Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions and methods for increasing the pH of a melanosome in a melanocyte, darkening skin or hair pigmentation, or treating a disease associated with decreased melanin comprising administering a soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) inhibitor and/or an exchange protein activated by cyclic AMP (EPAC) inhibitor to the melanocyte. The invention also provides compositions and methods for decreasing the pH of a melanosome in a melanocyte, lightening skin or hair pigmentation, or treating a disease associated with increased melanin comprising administering a sAC activator and/or an EPAC activator to the melanocyte.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of use of analogs of quinic acids or shikimic acids for protection from the harmful effects of radiation when administered either prior to radiation exposure, after radiation exposure, or both. These methods are useful for treating humans and animals exposed to radiation and at risk for radiation sickness and/or death as the result of radiation exposure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to adamantane derivatives that are active as antiviral and anti-microbial agents; antiviral or antibacterial compositions comprising adamantane derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; and methods of preventing or treating viral or bacterial infections in mammalian hosts through the administration of adamantine derivatives or their salts or pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. In particular, viral infections prevented or treated by the methods of the present invention may include, but are not limited to, those caused by arenavirus or one or more pox viruses, such as vaccinia and/or variola.

Abstract: A method is provided for the treatment of vision problems in a subject suffering from one of various forms of albinism, including, for example, oculocutaneous albinism types OCA1a and OCA1b, as well as ocular albinism type 1, resulting from mutations in the GPR143 gene, as well as the OCA2, OCA3 or OCA4 genes, by administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound (2-[2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]cyclohexane-1,3-dione), also known as NTBC for a sufficient period of time. The administration of NTBC is believed to increase the amount of pigmentation in the subject and alleviate certain symptoms caused by lack of pigmentation in the eye tissues. Also described are methods of use of NTBC for increasing the pigmentation of a subject for cosmetic purposes, by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of NTBC.

Abstract: The present invention relates to adamantane derivatives that are active as antiviral and anti-microbial agents; antiviral or antibacterial compositions comprising adamantane derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; and methods of preventing or treating viral or bacterial infections in mammalian hosts through the administration of adamantine derivatives or their salts or pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. In particular, viral infections prevented or treated by the methods of the present invention may include, but are not limited to, those caused by arenavirus or one or more pox viruses, such as vaccinia and/or variola.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds which are modulators of TNF-? signaling and methods of use thereof for treating a patient having a TNF-? mediated condition.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods, articles, compositions and colorant dyes and pigments that include biocidal N-halamine dye composition having two or more heterocyclic ring structures attached to one or more N-halamine groups, wherein one or more halogens associate with the one or more one or more N-halamine groups to affect biocidal activity.

Abstract: Methods of inhibiting phagolysosomal fusion in patients infected with a microorganism involve the administration of a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting compound, such as 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC) to the patient. A HPPD-inhibiting compound administered in an amount effective to enhance phagolysosomal fusion in the macrophages or neutrophils of the patient reduces or treats the infection. Methods for treating bacterial infections by administering a HPPD-inhibiting compound and reducing the production of pyomelanin or melanin in microorganisms are disclosed.

Abstract: The present application relates to N-chlorinated cationic compounds of Formula I or a salt thereof, and associated compositions and methods of use as antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: The present application describes compounds of Formula I and Formula IA and as disclosed herein, that are useful as anti-microbial agents, including as antibacterial, disinfectant, antifungal, germicidal or antiviral agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for disinfecting or cleaning a contact lens comprising contacting a contact lens with a formulation comprising a N-halogenated amino acid and a phase transfer agent for a time sufficient to disinfect or clean the lens. This specification further discloses a formulation for disinfecting a contact lens comprising an N-halogenated amino acid and a phase transfer agent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions, methods, uses, and devices having antiseptic and anticoagulation properties in a mammal. The compositions, methods, uses, and devices are based on a therapeutically effective amount of one or more N-halogenated or N,N-dihalogenated amines, analogues or derivatives thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters. The preferred compound is N-chlorotaurine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to active bactericidal, antibacterial, anti-infective, antimicrobial, sporicidal, disinfectant, antifungal and antiviral compounds and compositions and to new uses of these compositions in therapy. This specification also describes methods of use for the new compounds and compositions. The specification further describes methods for preparing these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to active bactericidal, antibacterial, anti-infective, antimicrobial, sporicidal, disinfectant, antifungal and antiviral compounds and compositions and to new uses of these compositions in therapy. This specification also describes methods of use for the new compounds and compositions. The specification further describes methods for preparing these compounds. FIG. 1: A dual chamber apparatus for the preparation of NNDCT on site.

Abstract: A topical cosmetic and dermatological preparation for reducing skin reddening which comprises (1R,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methyl-N-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)-cyclohexane carboxamide and/or (1R,2S,5R)—N-(4-cyanomethyl-phenyl)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexane carboxamide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or stereoisomers thereof. The compounds of the present invention are inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and are useful for treating cellular proliferative diseases, including cancer. Further, the compounds of the present invention are useful for treating neurodegenerative diseases, schizophrenia and stroke among other diseases.

Abstract: The invention features methods, kits, and compositions for the treatment of pain.

Abstract: Isolated and purified chemokine peptides, variants, and derivatives thereof, as well as chemokine peptide analogs, are provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel fluorinated phenyl thiphenyl (also named diarylsulfide) derivatives and their use in Positron Emission Tomagraphy (PET) imaging of Serotonin Transporters (SERTS). The present invention also provides diagnostic compositions comprising the novel compounds of the present invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. The invention further provides a method of imaging SERTS, comprising introducing into a patient a detectable quantity of a labeled compound of the present invetion, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide or prodrug thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel fluorinated phenyl thiphenyl (also named diarylsulfide) derivatives and their use in Positron Emission Tomagraphy (PET) imaging of Serotonin Transporters (SERTS). The present invention also provides diagnostic compositions comprising the novel compounds of the present invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. The invention further provides a method of imaging SERTS, comprising introducing into a patient a detectable quantity of a labeled compound of the present invetion, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide or prodrug thereof.

Abstract: Dairy animals have been milked since prehistory. Because these dairy animals are often kept in confined areas the teat areas of these animals are often contaminated with bacteria. This invention is concerned with a process for sanitizing these contaminated teat areas by treating these areas with a solution of Chloramine T. The preferred solutions for sanitizing the teat areas have concentrations of from about 0.005 to about 1 weight percent. Treating solutions for use in this invention may further incorporate a coloring agents, wetting agent, surfactants, healing agents, dyes, thickening agents, skin conditioning agents, softeners etc. The process of this invention is fast acting and is effective against a wide spectrum of bacteria. After treatment the teat area of the dairy animal being milked is bacteria free and hence bacterial contamination of the milk, and Mastitis infections are eliminated.

Abstract: Liquid germicidal formulation containing, as the active ingredients, a combination of an alcohol and an organic N-chloroamine, which combination shows a high bactericidal activity and an unexpected stability in time, while maintaining its effectiveness substantially unchanged even after a prolonged storage. The formulation comprises, in water, chloramine-T or chloramine-B and one or more, aliphatic alcohols having up to 12 carbon atoms, preferably isopropanol, said solution having a pH not lower than 8.5.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of agmatine, in the treatment of acute neurotrauma (such as stroke) and degenerative disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system (such as dementia).The invention further provides novel compounds of general formula I (which are quinuclidine derivatives), formula II (which are norbornane derivatives), formula III (which are adamantane derivatives), and formula IV (which are phenothiazine derivatives): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-4 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, halogeno, amino, phenyl, or R.sub.4 NR.sub.5 ; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen, or (CH.sub.2)n--[NH(CH.sub.2)x]y--NHR.sub.6, or (CH.sub.2)n--[NH(CH.sub.2)x]y--NH--NHR.sub.6, or (CH.sub.2)n--[NH(CH.sub.2)x]y--(NR.sub.7 .dbd.)CNHR.sub.6, or (CH.sub.2)n--[NH(CH.sub.2)x]y--NH(NR.sub.7 .dbd.)CNHR.sub.6 wherein n is from 0-5, y is from 0-5 and each x is independently from 1-5; R.

Abstract: Tetrahydrofurans, tetrahydrothiophenes, pyrrolidines and cyclopentanes are disclosed that reduce the chemotaxis and respiratory burst leading to the formation of damaging oxygen radicals of polymorphonuclear leukocytes during an inflammatory or immune response. It has been determined that 5-lipoxygenase activity, oral availability, and stability in vivo (for example, glucuronidation rate) can vary significantly among the optical isomers of the disclosed compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-soluble complex formed between a chelating agent and manganese and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The complex is a low molecular weight mimic of superoxide dismutase. The invention further relates to a method of using the complex comprising treating plant and animal cells with an amount of the complex sufficient to reduce or prevent superoxide radical-induced toxicity.

Abstract: Compounds and compositions comprising fragments and methods for using synthetic analogs of thrombospondin for promoting or inhbiting thrombospondin-like activity are provided.