Abstract: Nutritional compositions, formulations, and intermediates are provided which may be utilized to formulate various sweeteners and other products. The formulations described herein are made from constituents found in soils or fossilized soils.

Abstract: The objective of the invention is to provide a solution for tissue adhesion prevention and a method for tissue adhesion prevention that are applicable to general surgery and in which covering condition during surgery is stable and convenient. The invention is the solution for tissue adhesion prevention of which the active ingredient is trehalose. Also, it contains at least one or more among antioxidants, chelates, antiseptics, hemostatics, anti-inflammatory agents, and polysaccharides, mucopolysaccharides, salts of polysaccharides and salts of mucopolysaccharides having lubricating properties. This solution for tissue adhesion prevention is provided as any form of perfusion fluid, spray fluid, solution for spray or vaporization administration, foam-like aerosol preparation, injection solution for intravenous fluids, intravenous fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all geometric and stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, wherein A1, A2 and A3 are independently selected from the group consisting of CR3 and N; B1 B2 and B3 are independently selected from the group consisting of CR2 and N; Q is a phenyl ring or a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring, each ring optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkylthio, C1-C6 haloalkylthio, C1-C6 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C6 haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C6 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C6 haloalkylsulfonyl, —CN, —NO2, —N(R4)R5, —C(W)N(R4)R5, —C(O)OR5 and R8; or —S(O)2N(R21)R22, —S(O)pR25 or —S(O)(?NR28)R29; and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R8, R21, R22, R25, R28, R29; p and n are as defined in the disclosure.

Abstract: A method for improving bowel movement of a subject desiring such an improvement, includes administering to the subject a defructose anhydride (DFA) in an amount effective to improve bowel movement.

Abstract: A process for preparing parenteral iron-saccharidic complexes, and the complexes produced, comprising: (1) providing an aqueous solution or dispersion including (i) Fe(III) and (OH)? ions and (ii) at least one saccharide, to form a reaction mixture, where the molar ratio of (i): (ii) is about 30:1 to about 1:30; and the mixture temperature and pH are at or above the complex assembly point (CAP); and (2) maintaining temperature and pH at or above the CAP for a time sufficient to form an iron-saccharidic complex having a molecular weight of about 25,000 Daltons or more. Control of the temperature and pH efficiently produces a high molecular weight complex. The complex can be separated by precipitation, dialysis and/or column fractionation and, if desired, dried, e.g., lyophilized or spray dried. The process can controllably synthesize complexes of varying molecular weight and/or chemical composition, particularly sodium ferric gluconate and ferric hydroxide-sucrose.

Abstract: A contact lens care solution that includes a functionalized hydroxypropyl alkylglucoside. The functionalized hydroxypropyl alkylglucoside is typically in the form a mixture of various alkylglycosides because: (1) the functional reagents can react with any one or more of the many hydroxyl groups on the glycoside; and (2) the glycosides are present as a mixture of glycosides with a degree of polymerization from 1 to about 4. The solution will also include a buffer system to maintain the pH of the composition from 7.2 to 8.5. In particular, the solution can be formulated to clean and disinfect contact lenses or the solution is formulated as a rewet eye drop for use with contact lenses.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating and preventing a neurodegenerative disease associated with aberrant protein aggregation by modulating the expression and/or activity of XBP-1, IRE-1 alpha, and/or EDEM. The present invention also pertains to methods for identifying compounds that modulate the expression and/or activity of XBP-1, 1RE-1 alpha, and/or EDEM. The present invention further provides methods for determining whether a subject is at risk of developing or has developed a neurodegenerative disease associated with aberrant protein aggregation.

Abstract: An anthelmintic composition comprising two or more active agents, each agent being selected from a separate anthelmintically active family, the families being a macrocyclic lactone (ML), levamisole or its equivalent and a benzimidazole, in a suitable carrier, which includes at least one effective protective agent, which stabilises the chemical and physical activity of the ML, such as hydroxypropyl starch phosphate.

Abstract: Hypersulfated disaccharides with utility in asthma or asthma related disorders are disclosed. The compounds are formulated with agents that enhance the oral delivery of the hypersulfated disaccharides. The delivery agents are selected from the group consisting of natural or synthetic polymers having ionic side chains as well as other compounds or types of compounds that improve the bioavailability of the disaccharides relative to delivery of the drug without such agents. The hypersulfated disaccharides are made from heparin or salts thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing a polysaccharide sponge comprises the steps of (A) freezing a photoreactive polysaccharide solution, and (B) irradiating the frozen photoreactive polysaccharide solution with light to crosslink the photoreactive polysaccharide, thereby obtaining the polysaccharide sponge. The process includes simplified steps requiring no removal of solvent, and has such an advantage that impurities are easily removed therefrom.

Abstract: The novel active compound combinations comprising compounds of the formulae (I) and (II) have very good insecticidal and acaricidal properties.

Abstract: A method for treating immunological diseases and/or disorders associated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) in a subject in need thereof is disclosed. The method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) water extract or coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) shell extract through induction of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?) or interleukin-10 (IL-10) as endogenous immunosuppressive factors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing an adjuvant for agricultural applications, characterized in that a polyhydric alcohol, polyol, saccharide, or polysaccharide is reacted with a sulfonating agent, such as sulphamic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for determining a putative antibacterial, the methods comprising determining whether the putative antibacterial inhibits GlgE or Rv3032. The present invention also provides the antibacterial, the pharmaceutical composition and the method of making the antibacterial as well as a method of treating a subject infected with a bacterial comprising administration of the antibacterial.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oil-in-water emulsion comprising solvent (A), water (B), surfactant (C) and at least 2% by weight of pesticide (D) based on the emulsion, wherein the solvent comprises an aromatic hydrocarbon (a) and a ketone (b). Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of an oil-in-water emulsion by mixing solvent (A), water (B), surfactant (C) and at least 2% by weight of pesticide (D) based on the emulsion with one another. Further subject matter are an agrochemical formulation comprising the emulsion according to the invention and further adjuvants; a method of controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or undesired vegetation and/or undesired attack by insects or mites and/or for regulating the growth of plants; a method of controlling undesired attack by insects or mites on plants and/or of controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or of controlling undesired vegetation; and seed treated with an agrochemical formulation according to the invention.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide compositions for controlling a target pest including a first agent and a second agent comprising a pest control product or a signal cascade modulator, wherein the first agent and the second agent act synergistically to control the target pest. The first agent can be capable of interacting with a receptor in the target pest. The pest control product can have a first activity against the target pest when applied without the active agent and the compositions can have a second activity against the target pest; and the second activity can be greater than the first activity. Embodiments of the invention can include compositions that modulate the signal cascade initiated by the binding of ligands to, for example, cell surface receptors. Methods of screening such compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Sweet analgesics and compositions comprising a sweet analgesic and a delivery vehicle for reducing pain or discomfort associated with a medical procedure or treatment are disclosed. The sweet analgesic is administered or delivered to the intra-oral cavity of the patient prior to or during the medical procedure or treatment to increase the comfort of the patient. The sweet analgesic can be applied to a dental roll or pad and the roll or pad can be inserted between the cheek and gum of the patient to allow for the release of the sweet analgesic during the medical procedure or treatment. The dental roll or pad can be replaced as necessary to maintain the release of the sweet analgesic into the intra-oral cavity of the patient during the medical procedure or treatment.

Abstract: A method for imparting a teeth-desensitising effect to a food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical which comprises combining said food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical with a teeth-desensitising effective amount of a polyol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pesticidal mixtures comprising as active compounds 1) at least one isoaxazoline compound I of the formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and A are defined in the description; and 2) at least one active compound II selected from a group A comprising acteylcholine esterase inhibitors, GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, sodium channel modulators, nicotinic acteylcholine receptor agonists/antagonists, chloride channel activators, juvenile hormone mimics, compounds affecting the oxidative phosphorylation, inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis, moulting disruptors, inhibitors of the MET, voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, inhibitors of the lipid synthesis and other compounds as defined in the description, in synergistically effective amounts.

Abstract: A method of treating corneal inflammation in a subject includes administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a TLR4 antagonist.

Abstract: A method for treating wounds, comprising providing a dry powder mixture, which when partially hydrated, forms a gel having an osmotic pressure sufficient to achieve and maintain antiseptic conditions in hydrated portions of the gel, the gelled portion comprising a biocompatible polymer, the dry powder being readily wettable by wound secretions; and applying the dry powder to a wound having wound secretions in sufficient excess to produce a self-adherent gel cake having a dry powder surface. The administration may be repeated by administration of the dry powder while wound healing progresses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for isolating sialic acid containing oligosaccharides and in particular sialyllactose from a milk stream and especially from a whey stream. The process yields a product having a high content of sialyllactose and a low content of phosphorus compounds. This product is highly suitable to be included in infant foods.

Abstract: A method, computer-readable medium, and system for identifying compounds from chemical libraries that can be used for the therapeutic treatment of a disease or used as lead compounds in a drug development program. In particular, information from homologous proteins is used to predict, for a target protein, molecular functions that can be used to screen libraries of compounds for individual compounds that are predicted to have high binding affinities for the target protein.

Abstract: Novel synthetic gangliosides and pharmaceutical compositions containing such synthetic gangliosides are described. Methods of making the novel synthetic ganglioside compounds and compositions as well as their use in the field of neuroprotection is also described.

Abstract: Methods for using compositions comprising oligosaccharide aldonic acids for general care, as well as for treatment and prevention, of various cosmetic conditions and dermatological disorders, including those associated with intrinsic and/or extrinsic aging, as well as with changes or damage caused by extrinsic factors; general care, as well as treatment and prevention of diseases and conditions, of the oral, and vaginal mucosa; for general oral care, as well as treatment and prevention of oral and gum diseases; and for wound healing of the skin. Methods may comprise using compositions comprising oligosaccharide aldonic acids and additional cosmetic, pharmaceutical or other topical agents to enhance or create synergetic effects.

Abstract: The method for increasing lactose tolerance in subjects exhibiting lactose intolerance symptoms implements a protocol where the subjects ingest a gradually increasing amount of lactose containing product over a six week period. At various points during the six week period the subject ingests the lactose containing product once a day and then twice a day. The lactose containing product can be in liquid form, such as for example, milk, and is preferably in a powder form which is taken either by ingesting capsules having the lactose powder or in a granular form mixed with water or other non-lactose containing liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an oligosaccharide, in particular a non-digestible oligosaccharide, composition in the prevention or treatment of inflammation, in particular intestinal inflammation.

Abstract: A composition and method are described for sanitizing or otherwise treating a material such as a non-living surface, living tissue, soil or atmosphere which may be contaminated by a toxin, chemical warfare agent, insect, prion, microorganism or other infectious agent. Also described are methods of making the composition.

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical or dietetic product, which serves for reducing and/or blocking the adhesion of pathogenic substances and organisms to eucaryontic cells, in particular mammal cells. Said preparation contains at least one carbohydrate having an uronic acid unit on one of the ends thereof. 10 to 100% of the present, terminal uronic acid units pertaining to the carbohydrates are provided with a double bond that is especially situated between the C4 and C5 atom.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical formulations containing (i) an amphiphilic drug and (ii) a short-chain sphingolipid are described and provided herein along with methods of making and using same.

Abstract: The application describes treatment of hepatic encephalopathy using gastrointestinal specific antibiotics. One example of a gastrointestinal specific antibiotic is rifaximin. The instant application also provides methods for determining if a subject has a neurological condition or hepatic encephalopathy by determining the critical flicker frequency and/or the venous ammonia level of the subject at two or more time points. The invention further provides methods for treating these subjects.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for treating diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases, disorders or conditions comprising chemosensory receptor ligands. Also provided herein are chemosensory receptor ligand compositions and the preparation thereof for the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pesticide composition intended for protecting plants, crops or seeds against fungal diseases or insect damages, and the corresponding methods of protection by application of the said composition. More precisely, the subject of the present invention is a pesticide composition based on a tetrazolyloxime derivative and a fungicide or an insecticide active substance or compound.

Abstract: A formulation for generating an adhesion barrier that includes a plurality of particles or a dry powder that is made of a polymer combination of at least one biodegradable polymer and at least one water soluble polymer is disclosed. Methods of making and delivering the formulation are further disclosed. The formulation of particles is deposited on a surface of internal body tissue and the deposited formulation absorbs moisture from the tissue and forms a film over the surface. The film acts as an adhesion barrier by reducing or preventing adhesion of the surface to other body tissue.

Abstract: An external medicine for treating dermatitis wherein an adrenocortical steroid is included by a cyclodextrin; and 0.025 to 0.5% by weight of the adrenocortical steroid, 0.2 to 30% by weight of the cyclodextrin, and 0.5 to 55% by weight of dextran or pullulan are dissolved in an aqueous solution containing polysaccharide; and 0.5 to 55% by weight of xyloglucan, trehalose, laminaran, krestin, and pectin are blended. Grape sugar, mutan, lentinan, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride are comprised in the medicine. The medicine has a higher cure effect on atopic dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris.

Abstract: Oligosaccharides and oligosaccharides linked to backbones such as proteins, methods for making such oligosaccharides and methods for using them to treat and/or prevent various disorders are described.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions, pharmaceutical preparations and methods for inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) that are useful for the study and treatment of CFTR-mediated diseases and conditions. The compositions and pharmaceutical preparations of the invention may comprise one or more hydrazide-containing compounds, and may additionally comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients and/or adjuvants. The methods of the invention comprise, in certain embodiments, administering to a patient suffering from a CFTR-mediated disease or condition, an efficacious amount of a hydrazide-containing compound. In other embodiments the invention provides methods of inhibiting CFTR that comprise contacting cells in a subject with an effective amount of a hydrazide-containing compound.

Abstract: Novel synthetic glycosphingolipids and pharmaceutical compositions containing such synthetic glycosphingolipids are described. Methods of making the novel synthetic glycosphingolipid compounds and compositions as well as their use in the field of neuroprotection and cancer treatment is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to medicine and pharmacology, in particular to pharmaceutical compositions containing the following antimicrobial preparations: antibiotics and sulphanylamides combined with prebiotic in the form of a lactulose. The composition is used for preventing enteral dysbiosis arising during antibiotic therapy using the wide range of preparations. The inventive pharmaceutical composition contains antibiotic or a sulphanylamide preparation and lactulose, wherein the antibiotic particle size ranges from 20 to 160 mkm, the sulphanylamide preparation particle size ranges from 40 to 150 mkm and the lactulose has a particle size equal to or less than 0.3 mm and the purity of at least 97%, with the ratio of the antibiotic and lactulose ranging from 1:0.1 to 1:100, and the ratio of the sulphanylamide preparation and lactulose of 1:12, said composition being internally administered.

Abstract: An oil-in-water microemulsion is provided, which includes, on the basis of its total weight, the following components of A) 55-95 wt % of a water phase; B) 0.1-20 wt % of an oil phase, wherein the oil phase comprises at least one oil/fat component containing polyoxypropylene chains; and C) 1-25 wt % of an oil-in-water nonionic emulsifier, wherein the emulsifier is selected from the following group of: hydrophilic nonionic surfactants with polyoxyethylene chains as hydrophilic groups, polyglycerol fatty acid esters, polyglycerol fatty alcohol ethers, sucrose fatty acid esters, and hydrocarbyl polyglycosides. The oil-in-water microemulsion carries a large amount of oil. In addition, the use of an oil/fat containing polyoxypropylene chains is disclosed for increasing the amount of oil carried in an oil-in-water microemulsion.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the protection and repair of connective tissues. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of chondroitin sulfates and its derivatives in connective tissue protection and repair. The present inventors have found that unsaturated disaccharidic chondroitin sulfate can be used for the preparation of a composition to develop, protect and/or repair connective tissues. This allows it for example to treat or prevent osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, and/or the symptoms thereof as well as to treat or prevent signs of skin ageing such as the appearance of wrinkles effectively.

Abstract: Methods for stabilizing, maintaining the activity of and inhibiting growth of microorganisms in sunscreen preparations, anti-oxidant preparations and topical and oral pills and supplements by addition of at least one molecule chosen from nitroxides and nitrones and compositions produced thereby are provided.

Abstract: A vesicle according to the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a sucrose fatty acid diester and an acyl methyl taurate in an amount of 5 to 30 wt % relative to the diester and that the sucrose fatty acid diester is contained as a main component of membrane, and has excellent dispersion stability. Also the present invention includes a cosmetic comprising the vesicle and a lotion in which the vesicle is dispersed in a solvent containing alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel n-alkenyl glycosides and glycoconjugates, n-alkyl glycoamino acids, and methods for the synthesis thereof. In another aspect, the present invention provides novel clustered glycopeptides and methods for the synthesis thereof. In still another aspect, the present invention provides methods for the treatment of cancer, preferably for the prevention of recurrence of cancer, and methods for inducing antibodies in a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need, an effective amount of any of the inventive glycoconjugates as disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an autoclave-sterilized gel comprising sucralfate and at least 15% by weight of a humectant, relative to the total weight of gel, and having a pH of greater than or equal to 6, more particularly for use in a skin healing treatment by topical application.

Abstract: An isomalt-containing mixture including a) 60-97% by weight of agglomerated isomalt, b) 1-25% by weight of crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, c) 0.1-15% by weight of lubricant, d) 1-15% by weight of water-insoluble, film-forming polymers, e) 0-15% by weight of water-soluble polymers and f) 0-15% by weight of pharmaceutical auxiliaries, where the sum of components a) to f) is 100% by weight. Also processes for the preparation of the isomalt-containing mixture and tablets comprising the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antihuman TNF-? antibody activity lowering inhibitor comprising a protein source(s) and/or carbohydrate source(s), in the treatment of inflammatory bowel syndrome with repeated administration of anti-TNF-? antibody; and a kit preparation wherein a freeze-dried antihuman TNF-? antibody and the activity lowering inhibitor in the above repeated administration of the anti-TNF-? antibody are separately contained in a plastic container so that they can communicate with each other. According to the present invention, in the drug therapy to the patients with inflammatory bowel syndrome, therapeutic agents which inhibit the inflammation for long periods without accompanying serious side effects can be provided.

Abstract: A method for reducing body fat accumulation is provided that includes: providing a reducer of body fat accumulation, wherein the reducer comprises isomaltulose; having an individual ingest the reducer; and having the individual consume a carbohydrate having an ?-1,6-glucosyl bond ratio of from 0% to less than 50% relative to the total bonds among constituent saccharides, wherein the reducer is ingested before or after or simultaneous with consuming the carbohydrate, and wherein the reducer reduces the individual's body fat accumulation caused by consuming the carbohydrate. The reducer of body fat accumulation includes isomaltulose (PALATINOSE™) as an active ingredient so that when the reducer is ingested and a carbohydrate having an ?-1,6-glucosyl bond ratio of from 0% to less than 50% relative to the total bonds among constituent saccharides is consumed, accumulation of body fat resulting from ingesting the carbohydrate is reduced.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds and methods for inhibiting amyloid deposition in a subject, whatever its clinical setting, are described. Amyloid deposition is inhibited by the administration to a subject of an effective amount of a therapeutic compound comprising an anionic group and a carrier molecule, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, such that an interaction between an amyloidogenic protein and a basement membrane constituent is inhibited. Preferred anionic groups are sulfonates and sulfates. Preferred carrier molecules include carbohydrates, polymers, peptides, peptide derivatives, aliphatic groups, alicyclic groups, heterocyclic groups, aromatic groups and combinations thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain chirally-correct mitoprotectant phosphorylated heterocyclic agents [formula (I)], which are useful for the treatment of dermatological disorders that include challenged skin from cancer, diabetes, radiation treatments, chemotherapy, and sun-burn; mitochondrial dysfunction; age spots; acne, loss of cellular antioxidants; skin changes associated with aging including collagen loss, loss of skin pliability, loss of skin suppleness, skin wrinkles and fine lines, oxidation, damage from radiation, damage from free radicals, and damage from UV; dry skin; xerosis; ichthyosis; dandruff; brownish spots; keratoses; melasma; lentigines; liver spots; skin pigmentation including pigmented spots, dark circles under the eyes, darkened skin, and blemishes; oily skin; warts; eczema; pruritic skin; psoriasis; inflammatory dermatoses; topical inflammation; disturbed keratinization; scalp dryness; skin depigmentation, and combinations thereof;