Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for treating neuropathic pain and neuropsychiatric disorders by administering agents that are effective in reducing the effective amount, inactivating, and/or inhibiting the activity of a Na+—K+-2Cl? (NKCC) cotransporter. In certain embodiments, the Na+—K+-2Cl? co-transporter is NKCC1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and formulations for inhibiting, treating and preventing a malignant cell phenotype, cell, tumor and/or disease. Administration of nitric oxide mimetics, such as low doses, is sufficient to increase, restore or maintain nitric oxide-mediated signaling in cells so that malignant cell phenotypes, cells, tumors and/or diseases are inhibited or prevented. These methods and formulations are particularly useful in treating and preventing cancer in animals.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with the compounds of formula I: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, wherein R1-R5, A, B, Q, W, and X are defined in the detailed description and claims. In addition, the present invention relates to methods of manufacturing and using the compounds of formula I as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds. The compounds of formula I are antagonists at the CRTH2 receptor and may be useful in treating diseases and disorders associated with that receptor such as asthma.

Abstract: Disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising immediate release and sustained release formulations of 5-aminosalicylic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, and/or N-acetylcysteine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, for release in the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Abstract: Methods for treating diseases in humans and vertebrate animals are provided using competitive antagonists of cellular metabolites combined with a protective agent for protecting host cells from toxic effects of the drugs. Also provided are kits comprising competitive antagonists and suitable protective agents. In addition, screening methods for identifying competitive antagonists, protective agents and potentiating agents, for use according to the methods of the invention, are provided.

Abstract: The invention is for the combination and related methods of N-acetyl-cysteine oral, inhaled, or intravenous, or glutathione inhaled or intravenous, generally in combination with antibiotic and/or antiviral therapy to ameliorate the toxic effects of infection with materials used in Bioterror incidents such as Bacillus anthracis and smallpox virus, and alternatively, upon exposure to radiation, during testing, and vaccination, as treatment prior to treatment with antibiotic or antiviral therapy to ameliorate the toxic effects of infection and exposure with these organisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, and methods of use for a variety of therapeutically valuable uses including, but not limited to, treating obesity by inhibiting the activity of Glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT).

Abstract: The invention is directed to compounds of formula I: wherein Ar, r, R3, X, and R5-7 are as defined in the specification, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds of formula I have AT1 receptor antagonist activity and neprilysin inhibition activity. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds; methods of using such compounds; and a process and intermediates for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: A pest-combating composition including sodium lauryl sulfate and one or more of C6-12 fatty acids, preferably lauric and/or capric and/or caprylic acid, soy methyl ester, and 2-undecanone, and methods of combating pests utilizing same, are disclosed. The compositions can include a carrier oil such as silicon oil, soy methyl ester, or a vegetable oil, and can be in the form of an emulsion. The composition may be constituted as a spray composition, an aerosol, a lotion, a paste, or another compositional form. Pests that may be usefully combated with such composition include flying insects, including flies, mosquitoes, and wasps, ants, including arthropods such as fire ants, ticks, fleas, cockroaches, silver fish, thrips, gnats, aphids, Japanese beetles, and agricultural and horticultural arthropods and insects including beetles (potato and bean), flea beetles, fleahoppers, squash bugs, slugs, leaf hoppers, harlequin bugs, milk weed bugs, spiders, mites, lice, rodents, and deer.

Abstract: The present invention concerns compositions, methods and/or apparatus of central administration of various CNS-ac-Live agents. In particular embodiments, intrathecal administration is advantageous for decreasing the systemic concentrations of CNS agent, thereby decreasing side effect toxicity, while allowing more effective delivery of the agent to the site of action, simultaneously decreasing the dosage delivered to the subject. In particular embodiments, ICV delivery may be of use for patients who have previously proven to be refractory to systemic administration of CNS agents, in some cases due to systemic side effects, or for those patients whose symptoms are of sufficient severity to warrant more aggressive therapeutic intervention. ICV administration allows not only lower systemic concentration but also higher therapeutically effective concentration within the CNS.

Abstract: A feline pet food comprising a dietary level of protein and a supplemental amount of at least one amino acid in an amount sufficient to provide a feline lean body mass protection equivalent to about a 50% protein feline pet food.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds that are antagonists of PGD2 receptors. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions that include the compounds described herein, and methods of using such antagonists of PGD2 receptors, alone or in combination with other compounds, for treating respiratory, cardiovascular, and other PGD2-dependent or PGD2-mediated conditions or diseases.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds that are antagonists of PGD2 receptors. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments that include the compounds described herein that are antagonists of PGD2 receptors. Also described herein are methods of using such antagonists of PGD2 receptors, alone and in combination with other compounds, for treating respiratory, cardiovascular, and other PGD2-dependent or PGD2-mediated conditions or diseases.

Abstract: To provide a parakeratosis inhibitor, pore reducing agent and skin roughness preventing/ameliorating agent that exhibit capabilities of parakeratosis inhibition, pore reduction, skin roughness prevention/amelioration, etc., and further provide a skin preparation for external use having these capabilities. There are provide a parakeratosis inhibitor and a pore reducing agent each comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a glycine derivative, an aminodicarboxylic acid derivative, an acylaminodicarboxylic acid derivative, a pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid derivative, a piperidinecarboxylic acid derivative, a hexamethyleneiminecarboxylic acid, a beta-alanine derivative and salts of these derivatives.

Abstract: Nanoemulsions contain particles that comprise an outer shell layer containing at least one oil and a core portion containing at least one antioxidant and, optionally, other health-promoting compounds, wherein the nanoemulsions are relatively stable for prolonged periods without significant change in physical properties and are suitable for administering to humans and other mammals orally, topically, intravenously, transdermally, and subcutaneously.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for improving the pharmacokinetics of protease inhibitors and protease inhibitor precursors and pharmaceutical composition comprising protease inhibitors or protease inhibitor precursors of formula I and a cytochrome P450 monooxigenase inhibitor; when the compound of formula I comprises an amino group, pharmaceutically acceptable ammonium salts thereof, wherein R1 may be, for example, (HO)2P(O)—, (NaO)2P(O)—, alkyl-CO— or cycloalkyl-CO—, wherein X may be, for example, F, Cl, and Br, and wherein R2 and R3 are as defined herein.

Abstract: The use of lipoxin analogs for the treatment or prevention of asthma and asthma related diseases is described. In particular, acetylenic lipoxin analogs are effective for the treatment and prevention of eosinophil recruitment involved with the inflammation processes associated with asthma, asthma like conditions, and lung injuries associated from airway inflammation or infection as brought about by leukocyte-mediated injury from within.

Abstract: Substituted sulfonamide compounds corresponding to formula I pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, a process for preparing them, and the use of such compounds to treat or inhibit pain and other disorders or disease states.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for treating inflammation-associated tissue damage, and particularly transfusion-associated, disorders, by inhibiting or reducing E-selectin mediated signal transduction pathways, such as E-selectin mediated activation of ?M?2.

Abstract: Describe herein are medical foods, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of compounding them, and method of using them for the treatment of developmentally-based neuropsychiatric disorders including particularly autism, ADHD, and persistent developmental disorders. The medical foods and pharmaceutical compositions typically include a methylglycine compound or precursor compound and an acetylcysteine compound or precursor compound. These methylglycine and acetylcysteine compounds may be prepared for sustained release or delivery. In some variations, a method of treating a developmentally-based neuropsychiatric disorder includes first determining if a patient is at risk for such a disorder by examining either or both phenotypical and genotypical biomarkers. The biomarkers may be used to tailor the dose to be delivered by the medial food or pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for increasing lean muscle mass and/or reducing fat gain in growing animals by feeding the animals a composition having a total lysine to metabolizable energy ratio of from about 2.5 to about 6 g/Mcal and comprising (a) arginine in a total arginine to total lysine ratio of from about 1.1 to about 1.6; (b) isoleucine in a total isoleucine to total lysine ratio of from about 0.8 to about 1.3; (c) leucine in a total leucine to total lysine ratio of from about 1.8 to about 3.0; (d) valine in a total valine to total lysine ratio of from about 0.8 to about 1.4; and (e) methionine and cystine in a total methionine plus cystine to total lysine ratio of from about 0.8 to about 1.7.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds having formula (I): and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, wherein R1-R4, n, p, A, B, D, E, L and AR1 are as described generally and in classes and subclasses herein, and additionally provides pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods for the use thereof for the treatment of disorders mediated by the CD11/CD18 family of cellular adhesion molecules (e.g., LFA-1).

Abstract: Methods for treating or preventing an inflammatory response comprising administering an enantiomer or racemic mixture of methionine sulfoximine (MSO). The MSO may be L-methionine S-sulfoximine (LSMSO), L-methionine R-sulfoximine (LRMSO), or racemic mixture of LSMSO and LRMSO. Methods include those for treating liver failure associated with an inflammatory response.

Abstract: A composition is described that can be used in prevention or treatment of patients having impaired gastro-intestinal tract function. The composition comprises free amino acids including about 9.0% to about 17.0% glutamic acid. Methods of treatment of impaired gastro-intestinal tract function are described.

Abstract: Gamma-amino-butyric acid derivatives that are GABAB receptor ligands, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such derivatives, and methods of using such derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for treating diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to taurine or taurine-like substances for the prevention and treatment of a disease associated with retinal ganglion cell degeneration. More particularly the invention relates to a substance selected from the group consisting of taurine, a taurine precursor, a taurine metabolite, a taurine derivative, a taurine analog and a substance required for the taurine biosynthesis for the prevention and treatment of a disease associated with retinal ganglion cell degeneration.

Abstract: Nutritional or therapeutic compositions containing glutamic acid, cystine, glycine and a selenium precursor and methods for their utilization to increase glutathione synthesis and thereby enhance the immune system are described.

Abstract: The invention is for the combination and related methods of N-acetyl-cysteine oral, inhaled, or intravenous, or glutathione inhaled or intravenous, generally in combination with antibiotic and/or antiviral therapy to ameliorate the toxic effects of infection with materials used in Bioterror incidents such as Bacillus anthracis and smallpox virus, and alternatively, upon exposure to radiation, during testing, and vaccination, as treatment prior to treatment with antibiotic or antiviral therapy to ameliorate the toxic effects of infection and exposure with these organisms.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition and method for providing a reduction in side effects for human patients in need of therapy comprising the administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising acetylcysteine is disclosed.

Abstract: Articles of manufacturing, methods, devices and compositions for preventing or reducing tobacco-associated damage in a subject, and which utilize a metal ion chelating agent, a copper chelating agent, a penicillamine and/or a structural analog of penicillamine, with and without an additional antioxidant, are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and kits are described for treating or preventing amyloid-related disease.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds that are antagonists of PGD2 receptors. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions that include the compounds described herein, and methods of using such antagonists of PGD2 receptors, alone or in combination with other compounds, for treating respiratory, cardiovascular, and other PGD2-dependent or PGD2-mediated conditions or diseases.

Abstract: The invention herein generally relates to methods of treating a subject having an overweight or obese condition, and overweight- or obesity-related conditions. In one embodiment, the invention herein provides a method of treating a subject having overweight or obese condition involving administering to the subject in need thereof, an amount of a pharmaceutical composition including a MetAP-2 inhibitory compound, or a salt, ester, or prodrug thereof, effective to result in weight loss in the subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating a fatty acid synthesis related disease comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a PARP inhibitor or metabolite thereof to inhibit fatty acid synthesis, wherein the fatty acid synthesis related disease is obesity, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. The present invention also relates to a method of treating a cancer in a subject comprising: (i) identifying a level of fatty acid in a sample from the subject, and (ii) administering an effective amount of a PARP inhibitor or metabolite thereof to inhibit fatty acid synthesis in the subject, wherein the administration is based on the level of fatty acid, thereby treating the cancer in the subject. The present invention further relates to a method of treating Her-2 related cancers by administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a PARP inhibitor or metabolite thereof to inhibit fatty acid synthesis.

Abstract: Prodrug compounds which metabolize into 5-ASA or analogs thereof, and taurine or analogs thereof, in the colon site are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds, and methods of treatment using the compounds, are also disclosed. Such compounds have utility for treating or preventing gastrointestinal disorders, including colon cancer, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with novel sulfonamide derivatives of formula (I) wherein R2, R3, R4, A, X, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and Z1 are as defined in the description and in the claims, as well as physiologically acceptable salts and esters thereof. These compounds inhibit L-CPT1 and can be used as medicaments.

Abstract: There is provided compounds of formula I, wherein Y, ring A, D1, D2a, D2b, D3, L1, Y1, L3 and Y3 have meanings given in the description, and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, which compounds are useful in the treatment of diseases in which inhibition of leukotriene C4 synthase is desired and/or required, and particularly in the treatment of a respiratory disorder and/or inflammation.

Abstract: Small molecule inhibitors of Stat3 and their derivatives are disclosed. Also described are methods to inhibit cell growth by use of Stat3 inhibitors, and the use of Stat3 inhibitors for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer. Further, inhibitors of Stat3 that also do not inhibit Stat1 are described as well as their derivatives. Methods of screening additional compounds for Stat3 inhibition activity and/or non-inhibition of Stat1 activity are also described herein.

Abstract: Microbial growth inhibiting solutions and methods of employing the microbial growth inhibiting solutions in flushing and coating medical devices are disclosed. In alternative embodiments, the microbial growth inhibiting solutions include combinations of a chelating agent with a C4-C9 carboxylate antimicrobial agent, for example, such as n-octanoic acid. Methods of using these microbial growth inhibiting solutions for coating a medical device and for inhibiting catheter infection are also disclosed.

Abstract: Activation of HIV-1 replication causes oxidative stress, which in turn potentiates HIV-1 replication. The common basis for the compounds of the present invention is: A) the capacity of reactivating HIV-1 from latency, and B) the ability to counteract the cellular machinery which activates in order to limit the effects of oxidative stress. In this way, oxidative stress can be potentiated and a “chain reaction” is sparked. This “chain reaction” induces a more efficient reactivation of HIV-1 from latency and, in some cases, induces selective killing of the infected cells. Actions A) and B) can either be carried out by one drug exerting both effects, or obtained by the combined use of distinct drugs. There are two main cellular machineries counteracting oxidative stress, i.e. the thioredoxin (Trx) thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) system and glutathione. Herein, we present drug strategies capable of exerting action B) by blocking either of the two machineries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making asymmetrical bis(thiosemicarbazones), compounds useful as synthetic intermediates in the method, new bis(thiosemicarbazones) that can be readily accessed by use of the method and methods of treatment and imaging utilising some of the new bis(thiosemicarbazones).

Abstract: An object of the present invention to obtain a blood flow improving agent composed of natural components, which increase activity or circulation of blood flow and accelerate decomposition, detoxication and elimination of toxic substances and supplement each other, and the production method thereof. The blood flow improving agent of the present invention is prepared by blending a nano-colloidized marine organic compound, more than one of trace elements containing minerals extracted from a mineral ore and nano-colloidized plant minerals and amino acids derived from a fuvic acid in nano-bubble water containing dissolved oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds of general formula (I) which are thyroid receptor ligands and are preferably selective for the thyroid hormone receptor beta (TR-Beta). Further, the present invention relates to processes of preparing such compounds, their tautomeric forms, novel intermediates involved in their synthesis, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, methods for using such compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: Provided herein are organoselenium compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Also provided herein are methods of treatment, prevention, or amelioration of a variety of medical disorders using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions provided herein.

Abstract: Nitric Oxide (NO) acts as double-edged sword, which induces and prevents cell death, depending on various factors. The mechanism for the NO regulation of cells is not fully understood. The present invention provides experiment design methods and therapy design methods leveraging viable hypothesis supported by current research findings. This invention determines the effects of NO by controlling the majority parameters such as the steady-state concentration of NO, duration of NO exposure and the local level of oxygen. The experiment designs are structured to improve understanding of NO regulation of cells, and further can be directly adapted for therapy design. The invention directs these experiment design and therapy design methods to the study and treatment of cancer. In an application, the effects of exogenous NO on inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) expression and signal transduction in ovarian cancer is applied to drug discovery and therapy design for ovarian and other cancers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of controlling nematodes with salts of sulphur-containing compounds.

Abstract: There is provided compounds of formula (I), wherein ring A, D1, D2a, D2b, D3, Y, Y1, L3 and Y3 have meanings given in the description, and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, which compounds are useful in the treatment of diseases in which inhibition of leukotriene C4 synthase is desired and/or required, and particularly in the treatment of a respiratory disorder and/or inflammation.

Abstract: Provided herein are multimodal barrier materials useful for preventing adhesions in a subject, which may include a collagen, a collagen deposition inhibitor and/or a chitosan.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antibodies and related molecules that immunospecifically bind to B Lymphocyte Stimulator. The present invention also relates to methods and compositions for detecting or diagnosing a disease or disorder associated with aberrant B Lymphocyte Stimulator expression or inappropriate function of B Lymphocyte Stimulator comprising antibodies or fragments or variants thereof or related molecules that immunospecifically bind to B Lymphocyte Stimulator. The present invention further relates to methods and compositions for preventing, treating or ameliorating a disease or disorder associated with aberrant B Lymphocyte Stimulator expression or inappropriate B Lymphocyte Stimulator function comprising administering to an animal an effective amount of one or more antibodies or fragments or variants thereof or related molecules that immunospecifically bind to B Lymphocyte Stimulator.

Abstract: A composition is described that can be used in prevention or treatment of patients having impaired gastro-intestinal tract function. The composition comprises free amino acids including about 9.0% to about 17.0% glutamic acid. Methods of treatment of impaired gastro-intestinal tract function are described.