Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for modulating odor sensitivity, as well as screening methods for detecting compounds that modulate odor sensitivity.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition for promoting collagen production, and more specifically, provides a composition capable of promoting collagen production in human dermis. Further, the invention provides a method for promoting collagen production. The invention provides a composition for promoting collagen production containing a purine nucleic acid-related substance as an active ingredient as well as a composition for promoting collagen production containing a purine nucleic acid-related substance and a pyrimidine nucleic acid-related substance. The method for promoting collagen production of the invention comprises applying a purine nucleic acid-related substance alone or in combination with a pyrimidine nucleic acid-related substance to the skin.

Abstract: 2-adenosine C-pyrazole compounds having formula (a) and methods for using the compounds as A2A receptor agonists to stimulate mammalian coronary vasodilatation for therapeutic purposes and for purposes of imaging the heart.

Abstract: Compounds and compositions are provided for treatment, prevention, or amelioration of a variety of medical disorders associated with viral infections and/or cell proliferation. The compounds provided herein are obtained by attaching the phosphonate nucleoside of interest to alkyloxyalkyl-phosphate or alkyl-phosphate in a phosphate-phosphono anhydride linkage to provide a modified nucleoside phosphonate drug.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for the prophylaxis of blood cell disorders such as neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, and anaemia. The invention provides methods wherein compositions comprising at least one cytokinin compound are administered either therapeutically or prophylactically. The invention further has utility in methods of DNA repair.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for identifying a subject afflicted with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who is responsive to treatment with a chemotherapeutic agent by detecting the presence or absence of at least one APOE4 allele in the subject, the presence of an APOE4 allele identifying the subject as responsive to the treatment. Also provided are methods of treating a subject afflicted with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, including administering an estrogenic agent, an androgen withdrawal agent, an apoE4 peptide or mimetic thereof, and/or a chemotherapeutic agent in an amount effective to treat said chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Methods of determining a prognosis for a patient diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia are also provided. In addition, methods for stratifying a subject into a subgroup of a clinical trial and methods for identifying a patient in a clinical trial of a treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia are herein provided.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method of inducing an elevated level of adenosine in an individual by administering to said individual an effective amount of either i) recombinant protein CD73 or ii) a cytokine or another factor-being capable of inducing endothelial CD73 expression, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the invention concerns a method for prevention or treatment of a disease or disorder requiring or benefiting from the elevation of the adenosine level in an individual, such as inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, the invention concerns a method of up-regulating endothelial CD73 expression in an individual by administering to said individual an effective amount of a cytokine or another factor being capable of inducing endothelial CD73 expression, and to a method for prevention or treatment of a disease or disorder requiring or benefiting from up-regulating endothelial CD73 expression.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a means for durably exerting an action of enhancing collagen-production, and the object is attained by providing a collagen-production enhancer which contains, as an effective ingredient, ?,?-trehalose and/or a saccharide derivative thereof, and by a composition incorporated with the collagen-production enhancer to be used for such purpose.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a method of increasing cytosolic Ca2+ levels in mammalian cells comprising contacting P2X receptor Ca2+ entry channels or any and all other Ca2+ entry channels or mechanisms on the cell with an effective amount of a small molecule, and a composition comprising the small molecule in a delivery system. The invention has broad applicability in the pharmaceutical industry as a method of treating airway diseases (such as cystic fibrosis and asthma), ailments of the lung and airways (such as those caused by common cold pathogens or allergens in allergy), kidney diseases and renal hypertensive disorders (such as polycystic kidney disease and salt-sensitive hypertension syndromes), and endocrine disorders (such as diabetes).

Abstract: Novel compositions and methods are provided for identifying agents which affect chromosomal stability and aging.

Abstract: The invention relates to the therapeutic use of oligonucleotides as immunostimulatory agents in immunotherapy applications. More particularly, the invention provides immunomers for use in methods for generating an immune response or for treating a patient in need of immunostimulation. The immunomers of the invention comprise at least two oligonucleotides linked at their 3? ends, internucleoside linkages or functionalized nucleobase or sugar to a non-nucleotidic linker, at least one of the oligonucleotides being an immunostimulatory oligonucleotide and having an accessible 5? end.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds that are partial and full A1 adenosine receptor agonists having the structure of Formula I: which are useful for treating various disease states, in particular tachycardia and atrial flutter, angina, and myocardial infarction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of improving storage stability of reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, or a salt thereof, or ascorbic acid, an ascorbic acid derivative, or a salt thereof, which comprises allowing the substance to coexist with an L-arginine acidic amino acid salt, a composition containing the substance and an L-arginine acidic amino acid salt, a process for producing the composition, and a method of storing the substance in the presence of an L-arginine acidic amino acid salt.

Abstract: This invention relates to a medicament for protecting human mucosal cells from chemotherapy or radiotherapy induced cell death using formulations comprising adenosine or adenosine analogues as a reversible inhibitor of epithelial cell proliferation. The invention also relates to formulations containing adenosine for the prevention of or reduction in mucositis symptoms.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for the treatment of B-cell proliferative disorders that employ an A2A receptor agonist or one or more PDE inhibitors. The methods and compositions may further include an antiproliferative compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of enhancing the absorption of molecules across the airway epithelium, thereby enhancing the delivery of desired therapeutic or diagnostic agents across the airway epithelium via the systemic circulation to the target site of action. The method comprises administration of a formulation comprising a pharmaceutical composition comprising a synthetic or natural nucleoside diphosphate, nucleoside triphosphate, or dinucleoside polyphosphate, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Preferably the nucleotide is a P2Y receptor agonist which is administered at any time during treatment with a therapeutic or diagnostic agent. A preferred embodiment is a method of administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising a P2Y receptor agonist with enhanced resistance to extracellular hydrolysis, such as dinucleoside polyphosphate compounds.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of a host, and in particular, a human, infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is provided that includes administering an effective amount of a ?-L-nucleotide, optionally in combination therapy with other drugs for the treatment of HBV or human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV).

Abstract: Compositions useful in the treatment of skin atrophy and improvement of skin appearance and texture are disclosed. The methods include the topical administration of vitamin D3 or specific vitamin D3 analogs as an essential ingredient either on its own or in combination with cADPR and or nicotinamide. The compositions are particularly effective in preventing and treating signs of chronological and or photoaging including fine lines, wrinkles and discoloration.

Abstract: A compound is represented by Structural Formula A1: C—B-L-A??A1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. A is a prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand; L is an optionally substituted aliphatic or heteroaliphatic linking group; B includes at least one optionally substituted moiety selected from the group consisting of a sugar, a charged group, an aryl ring, and a heteroaryl ring, wherein B optionally includes a drug or a labeling agent; and C is H, a drug, or a labeling agent, wherein CB together comprises the drug or the labeling agent. The compounds are useful as PSMA agents and in pharmaceutical compositions, methods for treating and detecting diseases such as cancer in a subject, methods for identifying cancer cells in a sample, methods for inhibiting tumor neovascularization, methods for identifying drugs that can treat cancer, and the like.

Abstract: A hair growth promotor which is an ethanol or aqueous ethanol preparation comprising, as active ingredients for a hair growth promotor, (A) at least one compound selected from fatty acids having a chain length of an odd number of carbon atoms, the derivatives of the fatty acids, aliphatic alcohols having a chain length of an odd number of carbon atoms and the derivatives of the aliphatic alcohols and (B) at least one selected from 6-benzylaminopurine and/or the derivatives thereof represented by the following Formula (I), wherein it further comprises (C) at least one of polyglycerin fatty acid esters and (D) at least one of sorbitan fatty acid esters: in Formula (I), R1 and R2 are defined. The hair growth promotor can have an excellent hair growth effect and can provide an excellent stabilization effect at low temperature and can provide good feeling having no stickiness.

Abstract: Herein described are prodrugs activated by RNA-dependent DNA-polymerases, such as telomerase and retroviral reverse transcriptases, their use for the treatment of haematological tumours and of blood and blood derivatives from patients affected by retroviral infections, and their use for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions, to be used for the treatment of solid tumours, of precancerous states and of diseases caused by infection with retroviruses.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula (I) and salts thereof: R1-L-R2—B wherein R1, L, R2, and B have any of the values defined herein, as well as compositions comprising such compounds, and therapeutic methods comprising the administration of such compounds or salts. The compounds block siderophore production in bacteria and are useful as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: This invention provides novel 8-carbyl substituted Camps (adenosine 3?,5?-cyclic monophosphorothioate) and a novel procedures for the preparation of 8-Br-cAMP, a key starting material.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a regeneration promoter for regenerating a tissue with the use of somatic stem cells. It is also intended to provide a cell fusion promoter safely usable in vivo. Namely, it is intended to provide a cell fusion promoter comprising ATP or its metabolite. A cell fusion promoter comprising ATP or its metabolite and a method of producing fused cells in the presence of ATP or its metabolite. A medicinal composition for regenerating or improving the function of a tissue or an organ, which suffers from dysfunction or hypofunction due to injury or denaturation, by using stem cells. This composition comprises ATP or its metabolite and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: The present invention provides a P2Y12 receptor antagonist compound-eluting stent, wherein the stent is coated with one or more P2Y12 receptor antagonist compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof. When the stent is placed in a narrowed or damaged arterial vessel, a therapeutically effective amount of the P2Y12 receptor antagonist compound is eluted continuously from the stent to the local environment of the stent. The P2Y12 receptor antagonist compound-eluting stents are useful in preventing thrombosis and restenosis, and are effective in inhibiting the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibiting cell proliferation, and reducing inflammation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a molecular complex comprising arbutine, ascorbic acid, oleuropeina or its derivatives and related uses in medical field, for example for the treatment of the skin, mucosa and serosa, for the treatment of skin aging, cutaneous hyperpigmentation and skin diseases.

Abstract: A composition for the prevention or alleviation of pigmentation which can produce the higher effect of preventing or alleviating pigmentation. The composition for the prevention or alleviation of pigmentation comprises a combination of (A) at least one member selected from the group consisting of adenosine 5?-monophosphate and salts thereof with (B) at least one member selected from the group consisting of arbutin, ellagic acid, 4-alkylresorcinols, linoleic acid, tranexamic acid, salts of these, Chamomilla recuita extract, and Ubiquinone.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, compositions and methods for the treatment of liver disorders, including liver cancer and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and obesity. Specifically, compounds and compositions of nucleoside derivatives are disclosed, which can be administered either alone or in combination with other anti-cancer agents.

Abstract: Method for producing large lots of final sterile Poly-ICLC suitable for clinical use with reduced toxicity at effective dose levels, and method for using Poly-ICLC to regulate genes, and method for using Poly-ICLC to treat certain human and veterinary infectious, neoplastic and autoimmune disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mononucleoside phosphate compounds that have the benefits of a dinucleotide pharmaceutical. These mononucleoside phosphates can be made from a mononucleotide that has been modified by attaching a degradation-resistant substituent on the terminal phosphate of a polyphosphate mononucleotide. By attaching this degradation-resistant substituent, the stability from degradation matches or exceeds those of certain dinucleotides. The mononucleoside phosphate compounds of the present invention are useful in preventing and treating epithelial tissue diseases or diseases or disorders associated with platelet aggregation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a controlled release formulation comprising an therapeutically effective amount of pharmacologically active substance having high water solubility, at least one non-polymeric release retardant, and at least one pH independent non-swelling release retarding polymer. The said dosage form provides controlled release of the active agent with reduced initial burst release.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds, compositions and methods for treating hepatitis C virus infections.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of optimizing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity associated with 6-mercaptopurine drug treatment of an immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder such as inflammatory bowel disease. The method of the invention includes the step of determining the level of one or more 6-mercaptopurine metabolites in the patient having an immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder.

Abstract: The present invention provides a therapeutic method for treating biological diseases that includes the administration of an effective amount of a suitable antibiotic agent, antifungal agent or antiviral agent in conjunction with an A2A adenosine receptor agonist. If no anti-pathogenic agent is known the A2A agonist can be used alone to reduce inflammation, as may occur during infection with antibiotic resistant bacteria, or certain viruses such as those that cause SARS or Ebola. Optionally, the method includes administration of a type IV PDE inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of optimizing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity associated with 6-mercaptopurine drug treatment of an immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder such as inflammatory bowel disease. The method of the invention includes the step of determining the level of one or more 6-mercaptopurine metabolites in the patient having an immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds, compositions and methods for treating viral infections caused by a flaviviridae family virus, such as hepatitis C virus. Such compounds are represented by Formula IB as follows: and pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs and salts thereof, where R, R1, R13, R14, W, W2, W3, Y and Z are as defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of stimulating cervical and vaginal secretions in a mammal by treatment with P2Y2 and/or P2Y4 purinergic receptor agonists. Treatment of vaginal dryness associated with menopause, chemotherapy, and various disease states as well as the treatment of vulvar pain is discussed. Suitable agonists such as UTP, CTP, ATP, dinucleotides and analogs thereof are disclosed.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is specific lipidesters of halogenated nucleotides of the following formula wherein R1, R2, R3, X and Y are defined as described herein and salts thereof, said compounds have anti-cancer properties; pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, a method of synthesizing the compounds, and a method of using the compounds for treating malignant tumors.

Abstract: The invention is based on the observation that certain phenols, monophenols or benzenediols, can be metabolized into reactive quinones, in particular ortho-quinones and related reactive intermediates, which is brought about by oxidation of monophenols and benzenediols by proteins exhibiting tyrosinase activity, such as human tyrosinase and the related proteins TRP1 and TRP2. Although the substances and the produced reactive intermediates are toxic and can induce cell death, it is more relevant according to this invention that they function as haptens that become covalently bound to the tyrosinase enzymes, in particular to histidine moieties, in or near the catalytic site of proteins exhibiting tyrosinase activity, such as tyrosinase, TRP1 and TRP2. An immune response is then to be mounted against these haptenized auto-antigens, in order to treat melanocytic malignancies, in particular melanomas.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods of treatment with uridine-based and phosphoadenosine-based cofactors for the prevention and treatment of toxicity associated with compounds such as acetaminophen, which undergo Phase II glucuronidation and sulfonation in the liver. Uridine diphosphoglucose, phosphoadenosine-phosphosulfate, and their derivatives can be administered exogenously either to prevent their depletion in the liver during treatment with acetaminophen, or to replace depleted substrates of UDPGA-transferase or PAPS-transferase in order to treat an individual after a toxic dose of acetaminophen has been ingested.

Abstract: The invention relates to the therapeutic use of oligonucleotides as immunostimulatory agents in immunotherapy applications. More particularly, the invention provides immunomers for use in methods for generating an immune response or for treating a patient in need of immunostimulation. The immunomers of the invention comprise at least two oligonucleotides linked at their 3? ends, internucleoside linkages or functionalized nucleobase or sugar to a non-nucleotidic linker, at least one of the oligonucleotides being an immunostimulatory oligonucleotide and having an accessible 5? end.

Abstract: Novel compound having the following formula: wherein W represents a hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted C1-6 haloalkyl, Y represents a hydrogen, or a saccharide, Q represents a quinoline or isoquinoline. Also disclosed are a pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, methods for treating cancer using the same, and methods for the synthesis of the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a 4?-C-substituted-2-haloadenosine derivative represented by the following formula [I], [II], or [III]: (wherein X represents a halogen atom, R1 represents an ethynyl group or a cyano group, and R2 represents hydrogen, a phosphate residue, or a phosphate derivative residue). The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition containing the derivative and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor.

Abstract: Atomic coordinates for human phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator (PTPA) and ATP?S bound by PTPA, as well as methods for using these atomic coordinates to prepare ATPase inhibitors of PTPA and ATPase inhibitors prepared using such methods are provided herein. Comprehensive biochemical analyses of the interactions of PTPA with ATP and protein phosphatase 2A are also provided. Compositions including mimetics and small molecules of the invention and, optionally, secondary agents may be used to treat disorders in which PTPA ATPase activity plays a contributing role.

Abstract: Methods of treating, preventing or managing leukemias are disclosed. The methods encompass the administration of an immunomodulatory compound of the invention known as Revlimid® or lenalidomide. The invention further relates to methods of treatment using this compound with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, biological therapy or immunotherapy. Pharmaceutical compositions and single unit dosage forms suitable for use in the methods of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: The key obstacle for current resuscitation is the acutely limited time window. The major reason for the limited time window is that the brain and spinal cord are extremely vulnerable to hypoxic-ischemic insult. A method and a lymph-like fluid composition for resuscitation of cardiac arrest are provided. The method includes steps of inhibiting CSF production, removing CSF, replacing the CSF with invented lymph-like fluid composition plus conventional CPR. The lymph-like fluid composition includes polypeptides, insulin, elevated magnesium concentration and ATP in artificial CSF.

Abstract: The invention is a method for controlled regional reperfusion using ATP-MgCl2 after percutaneous coronary revascularization for acute myocardial infarction, the method comprising the step of administering an effective amount of ATP-MgCl2 to the step of administering an effective amount of ATP-MgCl2 to the infarct-related vessel(s), such as at a dosage level of at least 0.03 mg/kg/min. The method also includes a method for controlled regional reperfusion using ATP-MgCl2 after percutaneous coronary revascularization for acute myocardial infarction, the method comprising the steps of (a) performing cardiac catheterization and coronary angiogram; (b) identifying the infarct-related vessel; (c) performing a left ventriculogram and calculating the left ventricular ejection fraction; and (d) performing a percutaneous coronary intervention; and after percutaneous revascularization of the infarct related vessel, infusing ATP-MgCl2 intracoronary, preferably at a rate of at least 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a therapeutic method for treating an inflammatory response caused by autoimmune stimulation, comprising the administration to a patient in need thereof of an antiinflammatory amount amount of an A2A adenosine receptor agonist. The autoimmune stimulation can be caused by arthritis, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. Optionally, the method includes administration of a type IV PDE inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the systemic administration of Fosfluridine Tidoxil, (5-fluorouridine)-5?-phosphoric acid (3-dodecylmercapto-2-decyloxy)propylester or a salt thereof, for the treatment of intraepithelial proliferative diseases such as actinic keratosis. The Fosfluridine Tidoxil can be systemically administered alone or in combination with topical treatment agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides dinucleoside boranophosphate derivatives of the general formula I: wherein X and X? each independently is an unsubstituted or substituted purine or pyrimidine residue; Y and Y? each independently is H or OH; Z1 to Z5 each independently is O? or BH3?, but excluding the compounds wherein Z1 to Z5 are each O?; W1 to W4 each independently is O, CH2, NH or C(Halogen)2; n and n? each independently is 0 or 1; m is 3, 4 or 5; and M+ represents a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, and to pharmaceutical compositions thereof. These dinucleoside boranophosphates are useful for prevention or treatment of diseases or disorders modulated by P2Y receptors such as type 2 diabetes, cystic fibrosis and cancer.