Abstract: The invention provides methods and materials for decontamination of surfaces and fabrics, such as non-woven fabrics, that are contaminated with infestations of microorganisms such as bacteria. Biocidal oligomers having conjugated oligo-(aryl/heteroaryl ethynyl) structures and comprising at least one cationic group can be used to decontaminate infested surfaces in the presence of oxygen and, optionally, illumination. Fibers incorporating biocidal oligomers having conjugated oligo-(aryl/heteroaryl ethynyl) structures and comprising at least one cationic group, wherein the oligomer is physically associated with or covalently bonded to, or both, the fiber-forming polymer can be used to form non-woven mats. Biocidal non-woven mats prepared by methods of the invention, incorporating the biocidal oligomers, can be used to suppress bacterial growth in wound and surgical dressings and personal hygiene products.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of formula (I): wherein X1, X2, X3, R2, R4b, R1, and G have values as described in the specification, useful as inhibitors of HDAC6. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the invention and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of proliferative, inflammatory, infectious, neurological or cardiovascular diseases or disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor of benzamides and use thereof. The inhibitor has good efficacy in treating diseases caused by abnormal gene expression, such as tumours, endocrine disorders, immune system diseases, genetic diseases and nerve system diseases. The histone deacetylase inhibitor of benzamides is a compound of the following general chemical structural formula (I) or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel bis-sulfonamide derivatives, processes for preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as pharmaceuticals as modulators of chemokine receptors.

Abstract: Provided are improved agricultural processes for the improved cultivation of rice wherein the crops are treated to control undesired vegetative growth using a plant treatment composition comprising both halosulfuron and thifensulfuron to provide improved herbicidal efficacy against Heteranthera limosa, commonly referred to as “duck salad”. Also provided are compositions useful in the improved agricultural processes, as well as herbicidal treatment regimens. Unexpectedly high rates of efficacy against Heteranthera limosa, amongst rice plant in rice crops are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides aryl- or heteroaryl-diketo acid compounds effective to inhibit an activity of a Mycobacterial malate synthase enzyme or to inhibit a malate synthase activity in other bacteria having the enzyme. The compounds may be phenyl- naphthyl-, or thienyl-substituted diketo acids and carboxylate derivatives thereof. Also provided are methods of treating tuberculosis or other pathophysiological conditions associated with a malate synthase enzyme with the inhibitory compounds and methods of in silico design of the inhibitory compounds. In addition, the present invention provides the inhibitory compounds designed by this method. Furthermore, three-dimensional X-ray crystal structures of the Mycobacterial malate synthase complexed with the inhibitory compounds are provided. Further still a method for stabilizing an aromatic or heteroaromatic diketo acid or its prodrug or close analog in solution by derivatizing at least the ortho position on the aromatic ring is provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to inhibitors of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), pharmaceutical compositions comprising such GSNOR inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods and compositions for the inhibition or reduction of the primary tumor and metastasis by inhibition of fatty acid binding proteins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I or II, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, that interact with glucokinase regulatory protein. In addition, the present invention relates to methods of treating type 2 diabetes, and other diseases and/or conditions where glucokinase regulatory protein is involved using the compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions that contain the compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a medicinal composition useful for external application in the treatment of a fungal infection reaching the lower part of a thick keratin layer. Provided is an antifungal medicinal composition, comprising: (1) a film-forming agent; (2) a water-soluble plasticizer in a form of a solid or a paste at 20° C. at 1 atm; and (3) an antifungal compound represented by a general formula (1) and/or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel chemical compounds formula (I) (C)n—B-(A)m-B—(C)n (I) wherein m is 0 or 1, and n is independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, A, each B and each C are independently selected from phenylene and five- and six-membered heteroaromatic rings, and for a terminal ring B or C also from bicyclic heteroaromatic fused rings having seven to ten ring members, wherein the bond between at least two of the rings A to C may be replaced by a carbonyl group (—CO—), wherein at least two of the rings A to C are substituted with one or two groups R, and wherein each ring A to C further optionally is substituted with one or two groups R1. The compounds are useful in therapy, especially therapy of a mammal suffering from a disease involving misfolded or aggregated forms of proteins.

Abstract: Provided are a novel derivative of 5-carbamoyl adamantan-2-yl amide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutical use thereof for inhibiting the activity of 11?-hydroxystreroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11b-HSD1) or for preventing and/or treating various diseases mediated by 11?-hydroxystreroid dehydrogenase type 1.

Abstract: Peptide-based compounds including heteroatom-containing, three-membered rings efficiently and selectively inhibit specific activities of N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolases associated with the proteasome. The peptide-based compounds include an epoxide or aziridine, and functionalization at the N-terminus. Among other therapeutic utilities, the peptide-based compounds are expected to display anti-inflammatory properties and inhibition of cell proliferation. Oral administration of these peptide-based proteasome inhibitors is possible due to their bioavailability profiles.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein the groups A and B represent independently from each other —CH?CH—, or —C?C—, the terms t, u, v, w represent, independently from each other, values ranging from 0 to 9, the groups Y1 and Y2 can represent independently from each other an alkyl group (linear, branched or substituted) carrying from 1 to 9 carbon atoms, the groups Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 can represent independently from each other a chemically reactive group W, such as OH, NH2, SH, the groups Z5 and Z6 represent independently from each other a hydrogen atom, silica nanoparticles functionalized by these compounds, and their use as drugs.

Abstract: A compound is provided of the formula wherein each u is independently selected from 0 and 1; each R2 and R4 is independently selected from carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminoalkyl, (amino)(carboxy)alkyl and (amino)(carboxy)alkoxy; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to antioxidant derivatives of camptothecin and antioxidant derivatives of camptothecin analogs and the preparation of nanometer-sized camptothecin prodrugs. Methods of synthesizing the antioxidant derivatives of camptothecin and antioxidant derivatives of camptothecin analogs, spontaneous emulsification or nanoprecipitation thereof to produce antioxidant camptothecin nanosphere prodrugs and their use in treating cancerous diseases are also provided. A further aspect of this invention is the use of these antioxidant camptothecin nanosphere prodrugs for the preparation of delivery devices of other pharmaceuticals and/or drugs. Additionally, methods of treating cancer with the camptothecin and antioxidant derivatives of camptothecin analogs, and nanometer-sized camptothecin prodrugs are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for enhancing taxane sensitivity are provided. Aspects of the subject methods include administering to a subject a txr1 pathway modulatory agent in conjunction with a taxane. Also provided are txr1 polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same. The subject methods and compositions find use in a variety of different applications.

Abstract: Sonic Hedgehog modulators and methods of use thereof are provided for.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The present invention is also directed to a method of treating a genetic disease caused by premature termination codons, or other conditions that render messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) susceptible to nonsense mediated RNA decay, in a subject. Also disclosed is a method of inhibiting nonsense mediated RNA decay and/or induction of autophagy. The present invention also relates to a method of identifying inhibitors of nonsense mediated RNA decay and/or inducing autophagy. The present invention further relates to a method of inhibiting nonsense mediated RNA decay and/or induction of autophagy in a subject.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a class of compounds, including the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, having the structure of formula I: as defined in the specification. The invention is also directed to compositions containing and uses of the compounds of formula I.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein U, J, V, X, R2a, R2b, R2c, R5 and t are as described herein. The present invention relates generally to inhibitors of histone deacetylase and to methods of making and using them. These compounds are useful for promoting cognitive function and enhancing learning and memory formation. In addition, these compounds are useful for treating, alleviating, and/or preventing various conditions, including for example, neurological disorders, memory and cognitive function disorders/impairments, extinction learning disorders, fungal diseases and infections, inflammatory diseases, hematological diseases, and neoplastic diseases in humans and animals.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to inhibitors of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), pharmaceutical compositions comprising such GSNOR inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: A compound is selected from the structural formulae depicted in FIG. 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound selected from the structural formulae depicted in FIG. 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier of excipient. A method of treating a HCV infection in a subject comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of selected from the structural formulae depicted in FIG. 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A method of inhibiting or reducing the activity of HCV polymerase in a subject or in a biological in vitro sample comprises administering to the subject or to the sample a therapeutically effective amount of selected from the structural formulae depicted in FIG. 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel gamma secretase inhibitors of the formula. Also disclosed are methods of inhibiting gamma-secretase, methods of treating neurodegenerative diseases, and methods of treating Alzheimer's Disease. Also disclosed are processes for preparing alkenes in one reaction step using a mixture of an aldehyde (or ketone) and an alkyl substituted with two electron withdrawing groups, and reacting the mixture with: (a) a sulfonyl halide (e.g., a sulfonyl chloride) and a basic tertiary amine, or, (b) a sulfonyl anhydride and a basic amine, or (c) an aryl-C(O)-halide and a basic tertiary amine, or (d) an aryl-C(O)—O—C(O)-aryl and a basic tertiary amine, or (e) an heteroaryl-C(O)-halide and a basic tertiary amine, or (f) a heteroaryl-C(O)—O—C(O)-heteroaryl and a basic tertiary amine.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating glaucoma are provided. In particular hydrophilic ester prodrugs and their use to reduce central corneal thickening is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel bis-sulfonamide derivatives, processes for preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as pharmaceuticals as modulators of chemokine receptors.

Abstract: Crystalline solid forms and the amorphous form of the anti-HCV compound 5-(3,3-dimethylbutyn-1-yl)-3-[(cis-4-hydroxy-4-{[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]methyl}cyclohexyl){[(1R)-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]carbonyl}amino]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (Compound I) were prepared and characterized in the solid state: Also provided are processes of manufacture and methods of using the crystalline forms.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, which modulate the activity of store-operated calcium (SOC) channels. Also described herein are methods of using such SOC channel modulators, alone and in combination with other compounds, for treating diseases or conditions that would benefit from inhibition of SOC channel activity.

Abstract: Compounds having formulas (I) to (VIII), salts thereof, or combinations thereof and pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more these compounds are described herein for the treatment of HIV and neurodegenerative effects caused by HIV. Also provided herein are methods and a kit for inhibiting HIV-1, treating latent HIV in the brain, and preventing HIV-mediated cognitive decline and HIV dementia comprising administering the compounds having the formulas (I) to (VIII) and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds having these formulas. The compounds having formulas I through VIII are curcumin analogs which are advantageously characterized as having anti-retroviral, neuroprotective, anti-glucosidase, and anti-HIV integrase properties. In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition is delivered intranasally.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel cyclic amine and cycloalkyl derivatives, processes for preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as pharmaceuticals as modulators of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors.

Abstract: The present invention discloses ?-diketones, ?-diketones or ?-hydroxyketones or analogs thereof, that activate Wnt/?-catenin signaling and thus treat or prevent diseases related to signal transduction, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthropathy; osteogenesis imperfecta, bone defects, bone fractures, periodontal disease, otosclerosis, wound healing, craniofacial defects, oncolytic bone disease, traumatic brain injuries related to the differentiation and development of the central nervous system, comprising Parkinson's disease, strokes, ischemic cerebral disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia; eye diseases such as age related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema or retinitis pigmentosa and diseases related to differentiation and growth of stem cell, comprising hair loss, hematopoiesis related diseases and tissue regeneration related diseases.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the following formula (I), are useful as hyperglycemic inhibitors having a serine protease inhibitory action and as prophylactic or therapeutic drugs for diabetes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound of formula (I), wherein Z, m and R1-R6 are as described herein, as a modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors particularly the ?7 subtype, in a subject in need thereof, as well as analogues, prodrugs, isotopically substituted analogs, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, polymorphs, solvates, isomers, clathrates, and co-crystal thereof, for use either alone or in combinations with suitable other medicaments, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and analogues. Also disclosed are a process of preparation of the compounds and the intended uses thereof in therapy, particularly in the prophylaxis and therapy of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, senile dementia, and the like.

Abstract: Provided are compounds of Formula I: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. The compounds, compositions, and methods provided are useful for the treatment of Flaviviridae virus infections, particularly hepatitis C infections.

Abstract: This invention relates to a stable epoprostenol composition that can be combined with commercially available IV fluids and can be administered in its reconstituted and/or diluted form under ambient conditions of about 15-30° C. for greater than 24 hours. The composition preferably contains (a) epoprostenol or a salt thereof; (b) a alkalinization agent; and (c) a base, such that when reconstituted or in solution, the solution has a pH>11. Methods for making the lyophilized composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides for the use of antimicrobial chemical entities based on a nitrothiazolide backbone that exhibit anti-mycobacteria activity, including the mycobacterium causing tuberculosis. Multiple compounds were synthesized and screened for anti-tuberculosis activity. Disclosed herein are a series of compounds with anti-tuberculosis activity, including six leads that completely inhibited bacterial growth at 5 micrograms per ml or less. Three of these compounds were tested to determine MIC and these ranged between 1 and 4 micrograms per ml against both drug susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and strains that are multi-drug resistant (MDR) including XDR strains. The compounds developed are derived from parent compound nitazoxanide, which had no inhibitory activity in the stringent testing format used herein.

Abstract: Provided are compounds of Formula I: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. The compounds, compositions, and methods provided are useful for the treatment of Flaviviridae virus infections, particularly hepatitis C infections.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel thiophene inhibitors of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), pharmaceutical compositions comprising such GSNOR inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: Provided are compounds of Formula I: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. The compounds, compositions, and methods provided are useful for the treatment of Flaviviridae virus infections, particularly hepatitis C infections.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and pharmaceutical compositions for inhibiting N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA). Inhibition of NAAA is contemplated as a method to sustain the levels of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleylethanolamide (OEA), two substrates of NAAA, in conditions characterized by reduced concentrations of PEA and OEA. The invention also provides methods for treating inflammatory diseases and pain, and other disorders in which decreased levels of PEA and OEA are associated with the disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I), their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, methods for their preparation, use of these compounds in medicine and the intermediates involved in their preparation. The present invention is directed towards compounds which can be used to treat diseases such as Hyperlipidemia and also have a beneficial effect on cholesterol.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to inhibitors of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), pharmaceutical compositions comprising such GSNOR inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compounds that function as modulators of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymatic activity, as well as compositions and formulations comprising the compounds. The present disclosure provides therapeutic methods involving administering a subject compound, or a subject pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel substituted enaminocarbonyl compounds, to processes for their preparation and to their use for controlling animal pests, especially arthropods, in particular insects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of general formula I, wherein the groups R1, R2 and m are defined as in claim 1, which have valuable pharmacological properties, in particular bind to the GPR40 receptor and modulate its activity. The compounds are suitable for treatment and prevention of diseases which can be influenced by this receptor, such as metabolic diseases, in particular diabetes type 2.

Abstract: A method of enhancing binding of cells to an integrin-binding ligand comprises treating integrin-expressing cells in vitro with an agonist of integrin, wherein the integrin is selected from the group consisting of ?4?1, ?5?1, ?4?7, ?v?3 and ?L?2, and contacting the treated cells with an integrin-binding ligand; integrin agonist compounds having the general formula I; methods of treating integrin-expressing cells with such agonists to enhance binding; and therapeutic methods comprising administering agonist-treated cells or agonist compounds to a mammal.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, which modulate the activity of store-operated calcium (SOC) channels. Also described herein are methods of using such SOC channel modulators, alone and in combination with other compounds, for treating diseases or conditions that would benefit from inhibition of SOC channel activity.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide compounds and compositions thereof, which are effective for mitigating tissue damage or lethality induced by an agent, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: A composition and method of treating Alzheimer's disease or a dementia of vascular origin are disclosed. The composition and method utilize an endothelin antagonist as the active agent to treat Alzheimer's disease or a dementia of vascular origin in mammals, including humans.

Abstract: Provided is a compound represented by formula (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof. (In the formula, A is C6-10 arylene, etc.; R1a, R1b and R1c each independently is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-4 alkyl group, a C1-4 alkoxy group, etc.; R2 is an optionally substituted C6-10 aryl group, an optionally substituted 5- to 12-membered monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl group, an optionally substituted C7-16 aralkyl group, etc.; m is 0, etc.; n is an integer of 0 to 2.