Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for treating hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and for optimizing and adjusting nitrogen scavenging drug dosage for subjects with HE.

Abstract: Uric acid in mammalian subjects is reduced and excretion of uric acid is increased by administering a compound of Formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The uric acid-lowering effects of the compounds of this invention are used to treat or prevent a variety of conditions including gout, hyperuricemia, elevated levels of uric acid that do not meet the levels customarily justifying a diagnosis of hyperuricemia, renal dysfunction, kidney stones, cardiovascular disease, risk for developing cardiovascular disease, tumor-lysis syndrome, cognitive impairment, early-onset essential hypertension, and Plasmodium falciparum-induced inflammation. R1 is hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. R2 is alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, alkoxy having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, hydroxy, nitro, halo, thio, alkylthio, or cyano. R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, perfluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, perfluoromethoxy, halo, hydroxy, nitro, or amino.

Abstract: Novel polymorphic forms and salts of 1-(3?,4?-dichloro-2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid are useful for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a taste masked and directly compressed ibuprofen chewable tablet comprising therapeutically effective amount of ibuprofen having average particle size between 250 ?m and 400 ?m, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: Suggested is a non-therapeutic aqueous composition for topical application, comprising (a) at least one solid active agent having at 20° C. a solubility in water (20° dH) of less than 5 g/L; (b) at least one 1,2-alkandiol having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; and (c) at least one aliphatic alcohol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present specification discloses pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparing such pharmaceutical compositions, and methods and uses of treating a chronic inflammation and/or an inflammatory disease in an individual using such pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: A high concentration baclofen solution is provided suitable for therapeutic use in a medical setting. A high concentration solution of baclofen in multivalent physiological ion solution such as artificial cerebrospinal fluid is provided with concentrations of baclofen of 10 mg/ml. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid is particularly advantageous as a baclofen solvent. A medical package is also provided for baclofen delivery to patients suffering from spasticity.

Abstract: The present specification discloses pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparing such pharmaceutical compositions, and methods and uses of treating a chronic inflammation and/or an inflammatory disease in an individual using such pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of treatment and prevention of conditions related to oxidative stress and hormone resistance. Preferably, insulin resistance, erythropoietin resistance and acetyl-choline resistance are in the focus. The invention also relates to the field of use of amino acids, in particular p-L-Tyrosine and a precursor thereof as a medicament or composition or formulation in the prevention or treatment of said conditions.

Abstract: A excipient drug composition is disclosed. The excipient drug composition may include a vegetable cellulose or a fruit cellulose, an active ingredient and a genetically modified organism free starch. The vegetable cellulose or fruit cellulose may be derived from wood free vegetable pulp and the fruit cellulose is a wood pulp free cellulose. The genetically modified organism free starch may be selected from the group consisting of a genetically modified organism free rice starch, a genetically modified organism free potato starch or a genetically modified organism free pea starch.

Abstract: Protein preparations containing biologically active compounds and the application of the protein preparations obtained, particularly as a component of medicinal and cosmetic preparations as protective substances or in the regeneration of cells and tissues of the human organism, and which can comprise a component of culture media for dermal or hepatic tissues, or for stem cells destined for use in the regeneration of cells and tissues in the human organism.

Abstract: A drug delivery system for the controlled release of a pharmaceutically-active compound by oral route comprises an intercalate of a layered double hydroxide having, before intercalation, layers of metal hydroxides, and having intercalated therein a pharmaceutically-active compound having at least one anionic group. A preferred layered double hydroxide is one that has layers which comprise [LiAl2(OH)6]+. The drug delivery system has use in the delivery of drugs such as 4-biphenylacetic acid, Diclofenac, Gemfibrozil, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, 2-Propylpentanoic acid and Tolfenamic acid.

Abstract: Compounds and related methods as can be used for selective mevalonate pathway inhibitors.

Abstract: The current invention discloses novel methods for the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthesis (iNOS) and the production of NO. Methods of inhibiting the induction of proinflammatory cytokines are also described. Methods of treating various disease states, such as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and septic shock using inhibitors of iNOS and cytokine induction are disclosed. The inhibitors include the exemplary compounds lovastatin, a sodium salt of phenylacetic acid (NaPA), FPT inhibitor II, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and cAMP.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for reducing the frequency of urination are disclosed. One method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an analgesic agent formulated in a delayed-release formulation. Another method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising multiple active ingredients. Yet another method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a diuretic followed with another administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an analgesic agent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition including N-Coumaroyldopamine and a catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor for promoting weight loss in a user.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are materials, means and methods for sustained release of therapeutic agents for topical treatments. In particular, disclosed are means and methods for topical treatment of diseases of internal body cavities by embedding therapeutic agents in a slowly degrading biocompatible mixture applied to affected tissue.

Abstract: A topical pharmaceutical gel includes flurbiprofen or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of flurbiprofen, thiocolchicoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of thiocolchicoside, and menthol. Pharmaceutical combinations of flurbiprofen, thiocolchicoside, and menthol in the form of topical gels with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and myorelaxant activities are described.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for reducing the frequency of urination are disclosed. One method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an analgesic agent formulated in an extended-release formulation. Another method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising multiple active ingredients formulated for extended-release. Yet another method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a diuretic followed with another administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an analgesic agent formulated for extended-release.

Abstract: A topical composition, specifically an oil-in-water emulsion, comprised of ketoprofen and oxybenzone in a physiologically acceptable topical carrier. The composition is applied topically to alleviate pain, especially pain associated with migraine headache. The composition has good photostability as well as freeze/thaw stability.

Abstract: Low melting propionic acid derivative particles that are free flowing and have significantly reduced or eliminated throat burn are disclosed. A method of manufacturing the low melting propionic acid derivative particles; dosage forms containing the low melting propionic acid derivative particles; methods of manufacturing the dosage forms; and methods of treatment using the dosage forms are also disclosed.

Abstract: Polymeric matrices for the controlled release of medicaments for the topical transdermal use comprising copolymers of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid or esters thereof having a Tg lower than 0.degree. C., whose free carboxy groups are salified with compatible organic or inorganic bases. The matrices of the invention allow to prepare therapeutical systems for the controlled-release of active principles through the transdermal route, thus solving stability, solubility and/or bioavailability problems of the active ingredient within the matrix.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains generally to spheres made from a fiber source. These spheres may be used as cores for carrying other ingredients or may be used alone for applications in the food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, personal care, and industrial industries. In many embodiments the ingredients used in this invention are derived from a natural resource, and are safe to ingest. In some embodiments, the spheres are formed using a centrifugal tumbling-granulating-coating apparatus.

Abstract: Low melting propionic acid derivative particles that are free flowing and have significantly reduced or eliminated throat burn are disclosed. A method of manufacturing the low melting propionic acid derivative particles; dosage forms containing the low melting propionic acid derivative particles; methods of manufacturing the dosage forms; and methods of treatment using the dosage forms are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses 4-nerolidylcatechol and its derivatives isolated from South American/Amazon plants (Pothomorphe species) and their potential use as therapeutical agent for treatment of malarial symptoms, including malarial patients resistant to traditional drugs. The present invention also discloses a method for producing 4-nerolidylcatechol and their derivatives.

Abstract: Novel polymorphic forms and salts of 1-(3?,4?-dichloro-2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid are useful for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Abstract: A combination pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of pain including about 125 mg to about 150 mg ibuprofen and about 475 mg to about 500 mg paracetamol.

Abstract: A transdermal delivery kit that enhances the efficacy of a topical drug includes at least one drug dispensing device, a lipophilic base, a hydrophilic base, a lipid-soluble active ingredient, a water-soluble active ingredient, a first container for mixing the lipophilic base with the lipid-soluble active ingredient to form a first compound, a second container for mixing the hydrophilic base with the water-soluble active ingredient to form a second compound, a mixing member, and instructions for compounding the lipophilic base with the lipid-soluble active ingredient to form the first compound, compounding the hydrophilic base with the water-soluble active ingredient to form the second compound, and mixing the first compound and the second compound to form a transdermal pharmaceutical delivery system capable of delivering a drug to the dermal layer of the skin.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the transdermal delivery of various compositions. In some aspects, the transdermal delivery may be facilitated by the use of a hostile biophysical environment. One set of embodiments provides a composition for topical delivery comprising ibuprofen and/or an ibuprofen salt, a nitric oxide donor, and optionally, a hostile biophysical environment. In some cases, the composition may be stabilized using a stabilization polymer such as xanthan gum, KELTROL® BT and/or KELTROL® RD; propylene glycol; and a polysorbate surfactant such as Polysorbate 20, which unexpectedly provides temperature stability to the composition, e.g., at elevated temperatures such as at least 40° C. (at least about 104° F.), as compared to compositions lacking one or more of these.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical formulation of ketoprofen sodium salts in a hydrophilic solvent system suitable as a liquid fill composition. In another aspect, the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation and the use of the formulation for treating inflammatory pains.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid preparation of the present invention containing 2-amino-3-(4-bromobenzoyl)phenylacetic acid or its pharmacologically acceptable salt or a hydrate thereof, an alkyl aryl polyether alcohol type polymer such as tyloxapol, or a polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester such as polyethylene glycol monostearate is stable. Since even in the case where a preservative is incorporated into said aqueous liquid preparation, the preservative exhibits a sufficient preservative effect for a long time, said aqueous liquid preparation in the form of an eye drop is useful for the treatment of blepharitis, conjunctivitis, scleritis, and postoperative inflammation. Also, the aqueous liquid preparation of the present invention in the form of a nasal drop is useful for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and inflammatory rhinitis (e.g. chronic rhinitis, hypertrophic rhinitis, nasal polyp, etc.).

Abstract: Acrylamido derivatives useful as therapeutic agents, particularly for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases and conditions associated with the activity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), such as the diseases characterized by ischemia/reperfusion, oxidative or degenerative tissue damage, are herein described. These compounds belong to the structural formula (I) wherein R, R?, R?, W and a are as defined in the specification. The invention also relates to the preparation of these compounds, as well as to pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the transdermal delivery of substances and, in some embodiments, to the transdermal delivery of beneficial substances by a hostile biophysical environment. In one aspect, various methods for the transdermal delivery of beneficial substances are disclosed. By creating a hostile biophysical environment, beneficial substances may be delivered, according to certain embodiments, through the stratum corneum of the skin into the body. Beneficial substances include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutical agents, drugs, vitamins, co-factors, peptides, dietary supplements, and others. The beneficial effects disclosed include, for instance, relief of pain and inflammation, prevention and healing of ulcers of the skin, relief of headache, improved sexual function and enjoyment, growth of hair on the scalp, improving muscle size and/or function, removing body fat and/or cellulite, treating cancer, treating viral infections and others.

Abstract: Tetrasubstituted benzenes that act as modulators of gamma secretase and their use in the treatment of one or more symptoms of treating neurodegenerative disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease, are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides aryl- or heteroaryl-diketo acid compounds effective to inhibit an activity of a Mycobacterial malate synthase enzyme or to inhibit a malate synthase activity in other bacteria having the enzyme. The compounds may be phenyl- naphthyl-, or thienyl-substituted diketo acids and carboxylate derivatives thereof. Also provided are methods of treating tuberculosis or other pathophysiological conditions associated with a malate synthase enzyme with the inhibitory compounds and methods of in silico design of the inhibitory compounds. In addition, the present invention provides the inhibitory compounds designed by this method. Furthermore, three-dimensional X-ray crystal structures of the Mycobacterial malate synthase complexed with the inhibitory compounds are provided. Further still a method for stabilizing an aromatic or heteroaromatic diketo acid or its prodrug or close analog in solution by derivatizing at least the ortho position on the aromatic ring is provided.

Abstract: A method for producing drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles, which includes the steps of: (a) preparing a first solution by dissolving a drug in a polymerizable monomer; (b) preparing a micellar solution by dissolving a surfactant and a water-soluble radical initiator in water; (c) adding said first solution to said micellar solution for polymerizing said polymerizable monomer, obtaining a dispersion of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles, the drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles have a controlled size with average diameter smaller than 50 nm; and (d) evaporating residual polymerizable monomer from the dispersion of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing particles with a length-width ratio of less than about 1.4 from a pharmaceutical substance, which method includes the following stages, that is: (a) provision of a melt of the pharmaceutical substance; (b) production of droplets of the melt by spraying into a processing chamber; (c) repeated guiding of solid particles past sprayed droplets in the processing chamber with the aid of a process gas jet which is guided in a defined way and whose temperature is fixed, depending on the solidification point of the melt, so that at least some of the droplets come into contact with particles and solidify thereon; (d) removal of particles from the processing chamber as a function of the particle size. The invention further relates to particles of pharmaceutical substances and the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the transdermal delivery of various compositions. In some aspects, the transdermal delivery may be facilitated by the use of a hostile biophysical environment. One set of embodiments provides a composition for topical delivery comprising ibuprofen and/or an ibuprofen salt, a nitric oxide donor, and optionally, a hostile biophysical environment. In some cases, the composition may be stabilized using a stabilization polymer such as xanthan gum, KELTROL® BT and/or KELTROL® RD; propylene glycol; and a polysorbate surfactant such as Polysorbate 20, which unexpectedly provides temperature stability to the composition, e.g., at elevated temperatures such as at least 40° C. (at least about 104° F.), as compared to compositions lacking one or more of these.

Abstract: Provided are bioactive compositions and metabolites derived from Bacillus and particularly Bacillus megaterium cultures responsible for controlling pests as well as their methods of use for controlling pests. Further provided are pesticidal Bacillus megaterium strains.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention is directed to an oral antioxidant composition including between 0.0001% and 5.0% w/w antioxidant, wherein the antioxidant includes cinnamic acid derivative, tetrahydrocurcuminoids, or phloretin and an orally pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The composition may have a pH of at least 5.0. According to still further embodiments, the composition may also include between 0.0001% and 5.0% w/w of one or two more additional antioxidants that include cinnamic acid derivative, tetrahydrcurcuminoids, phloretin, or a stilbene derivative. In more particular embodiments, the cinnamic acid derivative may include trans-ferulic acid, the tetrahydrocurcuminoids may include tetrahydrcurcuminoids CG™, or the stilbene derivative may include resveratrol. Other embodiments may relate to methods of treating or preventing an oral disease by applying topically an antioxidant composition as described above.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to nanoparticulate active agent compositions comprising lysozyme as a surface stabilizer. Also encompassed by the invention are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a nanoparticulate active agent composition of the invention and methods of making and using such nanoparticulate and pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: This invention provides biodegradable, sustained-release pharmaceutical compositions of non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) formulated with biocompatible, biodegradable tyrosine-derived polyarylates. The compositions are particularly suitable for localized delivery of NSAIDs for various disease states. For example, implantation of the compositions at the site of surgery leads to relatively high local concentrations of the NSAID to reduce or alleviate post-surgical pain. Long term zero order release of certain NSAIDs can also be provided by with certain polymer formulations.

Abstract: A composition comprising a core material, having a taste value and a polymeric coating. The polymeric coating substantially surrounds the core material and comprises a cationic polymer and optionally an anionic polymer. The polymeric coating has a uniform thickness ranging from 2 ?m to 20 ?m. The composition provides release of a portion of the core material which is taste masked over a time period ranging from 0.5 minute to 2 minutes in the oral cavity and provides a modified-release of the remaining core material in a gastrointestinal tract.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the transdermal delivery of various compounds. In some aspects, transdermal delivery may be facilitated by the use of a hostile biophysical environment. One set of embodiments provides a composition for topical delivery comprising an H1 antihistamine and/or a salt thereof, and optionally, a hostile biophysical environment and/or a nitric oxide donor. In some cases, the composition may be stabilized using a combination of a stabilization polymer (such as xanthan gum, KELTROL® BT and/or KELTROL® RD), propylene glycol, and a polysorbate surfactant such as Polysorbate 20, which combination unexpectedly provides temperature stability to the composition, e.g., at elevated temperatures such as at least 40° C. (at least about 104° F.), as compared to compositions lacking one or more of these.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a molecular signature of cutaneous pigmentary spots, comprising the genes MXRA5, LYZ, CTSL2, PLAU, TIMP1, EFEMP1, ECM1, ASPN, HS3ST6, PAPLN, CHSY1 and FLRT2, and various applications of this signature. In particular, the invention concerns a method for characterizing a known or suspected pigmentary spot in a human being, comprising comparing the levels of expression in skin samples obtained from said spot and from adjacent undamaged skin, of at least one dermal gene linked to matrix remodelling or to its extracellular proteoglycan and glycoprotein components, selected from the list constituted by the genes MXRA5, LYZ, CTSL2, PLAU, TIMP1, EFEMP1, ECM1, ASPN, HS3ST6, PAPLN, CHSY1 and FLRT2. The invention also concerns methods for evaluating the efficacy of a pigmentary spot treatment, cosmetic and therapeutic methods for the treatment of pigmentary spots, and various modulators for said genes, and their use.

Abstract: An ingestible particulate composition including at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol, amylmetacresol, cetylpyridinium chloride, hexitidine, hexylresorcinol, flurbiprofen, lidocaine, benzocaine, ibuprofen, paracetamol, pectin, menthol, and benzydamine and one or more bioadhesive materials. Resulting particulate compositions have excellent flow characteristics, dust suppression, organoleptic properties and stability. They are highly suitable for administration direction into a patient's mouth, and ingested to alleviate the symptoms of a sore throat.

Abstract: The purpose of present invention is to provide a medicine which has low contamination with a fine-pulverizing medium, is safe and has improved bioavailability. A method for producing a composite organic compound powder for medical use is used which comprises: mixing a poorly water-soluble and crystalline organic compound powder, a physiologically acceptable salt, a physiologically acceptable polyol, and a carboxyvinyl polymer and fine-pulverizing the organic compound powder; and removing at least the salt and the polyol during or after fine-pulverizing.

Abstract: A medicament tablet containing paracetamol (acetaminophen) as the (or an) active ingredient, and an encapsulated flavorant. The tablet may be swallowed in tablet form or may be dissolved or dispersed in water to form a palatable drink.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, their use in the treatment or the prevention of viral disorders, including HIV.

Abstract: The current invention is directed to methods of inducing the negative chemotaxis of a migratory cell comprising contacting the cell with a compound selected from the group consisting of idebenone, benazepril, rolipram, moxonidine, lamivudine, loxoprofen, terbinafine, synephrine, 6-aminoindazole, and a Vitamin D analog, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of thereof.