is effective, when administered intravenously to an animal in a nontoxic amount, to increase NF-?B expression in the brain of the animal; and administering the selected Ca2+ channel blocker to the subject, via a systemic route that affords an adequate therapeutic window for cognition-enhancing or cognitive decline-inhibiting effectiveness of the selected Ca2+ channel blocker, in an amount within the therapeutic window. The selected Ca2+ channel blocker can be, for example, tiapamil or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to certain ketones and reduced ketones and derivatives thereof which, inter alia, inhibit osteoclast survival, formation, and/or activity; and/or inhibit bone resorption, and more particularly to compounds of the formulae and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, amides, esters, and ethers thereof, wherein: Ar1, Ralk, —ORO, and -Q are as defined herein: The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The compounds inhibit osteoclast survival, formation, and/or activity, and inhibit conditions mediated by osteoclasts and/or characterised by bone resorption, and are useful in the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer associated bone disease, Paget's disease, aseptic loosening of prosthetic implants, and the like; and/or in the treatment of conditions associated with inflammation or activation of the immune system.

Abstract: Tetrazole compounds substituted directly, or by a bridge, with i) a heteroaryl moiety containing N adjacent to the point of connection of the heteroaryl and ii) another heteroaryl or aryl ring, with at least one of the rings being further substituted with another ring, are mGluR5 modulators useful in the treatment of psychiatric and mood disorders such as, for example, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, panic, and bipolar disorder, as well as in the treatment of pain, Parkinson's disease, cognitive dysfunction, epilepsy, circadian rhythm disorders, drug addiction, drug abuse, drug withdrawal, obesity and other diseases.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to certain ketones and reduced ketones and derivatives thereof which, inter alia, inhibit osteoclast survival, formation, and/or activity; and/or inhibit bone resorption, and more particularly to compounds of the formulae: (1) (2) wherein: Ar1 is independently a biphenyl, phenanthryl, fluorenyl, or carbazolyl, and is optionally substituted; Ralk is independently a C2-10alkylene group, and is optionally substituted; —ORO, if present, is independently —OH or —ORK; —ORK, if present, is independently selected from: —O—RK1; —O—C(?O)RK2; —O—C(?O)ORK3; —O—S(?O)2ORK4; Q is independently —OH or —OROT; wherein: —OROT, if present, is independently selected from: —O—RE1; —O—C(?O)—RE2; —O—C(?O)—O—RE3; —O—C(?O)—O—SO3RE4; —O—C(?O)—O—(CH2)n—COORE5; —O—C(?O)—(CH2)n—NRN1RN2; —O—C(?O)—(CH2)n—NH—C(?O)RE6; —O—C(?O)—(CH2)n—C(?O)—NRN3RN4; —O—P(?O)(ORE7)(ORE8); —O—RPA; RPA, if present, is an organic group which incorporates a phosphonic acid group; with the proviso that if —OROT is —O—RE1, then RE1 is

Abstract: In one embodiment the invention provides a method of combating cyanide poisoning, which comprises administering to a subject a compound capable of releasing 3-mercapto-pyruvate in vivo. In other embodiments the invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound capable of releasing 3-mercaptopyruvate in vivo, as well as novel compounds that are capable of releasing 3-mercaptopyruvate in vivo.

Abstract: Dithiol compounds and derivatives thereof are disclosed. The agents are useful for treating ocular disease, especially presbyopia and cataract.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to certain ketones and reduced ketones and derivatives thereof which, inter alia, inhibit osteoclast survival, formation, and/or activity; and/or inhibit bone resorption, and more particularly to compounds of the formulae and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, amides, esters, and ethers thereof, wherein: Ar1, Ralk, —ORO, and -Q are as defined herein: The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The compounds inhibit osteoclast survival, formation, and/or activity, and inhibit conditions mediated by osteoclasts and/or characterised by bone resorption, and are useful in the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer associated bone disease, Paget's disease, aseptic loosening of prosthetic implants, and the like; and/or in the treatment of conditions associated with inflammation or activation of the immune system.

Abstract: Lipoic acid derivatives and pharmaceutical formulations containing lipoic acid derivatives are useful in the treatment and prevention of disease characterized by disease cells that are sensitive to lipoic acid derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds having the structure (and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof) wherein R0–R4, Z, X, A—B, D—E, G—J, and K—L are as defined herein, the synthesis thereof and the use of these compounds as therapeutic agents.

Abstract: Fungicidal mixtures, comprising A) the compound of the formula I and B) the compound of the formula II in a synergistically effective amount, methods for controlling harmful fungi using mixtures of the compounds I and II and the use of the compounds I and II for preparing such mixtures are described.

Abstract: Compounds and methods for mitigating neurodegeneration, effecting neuroprotection and/or effecting cognition enhancement in a subject are described. Neurological or cognitive conditions are treated by administering to a subject an effective amount of a therapeutic compound comprising a nitrate ester, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds having scavenging and anti-ROS properties and pharmaceutical composition comprising these compounds for treatment of conditions associated with oxidative stress or free radical injury. The compounds of the invention are of general formula (I).

Abstract: This invention comprises administering to a human or animal in need of treatment an effective amount of an antioxidant lipoic acid derivative and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof for the treatment or prevention of pathological (inflammatory, proliferative and degenerative diseases, e.g. diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and chronic viral diseases) and non-pathological (e.g. skin aging and wrinkle formation) conditions caused by oxidative damage. Methods of synthesizing novel antioxidant lipoic acid derivatives and their use in preventing or treating diseases or conditions caused by oxidative stress and other free radical mediated conditions are described. Another aspect of this invention is the use of these antioxidant compositions for the protection of skin from damage caused by ultraviolet radiation and dessication, and to provide improved skin feel by desquamating, cleansing and clarifying the skin.

Abstract: Picornaviral 3C protease inhibitors, obtainable by chemical synthesis, inhibit or block the biological activity of the picornaviral 3C protease. These compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions that contain these compounds, are suitable for treating patients or hosts infected with one or more picornaviruses.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): A-G1-Cy-G2-Cy-G3-B  (I) wherein: A represents NR1C(Q)R2, C(Q)NR2R3 or NR1C(Q)NR2R3, B represents NR1C(Q)R2, C(Q)NR2R3, NR1C(Q)NR2R3, C(Q)OR1, NR1C(Q)OR2 or NR2R3, G1 and G3 represent an optionally substituted alkylene chain, Cy represents a ring structure G2 represents a chain and medicinal products containing the same which are useful in treating or in preventing melatoninergic disorders.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds, compositions and methods relating to novel aromatic derivatives and their use as pharmacologically active agents. The compositions find particular use as pharmacological agents in the treatment of disease states, particularly cancer, psoriasis, vascular restenosis, infections, atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia, or as lead compounds for the development of such agents.

Abstract: Compounds I-III wherein U is CH, O, or S; Z is mono- or di-substituted carbon; R is (CH2)nCO2H, (CH2)nSO3H, (CH2)nPO3H2, (CH2)nNO2, CH(SCH3)3, esters; R1 is H, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl; RR1 is O; n is 0-4; R2, R3 is H, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl; R4 is (CH2)nOH, (CH2)nNH2, substituted alkyl were prepd. as neuraminidase inhibitors. Thus, (1R,3R,4R,1′S)-(−)-(1′-acetylamino-2 ′-ethyl)butyl-4-(aminoimino)methylaminocyclopentan-1-carboxylic acid was prepd. and tested in vitro as neuraminidase inhibitor (IC50<1.mu.M).

Abstract: Novel tubulin binding compounds (SPIKETS) having potent tubulin depolymerization activity and inhibitory activity against tubulin polymerization. The compounds are effective agents for inhibiting cellular proliferation, for example, in cancer cells. The compounds are adapted to interact favorably with a novel SP binding pocket on tubulin, which pocket is useful for screening of anti-tubulin, anti-proliferation, and anti-cancer drugs.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the treatment and prophylaxis of viral infection and disease associated with such infection.

Abstract: A novel formulation is provided that serves to synergistically inhibit the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress in animals. The formulation comprises as a first component a carotenoid species, and, as a second component, at least one member selected from the group consisting of lipoic acid, dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), a stilbene species, ergothioneine, a flavone species, a triterpene species, ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The invention is directed to 1,4-dithiin- and 1,4-dithiepin-1,1,4,4-tetroxide derivatives useful as galanin receptor antagonists for treating disorders of the central nervous system. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the present invention and methods of treating conditions such as an eating disorder, obesity, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, binge eating, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, memory loss, sleep disturbances, pain, depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, cerebral hemorrhage, or diarrhea are also described.

Abstract: The novel amidino derivatives of the formula (I): wherein all the symbols are as in specification defined; have an inhibitory activity of a blood coagulation factor VIIa and are useful for treatment and/or prevention of several angiopathy caused by enhancing a coagulation activity, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, coronary thrombosis, cerebral infarction, cerebral embolism, transient ischemic attack, cerebrovascular disorders, pulmonary vascular diseases, deep venous thrombosis, peripheral arterial obstruction, thrombosis after artificial vascular transplantation and artificial valve transplantation, post-operative thrombosis, reobstruction and restenosis after coronary artery bypass operation, reobstruction and restenosis after PTCA or PTCR, thrombosis by extracorporeal circulation and procoagulative diseases such as glomerlonephriitis.

Abstract: A dietary supplement for promoting healthy joints and joint tissues is disclosed. The dietary supplement comprises a member selected from the group consisting of niacinamide, niacin, and mixtures thereof and an antioxidant nutrient. Illustrative antioxidant nutrients include N-acetylcysteine, lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, carotenoids, and zinc. The dietary supplement supports optimal function and health of joints and joint tissues by interrupting a cascade of events involving reactive oxygen species, cytokines, and poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, which self-amplifying, positive feed-forward cycle is inversely correlated with joint tissue integrity. A method for promoting healthy joints and joint tissues is also described.

Abstract: The invention concerns the compounds of formula I wherein R1 and R2 independently are hydrogen, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkyl; either the sulfamoyloxy side chain is bound to the 6 position; R3 is alkyl; alkenyl; alkinyl; a cycloalkyl moiety optionally substituted by alkyl, alkoxy or halogen; arylalkenyl; arylalkinyl; acyl; cycloalkylalkyl; 3-oxo-2-oxacamphanyl; or is 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl; and R4 is hydrogen; alkyl; hydroxy; or alkoxy; or the sulfamoyloxy side chain is bound to the 7 position; R3 has the significance indicated above for R4; and R4 has the significance indicated above for R3; X is O or S; and the symbol - - - is a single or a double bond; in free form or salt form. They can be prepared by sulfamoylation of corresponding hydroxylated compounds, by reduction and/or by N-substitution. They are indicated for use as pharmaceuticals, particularly in the prophylactic or curative treatment of illnesses responsive to steroid sulfatase inhibition.

Abstract: Novel thienopyran compounds are disclosed, useful as anti-hypertensive agents and for asthma treatment. One group of the compounds has a heterocyclic ring spiro-connected at the 7-position of the thienopyran ring structure. Use of thienopyran compounds in hair growth modulation is described.

Abstract: Picornaviral 3C protease inhibitors of formula I, obtainable by chemical synthesis, that inhibit or block the biological activity of the picornaviral 3C protease are described. These compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions that contain these compounds, are suitable for treating patients or hosts infected with one or more picornaviruses.