Abstract: The present invention relates to oxaloacetate compounds that activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), including the preparation of the compounds, compositions containing the compounds, preserving said compounds and the use of the compounds in the prevention or treatment of disorders such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of oxaloacetate in the treatment of ischaemia. The invention provides quantities that are therapeutically effective for the treatment of disorders associated with high levels of glutamate in brain tissue, such as, for example, cerebral ischaemia. In addition, the compositions of the invention are suitable for bolus-type delivery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inhibiting the induction of cell death by inhibiting the synthesis or secretion of AGE-albumin in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, to an AGE-albumin synthesis inhibitor, and to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the AGE-albumin synthesis inhibitor for preventing or treating degenerative disease and autoimmune disease. The AGE-albumin of the present invention is synthesized and secreted in human microglia or human macrophages in an Alzheimer's model, stroke model, Parkinson's disease model and rheumatoid arthritis model. The AGE-albumin synthesis and secretion are caused by oxidative stress. The expression of RAGE increases in first-order human neurons or cartilage cells to which AGE-albumin is administered, whereupon a MAPK signaling pathway is activated and the expression of Bax increases to induce an increase in calcium in mitochondria, thus finally inducing cell death.

Abstract: An acetic acid- and/or acetate salt-free iron metabolism-improving agent that contains citric acid and/or a citrate salt as electrolytes and also contains another/other electrolyte/electrolytes and glucose solely or in combination is provided. The iron metabolism-improving agent can be formulated into a dialysate and/or a substitution fluid. A method for improving internal iron metabolism and a blood purification method including hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration in a chronic renal failure patient employing the dialysate and/or the substitution fluid are further provided.

Abstract: Antiseptic compounds that act as persistent and fast acting antiseptics and disinfectants. The base of these antiseptic actions is CaF2 as the persistent part, preventing the colonization of tissue and nonliving surfaces with microorganisms through the targeted on-demand release of fluorine ions. For fighting heavy contamination and invasion of transient microbes through new application of the solution, fast acting alcohols and toxic solutions have been added in small percentage. They act fast and evaporate fast, leaving the natural protection of skin undamaged and coated with a persistent antiseptic.

Abstract: Provided is a composition including, as an active ingredient, at least one selected from the group consisting of amines, amides and polyols. The cosmetic composition has an effect of preventing aging and may be applied in various industrial fields, including cosmetics.

Abstract: The use of malachite green in the form of a tetramethyldiamino-triphenyl-carbinol anhydro-oxalate [(C23H25N2)—(C2HO4)]2—C2H2O4 of the following structural formula as a drug for treating malignant neoplasms administered in a single dose of 1 to 2 g. Malachite green can be used when dissolved in an aqueous solution or in a physiological salt solution or in spirit. In different cases, the malachite green solution is perorally administered before and after a meal or is injected per rectum, or a 1% malachite green solution is intravenously introduced, or the malachite green is applied as a rectal suppository component or as a component of 1-5% ointment. The medicinal agent exhibits an extended range of therapeutic actions with respect to different oncological diseases, is freely available, not expensive, non-toxic, does not generate side effects when used in pharmaceutically acceptable doses, and makes it possible to reduce a treating time and to increase the efficiency of treatment.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of inhibiting aconitase activity of fungal cells in an individual, the method comprising administering an inhibitor of aconitase activity to the fungal cell in an amount effective to inhibit activity of aconitase by said fungal cells.

Abstract: The present invention is about a bioactive composition for the treatment of HIV, particularly by the removal of the most prominent HIV antigen glycoproteins. The present invention further relates to the method for making and using such composition.

Abstract: Provided herein are novel solid state forms of tapentadol salts, process for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions, and method of treating thereof. The tapentadol salts include an L-(?)-camphorsulfonate salt, a dibenzoyl-(L)-tartrate salt, a dibenzoyl-(D)-tartrate salt, a malate salt, a maleate salt, or a salicylate salt.

Abstract: The present invention constitutes dialysate formulations that are suitable for use in preparing dialysate solutions for use in batch and/or proportioning systems and for improving dialysis efficiency by reducing or preventing clotting of the dialysis flow paths. The dialysate chemical formulations for one batch of dialysate comprise an acid concentrate stored in a first vessel, and a citrate-containing bicarbonate concentrate stored in a second vessel. The contents of the first and second vessels are emptied into a dialysate preparation tank and mixed with water to form a batch quantity of dialysate solution. Alternately, a dry acid and/or a dry citrate-containing base concentrates are dissolved separately in measured quantities of water to form liquid concentrates which are then used in conjunction with a proportioning machine to generate on-line a final dialysis solution stream.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the signaling pathway involved erythroid repression by iron deficiency. Further disclosed is anon-toxic small-molecule compound which potently reverses the erythroid repression caused by iron deficiency. The present invention further encompasses novel compounds for inhibition of red cell production, useful, for example, in the treatment of polycythemia vera, a malignancy causing uncontrolled red cell production. These inhibitory compounds also promote megakaryocytic lineage commitment and may therefore be useful for augmentation of platelet production. The present invention further discloses isocitrate reversal of iron deprivation.

Abstract: Alterations of certain metabolite concentrations and fluxes that occur in response to viral infection are described. Host cell enzymes in the involved metabolic pathways are selected as targets for intervention; i.e., to restore metabolic flux to disadvantage viral replication, or to further derange metabolic flux resulting in “suicide” of viral-infected cells (but not uninfected cells) in order to limit viral propagation. While any of the enzymes in the relevant metabolic pathway can be selected, pivotal enzymes at key control points in these metabolic pathways are preferred as candidate antiviral drug targets. Inhibitors of these enzymes are used to reverse, or redirect, the effects of the viral infection. Drug candidates are tested for antiviral activity using screening assays in vitro and host cells, as well as in animal models. Animal models are then used to test efficacy of candidate compounds in preventing and treating viral infections. The antiviral activity of enzyme inhibitors is demonstrated.

Abstract: The invention teaches that supplementation with (?)-hydroxycitrate constitutes a novel means of reducing inflammation and is useful for preventing, treating and ameliorating conditions involving inflammation. The discovery that HCA has inflammation-moderating effects allows for the creation of novel and more efficacious approaches to preventing and ameliorating cardiovascular diseases, cancer, arthritis and a variety of other conditions that involve excessive inflammation. Inasmuch as one element common to advancing years is an increased level of generalized inflammation, the invention further lends itself to reducing or delaying this aspect of aging, one factor in what is known as sarcopenia. Furthermore, this discovery makes possible the development of adjuvant modalities which can be used to improve the results realized with other treatment compounds while at the same time reducing the side effects normally found with such drugs.

Abstract: In one aspect, compositions provide antimicrobial therapy as topical disinfectants. Particularly, one aspect relates to an alcohol containing antimicrobial composition that includes at least one paraben, a redox compound and an organic acid at a concentration of from about 1.5 percent to about 10 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. In other aspects, antimicrobial compositions are used to topically sanitize wounds, skin areas and/or to disinfect surgical instruments or other surfaces. Still, in further aspects, methods, devices and kits relating to an antimicrobial composition are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a disinfectant composition (i) comprising a combination of citric acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof as component (A), and poly(hexamethylene-biguanide) (PHMB) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof as component (B) and/or (ii) exhibiting a log reduction of staphylococcus aureus of at least 4.0 after a contact time of 5 minutes according to DIN EN 13727 and/or a growth inhibition of Candida and/or S. aureus and the use of said composition for the prevention and/or reduction and/or elimination and/or eradication of microbial contaminations in health care products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reverse micelle system based on sterols, acylglycerols, phospholipids or sphingolipids and metal ions. Reverse micelle system of the invention is able to cross mucosa and cellular membranes. It thus allows vectorization of metal ions to target sites. It is advantageously useful in the pharmaceutical and dietetic fields.

Abstract: Antimicrobial compositions comprising a terpenoid in combination with an antimicrobial agent are provided. In addition, uses of such compositions in various applications involving preventing, combating or treating microbial infections, or preventing microbial growth or establishment are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions containing natural acids and natural buffering agents useful for inhibiting mold growth and/or prolonging the shelf life of baked products, which do not require propionic acid, and may be in either a liquid or a dry form. Also disclosed are methods of using the disclosed compositions.

Abstract: An apparatus for adsorption of body odour comprising: an activated carbon layer for adsorbing body odour; a first material layer; and wherein the activated carbon layer is coupled to the first material layer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition comprising a modulator of the Wnt/?-catenin pathway, such as a GSK-3 inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof either with a benzamide derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or with a hydroxamic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention is also directed to a method of treating bipolar disorder in a subject by administering either a benzamide derivative or a hydroxamic acid to the subject under conditions effective to treat a bipolar disorder. A modulator of the Wnt/?-catenin pathway, such as a GSK-3 inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may also be administered to a subject.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a peritoneal dialysis fluid with enhanced ultrafiltration during the dialysis dwell period. According to the present invention this is achieved by a peritoneal dialysis fluid comprising sodium ions, osmotic agent and a buffer, characterised in that it comprises citrate at a level of 4 to 10 mM in a final solution ready for use.

Abstract: The present invention provides stable encapsulated (?)-hydroxycitric acid (“HCA”)-containing compositions and methods of making the same. A method is provided by which the hygroscopic salts of HCA in their relatively pure and active forms, including especially the potassium salt, but also including the sodium salt, are rendered non-hygroscopic and stable (that is, not prone to lactonization, not readily subject to attachment to ligands which inhibit absorption or lead to excretion, and so forth) such that these HCA salts might be included in dry delivery formats, liquid delivery and in controlled-release vehicles. The nonhygroscopic salts of HCA and its derivatives likewise may be protected against acid degradation, lactonization and undesirable ligand binding when exposed to acidic environments or other challenging conditions. The method taught herein can be employed to reduce the polar/ionic qualities of HCA salts and derivatives when presented to the intestinal lumen to provide advantages in absorption.

Abstract: Described herein are nutritional supplements containing ?-hydroxy-isocaproic acid and aspartic acid (e.g., DAA) and their methods of use in enhancing muscle performance and/or recovery after exercise. The nutritional supplements can be used to enhance muscle building and lean body mass, enhance muscle and physical performance, enhance recovery, and prevent catabolism (muscle atrophy or wasting) when administered to a mammalian subject.

Abstract: A method and product for improving maternal and child health through nutrition. Omega-6 fatty acid and/or omega-3 fatty acid are provided to a woman and/or child prior to, during and/or after pregnancy to improve the health of the woman and her child. The ratios of the omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids vary during various stages, e.g., pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and post-pregnancy. The omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids can be in a variety of forms, such as at least one of highly purified algal oil comprising 70% by weight or more of the desired HUFA, triglyceride oil combined with phospholipid, phospholipid, protein and phospholipid combination, or dried marine microalgae.

Abstract: A method for treating glycogen storage disease by administering an effective amount of a composition that includes ketogenic odd carbon fatty acids that ameliorate the symptoms of these diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides stable encapsulated (?)-hydroxycitric acid (“HCA”)-containing compositions and methods of making the same. A method is provided by which the hygroscopic salts of HCA in their relatively pure and active forms, including especially the potassium salt, but also including the sodium salt, are rendered non-hygroscopic and stable (that is, not prone to lactonization, not readily subject to attachment to ligands which inhibit absorption or lead to excretion, and so forth) such that these HCA salts might be included in dry delivery formats, liquid delivery and in controlled-release vehicles. The nonhygroscopic salts of HCA and its derivatives likewise may be protected against acid degradation, lactonization and undesirable ligand binding when exposed to acidic environments or other challenging conditions. The method taught herein can be employed to reduce the polar/ionic qualities of HCA salts and derivatives when presented to the intestinal lumen to provide advantages in absorption.

Abstract: Disclosed in certain embodiments is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a sugar; a Krebs cycle intermediate, precursor of a Krebs cycle intermediate, salt thereof, or combination thereof; and a component selected from the group consisting of an unsaturated lipid, phenylethylamine, a soluble calcium compound, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Antimicrobial compositions having a rapid and persistent antiviral effectiveness against influenza viruses, including avian flu viruses, are disclosed. The antimicrobial compositions contain (a) a disinfecting alcohol, (b) an organic acid, and (c) water, wherein the composition has a pH of about 5 or less and the nonvolatile components of the composition are capable of forming a barrier film or layer on a treated surface.

Abstract: A starch-based Amygel for the controlled delivery of a biologically active agent is described. The Amygel comprises a dispersed phase, and a dispersion medium consisting substantially of an organic solvent. The dispersed phase includes a polymeric network comprising a hydrolyzable polymeric substance derived from starch, and a cross-linker. In various embodiments, the polymeric starch-derived network includes amylose, amylopectin, soluble starch or a combination thereof. The cross-linker is a molecule having at least two carboxyl moieties. The hyrogel is biocompatible and biodegradable, and suitable for loading with biologically active agents including small molecule therapeutics, macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids. Upon administration to a host animal, the Amygel biodegrades, releasing as degradation products only naturally-occurring sugar molecules that are non-toxic and non-immunogenic to the host.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions useful in treating the various signs of dermatological aging in human skin. The present invention also relates to cosmetic compositions and methods of using such compositions that improve the aesthetic appearance of skin. Further, the present invention relates to methods of applying the compositions to the skin to effect treatment and to improve the aesthetic appearance of skin, particularly, by providing anti-aging benefits to the skin. Suitable anti-aging agents include 3,3?-thiodipropionic acid and/or its derivatives.

Abstract: A method for treating an inflammation or lesion caused by herpes virus, comprising topically applying to said inflammation or lesion a composition comprising or consisting essentially of a C1 to C3 monohydroxy alcohol or a C2 to C4 diol and a sufficient amount of an acid to adjust the pH of the composition to below 4.6. Topical administration of the composition is preferred and is effective in treating lesions associated infections by viruses such as Herpes simplex. Nasal deliverable forms are effective in treating symptoms due to viruses that cause the common cold. Pharmaceutical compositions for use in the present method are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preventing or treating obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, fatty liver or insulin resistance syndrome, comprising: administering to a mammalian subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising adipic acid. The present composition containing adipic acid as an active ingredient is very effective in preventing or treating obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, fatty liver (preferably, non-alcoholic fatty liver) or insulin resistance syndrome. The composition of the present invention useful as pharmaceuticals compositions or functional food compositions has therapeutic efficacies for obesity, dyslipidemia or fatty liver, and also induces significant decrease in fasting glucose level and blood insulin level to improve type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases.

Abstract: Aqueous acidic, abrasive hard surface cleaning composition comprising: about 0.5-3.5% wt. of a thickener system which includes both a colloid forming clay, preferably a montmorillonite clay, and a gum based thickener, preferably xantham gum; about 0.01-2.5% wt. of a surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof; an antimicrobially effective amount of at least one organic acid present in an amount of from about 2-12% wt.; as an abrasive constituent, pumice, which may be present in an amount of at least about 5% wt.; optionally but preferably an opacifying/tinting constituent; 0-5% wt. of one or more optional constituents for improving the aesthetic characteristics of the compositions; and, at least 75% wt. of water; wherein the compositions exhibit a viscosity of between about 250 cps to about 1000 cps at 25° C., and, exhibit an acidic pH of less than about 5.

Abstract: Cocrystals of pterostilbene are disclosed, including: pterostilbene:caffeine cocrystal, pterostilbene:carbamazepine cocrystal, pterostilbene:glutaric acid cocrystal, and pterostilbene:piperazine cocrystal. The pterostilbene:caffeine cocrystal is polymorphic. Forms I and II of the pterostilbene:caffeine cocrystal are disclosed. The therapeutic uses of the pterostilbene cocrystals and of pharmaceutical/nutraceutical compositions containing them are also disclosed. The disclosure sets out various methods of making and characterizing the pterostilbene cocrystals.

Abstract: Azelaic acid or its derivatives or analogs induce a robust and a speedier defense response against pathogens in plants. Azelaic acid treatment alone does not induce many of the known defense-related genes but activates a plant's defense signaling upon pathogen exposure.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for preventing or controlling bacteria, viruses and parasitic growths that cause diarrhea, pneumonia and septicemia in animals comprising a biocidal system comprised of a primary biocide and a pH buffer component; a cationic or ionic surfactant having an HLB of from about 5 to about 30; a thickening agent; and an aqueous based carrier.

Abstract: The invention concerns antimicrobial compositions comprising free fatty acids emulsified with membrane lipids or hydrolysed derivatives thereof, and pharmaceutical formulations comprising same. The compositions can be used in the treatment or prophylaxis of microbial infections. They can also regulate the rate of blood clotting rendering them suitable for incorporation in catheter locking solutions and for use in wound care.

Abstract: A synergistic system for substantially reducing surface contaminants of a food and inhibiting yeast, mold and bacteria growth in a food, beverage or food grade cosmetic preparation comprising a substantially transparent and odorless solution made from a plurality of substantially organic compounds selected from: citric acid, sodium citrate, vegetable glycerin, sea salt, potassium sorbate, decyl glucoside, calcium ascorbate, grapefruit seed extract, quillaja saponin, calcium carbonate, ascorbic acid, sodium percarbonate and sodium bisulfite, and an applicator for applying the solution to the food substance.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides medical devices which contain one or more polymeric regions that are at least partially biodisintegrable in bodily fluid. These devices may be implanted or inserted into a subject for treatment of various diseases, disorders and conditions.

Abstract: Antimicrobial compositions having a rapid antiviral and antibacterial effectiveness, and a persistent antiviral effectiveness, are disclosed. The anti-microbial compositions contain (a) an antimicrobial agent, (b) a disinfecting alcohol, and (c) (i) an organic acid, (ii) an inorganic salt comprising a cation having a valence of 2, 3, or 4 and a counterion capable of lowering a surface pH to about 5 or less, (iii) an aluminum, zirconium, or aluminum-zirconium complex, or (iv) mixtures thereof, wherein the composition has a pH of about 5 or less.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and compositions for making dough-based bakery foods, such as bread having extended mold-free shelf-lives, using new antimicrobial powders comprising an antimicrobial agent dispersed in a carrier. The invention is also directed to methods and compositions for preparing dough-based bakery products, such as bread, having long mold-free shelf-lives, by treating the surface of the dough with the antimicrobial powder. Further, the invention is concerned with bakery products having long, mold-free and anti-staling shelf-lives.

Abstract: A method of producing a stabilized naturally occurring hydroxycitric acid is provided. In one embodiment, the method comprises combining an aqueous liquid with Garcinia indica fruit to provide an aqueous extract containing hydroxycitric acid and mixing the aqueous extract containing hydroxycitric acid with a liquid quaternizing agent wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 8 mg/ml anthocyanin per 100 ml of liquid.

Abstract: An oral dosage form for administration to an animal comprising a biologically utilizable form of calcium and a extended release system that maintains the calcium level in the animal's bloodstream at a substantially beneficial level for a defined period of time.

Abstract: Disclosed are modified release oral tranexamic acid formulations and methods of treatment therewith.

Abstract: A method of cleansing a mammalian GI tract is described and includes ingestion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and magnesium citrate in a split-dose regimen. The split-dose regimen provides effective cleansing of the GI tract while minimizing discomfort and side effects to the patient A kit packaged with a first and second portion of PEG, and a first and second portion of magnesium citrate, and optionally simethicone is also provided.

Abstract: There is disclosed a composition that provides improved anti-aging benefits and creates a healthier skin using the combination of skin exfoliation, brightening, and collagen synthesis. In one embodiment, the composition comprises, a skin exfoliation ingredient such as citric acid and gluconolactone, at least one skin brightening ingredient, such licorice extract, and at least one collagen enhancing ingredient, such as hydroxyproline, bioactive polypeptides or combinations thereof. Depending on the end-use, various optional ingredients, such as moisturizers, anti-inflammatory agents, UVA/UVB protectants, and cleansers, may be added to the composition, which may take various forms, such as a cream, mousse, serum, or gel.

Abstract: A method for antimicrobial treatment (e.g. antimicrobial treatment of food packaging and equipment) comprising applying to microbes a composition containing a diluting solvent (e.g., water), an antimicrobially-active solvent having a density different from the density of the diluting solvent, and an optional cosolvent, surfactant, or additional antimicrobial agent, wherein the amount of antimicrobially-active solvent or additional antimicrobial agent is sufficiently high and the amount of cosolvent or surfactant is sufficiently low so that the composition will provide greater than a 1-log order reduction in the population of bacteria or spores of Bacillus cereus within 10 seconds at 60° C. Preferred methods of the invention employ compositions containing an additional antimicrobial agent such as peroxyacetic acid. Compositions for use in the method can be prepared as concentrates, and used full strength or in diluted form.

Abstract: The invention relates to biocide compositions comprising organic acyl polyoxychlorine and methods for producing said biocide compositions. The biocide compositions form reactive oxygen species when contacted by microorganisms, proteinaceous substances, and oxidizable organic based contaminants.

Abstract: Compositions comprising N-acetyl-aldosamines, N-acetylamino acids, and related N-acetyl compounds are useful to alleviate or improve various cosmetic conditions and dermatological disorders, including changes or damage to skin, nail and hair associated with intrinsic aging and/or extrinsic aging, as well as changes or damage caused by extrinsic factors. N-acetyl-aldosamines, N-acetylamino acids, and related N-acetyl composition may further comprise a cosmetic, pharmaceutical or other topical agent to enhance or create synergetic effects.