Abstract: Dialysis solutions comprising pyrophosphates and methods of making and using the dialysis solutions are provided. In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a dialysis solution comprising a stable and therapeutically effective amount of pyrophosphate. The dialysis solution can be sterilized, for example, using a technique such as autoclave, steam, high pressure, ultra-violet, filtration or combination thereof. The dialysis solution can be in the form of a concentrate.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of repairing retinal tissue using resorbable tamponade compositions that are heavier than aqueous humor and contain one or more glysosaminoglycans.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, processes and reaction mixtures, which produce sulfated heparosan polysaccharides. This invention also provides methods and reaction mixtures for the synthesis of N-deacetylate N-sulfate derivatives of non-sulfated N-acetyl heparosan (HS) polysaccharides.

Abstract: Provided herein is a process for making compositions and methods of using such compositions to treat pain, inflammation and/or inflammatory disease or disorder including degenerative osteoarticular disease.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an excellent cartilage regeneration-promoting agent that can promote regeneration of cartilage efficiently and is highly safe, and a medicine and a food that utilizes the cartilage regeneration-promoting agent. Thus, the present invention relates to a cartilage regeneration-promoting agent that includes at least one of hydroxytyrosol and a precursor of hydroxytyrosol, and to a medicine and a food that includes the cartilage regeneration-promoting agent.

Abstract: Provided herein are small molecule stimulators of neuronal growth, their preparation, and their use for treatment of neurological disorders. In one embodiment, provided herein are methods of treatment, prevention, or amelioration of a variety of medical conditions associated with neurological disorders using the compounds and compositions provided herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a composition for controlling the evolution of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, characterised in that it comprises at least: a conjugate of poly-lysine and at least one anti-oxidant, and a conjugate of poly-lysine and at least one fatty acid. The invention also relates to a particular composition for controlling the evolution of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel inhibitors of aminoglycoside 6?-N-acetyltransferases, more specifically, AAC(6?)-li and AAC(6?)-ly, as well as compositions and uses thereof. Furthermore, the present invention relates to synthetic methodologies for preparing the inhibitors of aminoglycoside 6?-N-acetyltransferases.

Abstract: A glucosamine base having a pure level of at least about 99.0 wt. % and a maximum halide content of 0.01 wt. %. The pure glucosamine base is prepared by reacting a glucosamine halide, e.g., glucosamine hydrochloride, with a lithium base in the presence of a C1-C4 alcohol to thereby generate a C1-C4 alcohol solution of a lithium halide and an insoluble halide-free glucosamine base and thereafter separating the insoluble halide-free glucosamine base from the C1-C4 alcohol solution of the lithium halide. Preferably, the lithium base comprises anhydrous lithium hydroxide and the preferable alcohol comprises methanol.

Abstract: The inhibition of Chlorophyta growth in water needed to be treated can be accomplished by the addition of about 100 ppm glucosamine. The inhibition of Microcystic aeruginosa and Microcystis flos-aquae growth in water needed to be treated can be accomplished by the addition of about 10 to 50 ppm glucosamine. The addition of glucosamine to water needed to be treated, such as reservoirs, offers an environmentally safe method for inhibiting algae growth.

Abstract: A novel formulation is provided that serves to inhibit the inflammatory response in animals. The formulation comprises, as a first component an effective amount of a curcuminoid species and an effective amount of a second component selected from the group consisting of an alpha-acid species or a beta-acid species or derivatives thereof. The composition provides synergistic anti-inflammatory effects in response to physical or chemical injury or abnormal immune stimulation due to a biological agent or unknown etiology.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing an amide compound, which process is characterized in that a compound having an amino group are reacted with a polyaminopolycarboxylic acid anhydride in the presence of the polyaminopolycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases caused by type I hypersensitivity reactions consisting essentially of Glicophosphopeptical, or pure Nigella Sativa seeds, in a concentration which stimulate Th1 lymphocytes and selectively switch-off the eosinophilic airway inflammation A method of treatment of allergy using Th1 stimulating agents, to be administered to a mammal such as human in need of such treatment in a shot of 5 days only, resulted in significant decrease in symptom score started day 3, and in sputum eosinophils by day 14, followed by long-term clinical remission of a mean of 6 months. The BCG-like Th1 stimulation is also used in treating diseases in which the body defensive mechanism is a Cell Mediated Immunity, including viral infections, as but not limited to influenza and common cold, Chronic and recurrent urinary tract infection, pelvic inflammatory diseases as neuroimmune appendicitis, cancer, crohns disease and facial palsy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of viral disorders, and in particular to viral obesity. Compositions comprising nutraceutical agents are provided for treating viral obesity. Additionally, compositions comprising nutraceutical agents targeting adenoviruses are provided.

Abstract: There are disclosed liquid compositions comprising water, a fiber such as inulin, and a glycosaminoglycan that is selected from chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, or a mixture thereof. The liquid compositions may further comprise at least one or more sweeteners, a source of calcium, at least one or more flavor additives, trehalose, at least one or more acids, sodium citrate, monopotassium phosphate, fruit juice, fruit juice concentrate, or the like, and any combination thereof. The liquid compositions may be suitable for use in health-related applications, among other applications.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is to provide a dietary supplement that provides a mammal with the essential carbohydrates needed to maintain proper health and functionality, to fend off illness, lessen the aging process of cells and to provide pets with another level of medications equal to that for humans.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is to provide a dietary supplement that provides a mammal with the essential carbohydrates needed to maintain proper health and functionality, to fend off illness, to restore proper system pH, to provide a new treatment for pH based illnesses, to provide a new marker system for the early detection of cancer, to provide a new treatment for borderline diabetics, to provide a new treatment for high blood pressure, to lessen the aging process of cells and to provide pets with another level of medications equal to that for humans.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is to provide a dietary supplement that provides a mammal with the essential carbohydrates needed to maintain proper health and functionality, to fend off illness, to provide an alternative treatment for exercise induced asthma and asthma related illnesses, to lessen the aging process of cells and to provide pets with another level of medications equal to that for humans.

Abstract: Orally administered physiologically acceptable anti-biofilm compositions comprising enzymes and if desired additional components such as antimicrobials, antibiotics, antifungals, herbals, chelating agents, lactoferrin and related compounds, minerals, surfactants, binders, and fillers useful for the inhibition and treatment of gastrointestinal biofilms in humans. Physiologically acceptable anti-biofilm compositions containing these enzymes are useful in the inhibition, reduction and/or treatment of gastrointestinal biofilm infections, and associated systemic symptoms caused by biofilms associated microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract. Methods of identification, preparation and use of such physiologically acceptable anti-biofilm compositions are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are drug delivery compositions comprising a continuous aqueous phase comprising a reverse thermal gelation system comprising a blend of a cellulose derivative and polyethylene glycol; a discontinuous particulate phase comprising microparticles; and an agent to be delivered contained in at least said discontinuous particulate phase. Also disclosed are sustained release compositions formed using the drug delivery compositions and methods of using those compositions.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to compositions comprising therapeutically effective amounts of at least one N-propanoyl derivative of amino acids, aminocarbohydrates, and derivatives thereof. The compositions are useful the prevention and treatment of symptoms or syndromes associated with nervous, vascular, musculoskeletal, or cutaneous systems. The compositions may be topically or systemically administered to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds having excellent antitumor activity, which are represented by the following formulae in which R1, R2, R3, m, n and R4 have the significations as given in the specification.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compositions comprising magnolol and honokiol wherein the mol ratio of magnolol to honokiol is less than 0.6 as well as to the use of these compositions as a medicament, in particular as a medicament for the treatment, co-treatment or prevention of inflammatory disorders.

Abstract: Stabilized hyaluronan preparations wherein hyaluronan is combined with a polyglycol, such as polyethylene glycol. Stabilized hyaluronan preparations of this invention may maintain their viscosity and lubricity for extended time periods (e.g., 2 years) without requiring refrigeration or special storage conditions.

Abstract: To inhibit the growth of algae, glucosamine is added into water needed to be treated.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of hemostasis, including methods, compositions, and devices that can be employed to treat wounds. More specifically the present invention relates to hemostatic compositions that reduce the need for, and cost of, nursing care of patients with chronic wounds by reducing the frequency of wound dressing changes.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a means for durably exerting an action of enhancing collagen-production, and the object is attained by providing a collagen-production enhancer which contains, as an effective ingredient, ?,?-trehalose and/or a saccharide derivative thereof, and by a composition incorporated with the collagen-production enhancer to be used for such purpose.

Abstract: emollient and methyl salicylate, where said methyl salicylate comprises between 10 and 30 percent by weight of said cream; a skin stimulant comprising menthol crystals and two or more reactants selected from a group of camphor, cinnamomum cassia, diclofenac, eucalyptus, and ginger to cause a hot and cool stimulus on an epidermal surface; a pain reliever comprising two or more agents selected from a group of benzocaine, emu oil, eucalyptus oil, methylsulfonylmethane and glucosamine; and an inflammatory comprising two or more agents selected from a group of artemisia vulgaris, amica Montana flower extract, licorice root extract, oat extract, and thyme oil.

Abstract: Contemplated compositions and methods are directed to prevent and/or treat various autoimmune diseases that are typically associated with glycan dysregulation, and especially autoimmune demyelinating diseases. Further especially contemplated aspects include animal models and systems for screening compounds to treat and/or prevent such diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to a formulation which may comprise additional vitamins, minerals, herbs and supplements and methods for using the same for joint pain relief. The formulation may comprise supplements such as glucosamine, hyaluronic acid and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) and acetaminophen for acute joint pain. The invention also encompasses methods for joint pain relief with the formulation described herein.

Abstract: An oral supplement or topical supplement containing glucosamine sulfate and oleocanthal provides relief of pain and reduces inflammation in joints. The topical supplement is used in conjunction with a heat patch.

Abstract: Fungicidal compositions are described, consisting of mixtures comprising a copper (II) salt of phosphorous acid and at least another metallic salt of phosphorous acid or consisting of mixtures comprising a copper (II) salt of phosphorous acid, alone or mixed with at least another metallic salt of phosphorous acid, and one or more fungicidal compounds, and their use for the control of phyto-pathogen fungi.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods useful for the treatment and/or prevention of interstitial cystitis and/or a related urinary tract condition in man or in animals. Specifically, provided are compositions specially formulated for direct instillation into the bladder and/or parenteral use in the treatment and/or prevention of interstitial cystitis. Compositions adapted for direct instillation into the bladder and/or for systemic administration are provided comprised of therapeutic amounts of: chondroitin sulfate in combination with hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) are provided. Compositions adapted for direct instillation into the bladder and/or for systemic administration are also provided comprised of therapeutic amounts of: chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) and N-acetyl D-glucosamine.

Abstract: An antibacterial agent showing a high affinity for Helicobactor pyroli and having an antibacterial effect specific to H. Pyroli. The agent has a chemical structure wherein an antibacterial substance is bonded to a sulfated polysaccharide or an oligosaccharide prepared by partial decomposition of the sulfated polysaccharide.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a nutraceutical for the use of a vacuolar flavonoid pigment from a natural source such as tart cherries as an additional compound as part of a mixture including at least an amino sugar, such as glucosamine, and a sulfated glycosaminoglycan, such as chondroitin sulfate. What is also contemplated is the use of the vacuolar flavonoid pigment in conjunction with other known joint regeneration nutraceuticals, including a mixture of glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and MSM, and a method of treatment of osteoarthritis.

Abstract: The present invention has an object of revealing an epidermis regeneration effect of various chitin derivatives and providing an agent for therapy or treatment for wound which can be clinically used effectively. According to the present invention, it has been evidenced that N-acetyl-D-glucosamine has an effect of promoting proliferation of an epidermis keratinized cell. Accordingly, the present invention provides a proliferation promoting agent for epidermis keratinized cell comprising N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a regeneration promoting agent or protecting agent for epithelium, skin or dermis comprising the proliferation promoting agent. Further, a therapeutic agent for wound is provided.

Abstract: An external preparation composition used for preventing or treating symptoms or diseases related to dermatopathy caused by dryness, UV rays and aging such as wrinkles and sags of the skin, pigmentation of the skin, skin roughness and coarse texture and skin diseases such as psoriasis, lichen, ichthyosis, keratosis, Darier's disease, pustulosis, acne, eczema and atopic dermatitis. The external preparation composition comprises at least one of acyl glucosamine derivatives represented by the following Formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are defined; and X is any one of groups represented by the following Formulas (A) to (C): wherein Y, n and R6 are also defined.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of promoting hair growth in a patient. The method comprises administering to a patient in need thereof a sugar compound that is converted to a glycosaminoglycan in the patient, a primary antioxidant component, at least one amino acid component, and one or more transition metals.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions useful for the treatment and/or prevention of damage to diarthrodial (synovial) joints and, in particular, traumatic synovitis, inflammation of the synovial membrane, and damage to the articular cartilage of the joint. Specifically, provided are compositions specially formulated for intra-articular and/or parenteral use in the treatment and/or prevention of traumaticsynovitis and/or damage to articular cartilage. Compositions adapted specifically for post surgical joint lavage or treatment and/or prevention of inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA) and/or degenerative joint disease (DJD) are also provided. Compositions adapted for intra-articular and/or systemic administration comprised of therapeutic amounts of: chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) are provided.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of beta linked low molecular weight polymers of galactosamine and glucosamine has been developed. Through the use of high amounts of activating agents, efficient coupling of stable monomers is achieved. Using this process, chain extension is through the addition of single monomers, providing populations of single chain length polyhexosamines.

Abstract: Adding fatty acids to agents enhances deliverability of the antioxidant, making the agent less likely to be degraded prior to intercellular delivery. Additionally, adding fatty acids to agents provides a time lapse-type mechanism to the agents. Fatty acid modified agents are made with a novel process in aqueous solution, reducing the need to use organic solvents. Agents that can be modified as disclosed herein include nearly any biological molecule that have hydroxyl, amine, or sulphydryl sites, including antioxidants, such as glutathione and polyphenols (e.g., ECGC, curcumin, or resveratol), saccharides, such as glucosamine, and other glycans.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a transglutaminase inhibitor comprising glucosamine or a derivative thereof. Exhibiting potent inhibitory activity against transglutaminase, the overexpression of which is responsible for the etiology of various diseases, glucosamine or derivatives thereof can be useful in the prevention and treatment of such diseases. Also, a pharmaceutical composition comprising glucosamine or a derivative thereof as an active ingredient and a method of inhibiting transglutaminase are disclosed. Featuring the use of the pharmaceutical composition, the method can be therapeutically safely and effectively-applied to patients afflicted with such diseases.

Abstract: Chemical formulations and methods for reducing muscle and joint soreness are disclosed. A representative chemical formulation includes compounds such as a selenium-compound, chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, and/or methylsulfonylmethane. A representative method for reducing muscle and joint soreness includes administering the chemical formulation to a host.

Abstract: The invention relates to inhibitors of polysialic (PSA) de-N-acetylase, methods of their production and use. The methods involve use of a PSA de-N-acetylase inhibitor for modifying the growth of cells, such as inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. The compositions include an inhibitor of a PSA de-N-acetylase, such as N-substituted derivatives of the amino sugars hexosamine and neuraminic acid, as well as conjugates and aggregates. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions that include a PSA de-N-acetylase inhibitor of the invention. Kits containing one or more inhibitor compositions of the invention, as well as methods of preparing the compositions also are provided.

Abstract: Compositions of plant carbohydrates for dietary supplements and nutritional support for promotion and maintenance of good health. Defined nutritionally effective amounts of one to eleven essential saccharides, glyconutrients, are used in various inventive compositions as dietary supplements. The dietary composition herein can include phytonutrients, vitamins, minerals, herbal extracts, and other non-toxic nutrients. The glyconutritional dietary supplement herein provides essential saccharides which are the building blocks of glycoproteins. These compositions, when administered orally or topically, have been found to improve the well being of mammals suffering from a variety of disorders.

Abstract: A skin treatment preparation including carriers, a medicinal vector encapsulating a plant extract (Cucumis melo protein extract) rich in reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase is characterized in that the medicinal vector, of nanospheres, represents 1 to 20 wt. % of the weight of the preparation; and the encapsulated plant extract represents 5 to 15 wt. % of the weight of the nanospheres; and the encapsulated plant extract may have the following enzymatic concentrations: reductase between 100 and 1000 IU, catalase between 100 and 1000 IU, and superoxide dismutase between 500 and 5000 IU. The preparation is useful for limiting depigmentation and reducing inflammatory front in vilitigo pathology and possible repigmentation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to An N-acetylglucosamine derivative represented by the following formula (1), and a hyaluronic acid production promoting agent containing the same and a skin external preparation containing the same: wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms; R2, R3, and R4 are hydrogen atoms or acyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms and may be all the same or different from others; the steric structure at position 1 may be ? or ?; provided that R1, R2, R3, and R4 must not be all hydrogen atoms. It is intended to provide an easily available hyaluronic acid production promoting agent and a skin external preparation whereby the production of hyaluronic acid can be promoted in the skin and thus the skin can be maintained in a vital and moist state so that it is expected that the human skin can be prevented from age.

Abstract: The external skin care composition of the present invention comprises N-acetylglucosamine and at least one member selected from the group consisting of retinoid and pro-vitamin A. The external skin care composition of the present invention has an effect of promoting the production of epidermal hyaluronic acid and can retain firmness and moisture of the skin.

Abstract: A process for preparing agglomerated particles comprising a) preparing a slurry of a pre-manufactured agglomerated particles consisting of microcrystalline cellulose and one or more compressibility augmenting agents, and an active ingredient; and b) drying the slurry to form active agent agglomerated particles.

Abstract: An antiwrinkle agent which is highly effective in alleviating wrinkles caused by the photoaging. The present invention relates to an antiwrinkle agent comprising an N-acetylglucosamine organic acid ester represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R is a linear or branched acyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms and the configuration in the 1-position may be either ?-form or ?-form.