Abstract: A method of stimulating melanogenesis in a skin surface of a patient, by treating the skin surface with a topical formulation comprising an effective amount of 17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-PGF2? ethyl amide in a dermatologically acceptable carrier. The topical formulation may be a cream, a gel, a lotion, a spray, an ointment, an aqueous solution, a nonaqueous solution, or a transdermal patch. The dermatologically acceptable carrier may contain an oily carrier or an aqueous carrier.

Abstract: The use or methods of use of extracts comprising one or more special clerodane compounds against inflammatory (including allergic) diseases or conditions, as well as novel compounds of this type, said clerodane derivatives for use against inflammatory (including allergic) diseases or conditions, pharmaceutical formulations comprising them especially for use against inflammatory disease or conditions, and related embodiments; said extract and/or compound(s) for use in the treatment or in the preparation of a medicament (including a nutraceutical) for the prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment of said disease or condition, as well as their preparation; pharmaceutical or nutraceutical formulations comprising said extract and/or natural compound(s) which are useful in said prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment, and related embodiments.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for one or more of preventing or treating sarcopenia and muscle atrophy in animals. The methods comprise administering isoflavones to the animals, preferably in amounts of from about 0.001 to about 10 g/kg/day.

Abstract: The invention relates to a series of compounds with particular activity as inhibitors of the serine-threonine kinase AKT. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising same as well as methods for treating cancer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liposome production process which enables production of a liposome that has a nano-size particle diameter and a high water-soluble drug encapsulation rate. The process for producing a W1/O/W2 emulsion of the present invention includes the steps of (1) emulsifying an organic solvent (O) that is a volatile organic solvent, an aqueous solvent (W1) and a mixed lipid component (F1) to give a W1/O emulsion; and (2) dispersing the W1/O emulsion produced in step (1) in an aqueous solvent (W2) by use of a porous membrane, to give a W1/O/W2 emulsion, wherein the porous membrane has been surface-treated with a hydrophilic drug so as to allow its surface to have a water contact angle of 0 to 42° in the air.

Abstract: Provided are coumarin compounds of formula I, for example, robustic acid methyl ether, and the use of such compounds and compositions thereof to modulate (e.g., inhibit) melanogenesis and pigmentation. wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are described herein. Also provided are plant extracts containing a compound of formula I, and the use of such a plant extract to modulate (e.g., inhibit) melanogenesis and pigmentation. The compound or plant extract may be prepared as pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions, and may be used for the prevention and treatment of conditions that are related to aberrant melanogenesis activity.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a drug delivery system which makes it possible to solve the existing technical problems and is easily usable in practice. A drug, which comprises an organic compound or an inorganic compound and has been magnetized by modifying a side chain and/or crosslinking side chains, is induced by a magnetic force into target tissues or an affected part.

Abstract: Provided are benzopyran compounds of formula I, for example, pomiferin-3?,4?-dimethyl ether, and the use of such compounds and compositions thereof to modulate (e.g., inhibit) melanogenesis and pigmentation. wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are described herein. Also provided are plant extracts containing a compound of formula I, and the use of such a plant extract to modulate (e.g., inhibit) melanogenesis and pigmentation. The compound or plant extract may be prepared as pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions, and may be used for the prevention and treatment of conditions that are related to aberrant melanogenesis activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel xanthone derivative compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound is useful as a chemosensitizer that reduces anticancer drug resistance.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating various conditions using derivatives of cyclopamine having the following formula:

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted chromanol derivatives, to processes for their preparation, to their use on their own or in combination for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases and to their use for preparing medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of bone diseases comprising colforsin daropate, and more particularly, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of bone diseases such as bone fracture and osteoporosis, which inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption caused by osteoclasts and promotes osteoblast differentiation and the activity of osteoblasts, and a health functional food composition comprising colforsin daropate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds useful in the modulation of potassium channel activity in cells, in particular the activity of Kv1.3 channels found in T cells. The invention also relates to the use of these compounds in the treatment or prevention of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: A composition (e.g., a phytochemical composition) including a predetermined concentration of xanthones, and in certain embodiments predetermined concentrations of both xanthones and sesamin. The composition facilitates at least one of decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, enhancing a connective tissue anti- degeneration effect, and inhibiting viral neuraminidase (e.g. neuraminidase of an influenza A virus). The composition can further decrease at least one of gene expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The phytochemical composition can increase at least one of gene expression and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The phytochemical composition provides at least one of an anti-inflammatory, an anti-viral (e.g., anti-influenza), and a connective tissue anti-degradation effect in a living organism. A use of xanthones for manufacturing phytochemical compositions that include predetermined concentrations of xanthones is also provided.

Abstract: Provided are compositions comprising compounds or precursors to compounds which may be used for a variety of therapeutic applications including, for example, treating and/or preventing a disease or disorder related to reduced or inadequate mitochondrial activity, including aging or stress, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. The compounds relate generally to urolithins and precursors thereof, including but not limited to ellagitannins and urolithin A. In certain embodiments the compositions are presented in or as food products or nutritional supplements. These same compounds and compositions can also be used advantageously in generally healthy individuals to increase or maintain metabolic rate, decrease percent body fat, increase or maintain muscle mass, manage body weight, improve or maintain mental performance (including memory), improve or maintain muscle performance, improve or maintain mood, and manage stress.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of treating cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary diseases and associated conditions, including hypertension. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions for treating cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary diseases, especially hypertension, and lung injury.

Abstract: The invention relates to combinations comprising a vascular disrupting agent (VDA) with IAP antagonists, for simultaneous, concurrent, separate or sequential use, especially for use in the treatment of proliferative diseases.

Abstract: A trilayer osmotic tablet is described. The tablet includes a core, a semi-permeable membrane disposed generally around the core, and an orifice in the semi-permeable membrane in fluid communication with the core. The core includes first, second, and third layers. The first layer is in fluid communication with the orifice. The second layer includes a therapeutically effective dose of a drug and is located adjacent to the first layer. The third layer is located adjacent the second layer. The tablet may include a coating having therapeutically effective doses of at least one additional drug disposed in the coating that generally surrounds the semi-permeable membrane. The at least one additional drug in the coating may be the same or different from the drug in the trilayer core. Methods for treating epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, asthma, and peptic ulcer disease by administering these compositions are also described.

Abstract: The subject invention is drawn to ellagitannin metabolites (e.g., urolithin) that find use in treating or preventing a neoplastic disease in a subject.

Abstract: This invention discloses cannabinoid derivatives and pharmaceutical uses thereof.

Abstract: A pharmaceutic composition for treating psoriasis. Ii has an active component and a carrier. The active component has a major active ingredient osthol and a group of minor active ingredients: xanthotoxol, xanthotoxin, isopimpinellin, bergapten, and imperatorine. The major active ingredient osthol accounts for at least 90% by weight of the active component, which accounts for 5-35% by weight of the overall pharmaceutic composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and/or prevention of erectile dysfunction, comprising (a) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by Formula 1 or 2, and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a diluent or an excipient, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a process for producing liposomes, a liposome dispersion or a dry powder of the dispersion by a two-step emulsification method using an additive (dispersing agent) by which a liposome dispersion and a dry powder thereof which can inhibit leakage of an encapsulated drug or the like from liposomes even in the long-term storage and can be stably used over a long period of time are obtained. [Solution to problem] A process for producing liposomes by a two-step emulsification method characterized by using, in the secondary emulsification step, an outer aqueous phase containing a dispersing agent which forms no molecular self-aggregate or a dispersing agent which exclusively forms molecular self-aggregates having a volume mean particle diameter of not more than 10 nm (said dispersing agent being referred to as a “specific dispersing agent” hereinafter), and a process for producing a liposome dispersion or a dry powder thereof utilizing the process for producing liposomes.

Abstract: Photochemical tissue bonding methods include the application of a photosensitizer to a tissue, e.g., cornea, followed by irradiation with electromagnetic energy to produce a tissue seal. The methods are useful for wound repair, or other tissue repair.

Abstract: Methods are provided for inhibiting stenosis following vascular trauma or disease in a mammalian host, comprising administering to the host a therapeutically effective dosage of a therapeutic conjugate containing a vascular smooth muscle binding protein that associates in a specific manner with a cell surface of the vascular smooth muscle cell, coupled to a therapeutic agent dosage form that inhibits a cellular activity of the muscle cell. Methods are also provided for the direct and/or targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to vascular smooth muscle cells that cause a dilation and fixation of the vascular lumen by inhibiting smooth muscle cell contraction, thereby constituting a biological stent.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for enhancing the ability of hypoxia-activated bioreductive agents to kill tumor cells within solid tumors are provided. Local regions of hypoxia are created within a tumor, or within a region containing a tumor, resulting in enhanced activation of hypoxia-activated bioreductive agents (e.g. tirapazamine) within the local region. The activated hypoxia-activated bioreductive agents kill tumor cells in the hypoxic region by catalyzing DNA stand breakage within the tumor cells. Because the activity is localized, side effects that typically occur as a result of systemic administration of bioreductive agents are reduced.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a preparation comprising sulfated oligosaccharides which trap spermine or spermidine or both, as an active slimming ingredient in a cosmetic, pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical composition. One of the objectives of the invention is to supply a cosmetic, pharmaceutical or nutraceutical composition with a slimming effect.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition and a method of treating inflammation in a mammal. The method administers the therapeutic composition to the mammal. The therapeutic composition includes: a standard therapeutic dose of a COX2 inhibitor consisting of celecoxib or rofecoxib; and low dose aspirin in an amount of 70-85 mg.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for a rapid and sustainable change in the pigment melanin content of melanocytes of the iris stroma, thereby to change the color of the eye. Also described are nanoparticle compositions for lightening the pigmented tissues or treating a pigmented tissue related disease.

Abstract: Methods and compositions comprising chemical compounds that modulate the silencing of a polynucleotide of interest in a cell are provided. Such chemical compounds when used in combination with an appropriate silencing element can be used to modulate (increase or decrease) the level of the polynucleotide targeted by the silencing element. Methods of using such compositions both in therapies involving RNAi-mediated suppression of gene expression, as well as, in vitro methods that allow for the targeted modulation of expression of a polynucleotide of interest are provided. Pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions comprising such compounds and silencing elements also are disclosed. Methods for screening a compound of interest for the ability to modulate the activity of a heterologous silencing element also are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising at least one extract from the orchid Dendrobium chrysotoxum as an active agent and at least one cosmetically acceptable excipient. The invention relates to the use in a cosmetic composition of an extract from the orchid Dendrobium chrysotoxum as an active agent for preventing or delaying the appearance of the signs of skin ageing or for slowing or attenuating the effects thereof, or else also for promoting cell or tissue longevity. The invention in particular relates to an orchid extract inhibiting the expression and/or the activity of the mitochondrial protein Smac/DIABLO.

Abstract: A method for treating an infection with a virus. The method includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of one or more coumarin compounds of formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and X are defined herein. Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition including a coumarin compound.

Abstract: Provided are methods of treating cellulite, the methods comprising applying to skin in need of cellulite treatment a composition comprising paulownin or an extract of Paulownia wood.

Abstract: A bio compatible free radical suspension, comprising of oxygen and electronically modified reaction intermediates, where a fluorocarbon is used as an inert medium for stabilization of reaction intermediates. A stabilized bio compatible electronically modified derivative suspension is produced by the subjecting a fluorocarbon to certain stressors, such as oxidizing agents, reactive intermediates, physiological gases, benzo-?-pyrone derivatives, ultrasonic-cavitation, electric fields, magnetic fields, UV radiation, active metal catalyst, surfactant reactants, buffers, electrolytes, glucose, glucose derivatives, for the purpose of inducing a cascading immune response.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for detecting and measuring the amount of autophagosomes in cells or tissues, including biopsy samples, in vitro, in situ and/or in vivo. By detecting and measuring the amount of autophagosomes in cells or tissues, the methods and compositions of the invention also measure the amount of autophagic activity in a cell or a tissue. In one aspect, the invention can be adapted to a plate-reader format for high-throughput screening of drugs that modulate autophagy, i.e., high-throughput detection of autophagic (autophagosome) activity in cells or tissues. In alternative embodiments, the compositions of the invention can localize into autophagosomes (AV), and these compositions can comprise any detectable moiety or group, e.g., a cadaverine, a radioactive, fluorescent-, bioluminescent and/or paramagnetic-conjugated reagent.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds or fluorogenic probes which can be used as reagents for measuring, detecting and/or screening ROS or RNS such as peroxynitrite or hypochlorite. Provided also herein are methods that can be used to measure, directly or indirectly, the amount of peroxynitrite or hypochlorite in chemical samples and biological samples such as cells and tissues in living organisms. Specifically, the methods include the steps of contacting the fluorogenic probes disclosed herein with the samples to form one or more fluorescent compounds, and measuring fluorescence properties of the fluorescent compounds. Provided also herein are high-throughput screening fluorescent methods for detecting or screening peroxynitrite or compounds that can increase or decrease the level of peroxynitrite or hypochlorite in chemical and biological samples.

Abstract: The present invention relates to spiroketal compounds that are useful in methods of treating or preventing protozoal infections, parasitic infections, bacterial infections, cell proliferative disorders and anti inflammatory disorders. The spiroketal compounds are also useful as immunosuppressive agents, and also in methods of controlling pests.

Abstract: Methods are provided for inhibiting stenosis following vascular trauma or disease in a mammalian host, comprising administering to the host a therapeutically effective dosage of a therapeutic conjugate containing a vascular smooth muscle binding protein that associates in a specific manner with a cell surface of the vascular smooth muscle cell, coupled to a therapeutic agent dosage form that inhibits a cellular activity of the muscle cell. Methods are also provided for the direct and/or targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to vascular smooth muscle cells that cause a dilation and fixation of the vascular lumen by inhibiting smooth muscle cell contraction, thereby constituting a biological stent.

Abstract: The invention features salvinorin compositions that are selective for kappa opioid receptors; methods of treating mania by using a selective kappa receptor agonist; and methods of treating mood disorders, such as depressive disorders and manic disorders, using salvinorin compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an oral controlled release pharmaceutical formulation comprising water-soluble drug or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in a hydrophilic matrix system, further comprising pH independent polymers present in an amount of 5% to 90% w/w in combination with acid insoluble polymer present in an amount of 1% to 70% w/w and/or a diluent, a lubricant and/or a glidant.

Abstract: Genipin derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions thereof that inhibit the activity of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) and are useful in treating deficient first-phase insulin secretion, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and ischemia in a mammal are disclosed.

Abstract: Multilayer minitablets for oral administration of a combination of active pharmaceutical ingredients which release the active pharmaceutical ingredient at different release rates are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to non-psychoactive derivatives of tetrahydrocannabinol, which are useful in treating interstitial cystitis and relieving symptoms thereof. The invention uses (6aR,10aR)-?8-tetrahydrocannabinol-11-oic acids (hereinafter referred to as (6aR,10aR)-?8-THC-11-oic acid), as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the (6aR,10aR)-?8-THC-11-oic acids, for treatment of interstitial cystitis in a mammal. The invention further covers methods of formulating and administering the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions as therapeutic agents in the treatment of interstitial cystitis, with particularly preferred administration routes being oral and via intravesicular instillation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the treatment or prevention of fatigue associated with disordered sleep, for example, in multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, Fabry's disease, Parkinson's disease, or traumatic brain injury, using cyclobenzaprine The present invention further relates to a biomarker for the therapeutic effects of a cyclobenzaprine treatment.

Abstract: Water-soluble dimethyl amino ethyl ether psoralens useful in the treatment of proliferative skin disorders, microbial infections and diseases, disorders of the blood and bone marrow of mammals and in microbiocidal compositions for sterilization of blood and blood products and surgical implants and inhibition of microbial growth in industrial applications are provided.

Abstract: This invention discloses novel gamma secretase inhibitors of the formula: R2 and R3, or R2 and R4, or R3 and R4, together with the atoms to which they are bound, can form a fused cycloalkyl or fused heterocycloalkyl ring. The cycloalkyl ring or the heterocycloalkyl ring can be optionally substituted with one or more substitutents. One or more compounds of formula (I), or formulations comprising such compounds, may be useful, e.g. in treating Alzheimer's Disease.

Abstract: Compositions of matter comprising 5-phenoxyalkoxypsoralen compounds and their method of synthesis and use. The compounds are useable to treat diseases or disorders in human or animal subjects, including autoimmune diseases. The compounds inhibit potassium channels, including the Kv1.3 channel and at least some of the therapeutic effects of such compounds may be due at least in part to potassium channel inhibition. In some embodiments, the compounds are more selective for certain potassium channels (e.g., Kv1.3 channels) than other potassium channels (e.g., Kv1.5 channels).

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for a rapid and sustainable change in the pigment melanin content of melanocytes of the iris stroma, thereby to change the color of the eye. Also described are nanoparticle compositions for lightening the pigmented tissues or treating a pigmented tissue related disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides a therapeutic tool against intimal hyperplasia consisting of the use of Kv1.3 channel blocking substances, able to selectively stop cell migration and multiplication of VSMCs.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound represented by Formula (II): wherein R1 is a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group or an ethynyl group; Ar is a group represented by the following Formula (a), Formula (b), Formula (c) or Formula (d): wherein R2 is a C1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, a C1-6 alkoxy group which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, a C1-3 alkylthio group, a halogen atom, a C1-3 alkylcarbonyl group or a C2-5 alkynyl group which may be substituted with —OR4; R3 is a hydrogen atom or a C1-3 alkyl group; R4 is a hydrogen atom or a C1-3 alkyl group; provided that Ar is a group represented by Formula (a) when R1 is a fluorine atom, methyl group or an ethynyl group, and that R2 is methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an isopropyl group, a propyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group, 2-fluoroethyl group or 1-propynyl group when R1 is a methyl group or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof a