Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds and methods for the prevention or treatment of infections by negative strand RNA viruses, such as influenza virus and measles virus, wherein said compounds delay or inhibit viral replication by modulating the level or activity of a polypeptide involved in the synthesis or degradation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in a cell, tissue, or subject. The methods involve administration of one or more compounds which modulate the level of gene expression, where the gene encodes a polypeptide involved in regulating the metabolic level of S1P, or modulate the level or activity of a polypeptide involved in regulating the metabolic level of S1P, such as sphingosine kinase (SK) and S1P lyase (SPL). Exemplary methods are directed towards reducing the level of SW by reducing the level or activity of one or more SKs, increasing the level or activity of one or more SPLs, or a combination of both steps.

Abstract: The present invention provides antituberculous therapeutic drugs with a higher potency. The present invention provides also antituberculous therapeutic drugs containing oxazole compounds represented by (I) general formula (1): [wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-6 alkyl group, n represents an integer of 0-6, and R2 represents general formula (A) or the like, wherein R3 represents a phenoxy group (at least one group selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an optionally halogen-substituted C1-6 alkyl group and an optionally halogen-substituted C1-6 alkoxy group may be substituted on the phenyl ring) or the like], optically active forms thereof or salts thereof, and drugs (II) such as primary antituberculous drugs.

Abstract: The present invention provides new ceramide analogs indicated as the compounds of formula (II). These novel analogs exhibit a significant anti cancerous effect and are therefore provided as a pharmaceutical composition for treating cell proliferative diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolism-associated conditions, infectious diseases, and immune-related disorders. The invention further provides combined compositions and kits combining the novel ceramide analogs of formula (II) with an additional therapeutic agent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to unsaturated sphingosine compounds which are useful as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer and for the treatment of other diseases including diabetes and infection with intracellular bacteria. The invention is also directed to methods of using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds in treating these diseases.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of treating or preventing disease. In certain embodiments, the disclosure relates to methods of treating an infection or cancer comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein to a subject in need thereof. In a typical embodiment, one administers a pharmaceutical composition comprising sphingosine or a sphingosine analog to a subject at risk for, exhibiting symptoms of or diagnosed with a malaria infection.

Abstract: The present invention features compositions comprising at least one compound of the formula I or formula II: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, or a cosmetically acceptable salt thereof, and the use thereof.

Abstract: Novel mixtures of sugar amides or sugar amines are disclosed that have improved thermal properties over the individual components. New feedstocks based on both the surfactant tail as well as the sugar head group allow for improved physical properties of sugar amide surfactant mixtures and thus improved formulatability. Furthermore, new sources of unique methyl esters from both bioengineering and or co-metathesis of fats and oils provide novel and improved sugar amide surfactant mixtures.

Abstract: The present application discloses rapid Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility utilizing real-time PCR of mycobacteriophage D29 DNA. One protocol involves culturing Tb isolates for 48 hours with and without drugs at critical concentrations, followed by incubation with 103 pfu/ml of D29 mycobacteriophage for 24 hours and then real-time PCR. Many drugs can be incubated instantly with Tb and phage. The change in phage DNA real-time PCR cycle threshold (Ct) between control Tb and Tb treated with drugs was calculated and correlated with conventional agar proportion drug susceptibility results. Specifically, 9 susceptible clinical isolates, 22 MDR, and 1 XDR Tb strains were used and Ct control?Ct drug cutoffs of between +0.3 and ?6.0 yielded 422/429 (98%) accurate results for the drugs tested. The Ct values correlated with isolate minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for most agents. This D29 qPCR assay offers a rapid, accurate, 1-3 day phenotypic drug susceptibility test.

Abstract: A method of treating and/or preventing oxidative damage, comprising administering an effective IsoK/NeuroK adduct formation suppressing amount of a phenolic amine compound and/or pyridoxamine or pyridoxamine analog, including embodiments where the phenolic compound is at least one of a pyridoxamine, salicylamine, tyrosine compound or an analog thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of sphinganine for improving the visual appearance of skin and hair, for caring for, for protecting and/or for stimulating the growth of skin and hair.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds of formulae (I) and (II) which are useful in the prevention, treatment and diagnosis, in vivo diagnosis of diseases or disorders related to S1P receptors, in particular, in diseases which are connected to the regulatory function of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its analogues, such as inflammation, pain, autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising a Southernwood extract and an amine compound, and methods treating skin with said compositions.

Abstract: Provided is an oral solid preparation of a compound anti-tubercular drug, wherein the active ingredients are rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol hydrochloride. The compound oral solid preparation is a coated tablet with coated core or a coated three-layer tablet, wherein the two active ingredients rifampicin and isoniazid do not contact directly. The compound oral solid preparation not only improves the stability of the compound preparation, but also improves the bioavailability of rifampicin.

Abstract: Compositions comprising siloxane polymers are disclosed. The compositions are useful as thixotropic bases for a variety of components, such as antimicrobial agents, sterilants, medicaments, antibiotics, analgesics, essential oils, preservatives, colorants, fragrances, and the like. Methods for preparing the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating or preventing a condition in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an acceptable composition comprising meglumine or a salt thereof. The invention further relates to a method of improving a physiological function in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an acceptable composition comprising meglumine or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising a pesticide and an alkoxylate. Moreover, the invention relates to the alkoxylate, to a process for its preparation and to its use as adjuvant in pesticide-comprising spray mixtures. The invention furthermore relates to a method of controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or undesired vegetation and/or undesired insect or mite attack and/or for regulating the growth of plants, wherein the composition is allowed to act on the respective pests, their environment or the plants to be protected from the respective pest, on the soil and/or on undesirable plants and/or the crop plants and/or their environment. Furthermore, the invention relates to seed comprising the composition.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods for differentiating between mammals having active and latent Tuberculosis disease, by determining the percentage of polyfunctional CD4+ T-cells expressing TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-2, or by determining expression of IL-17.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of modulating cellular activity. More particularly, the present invention provides a method of modulating apoptosis by modulating protein 14-3-3 phosphorylation and, thereby its functionality. The present invention still further extends to methods for identifying agents capable of modulating protein 14-3-3 phosphorylation. The method and molecules of the present invention are useful, inter alia, in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of conditions characterized by unwanted cellular activity, such as unwanted cell survival.

Abstract: An aqueous eye drop comprising 2-amino-3-(4-bromobenzoyl)phenylacetic acid or its pharmacologically acceptable salt or a hydrate thereof and an organic amine (for example, aminoethylsulfonic acid or trometamol) or a salt thereof is useful as an eye drop for once a day administration for treating inflammatory diseases of the external segment or the anterior segment of the eyes, since such aqueous eye drop can maintain a therapeutically effective concentration of 2-amino-3-(4-bromobenzoyl)phenylacetic acid in anterior aqueous humor for at least 24 hours by once a day administration.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of nanoparticle carriers for drug delivery, said nanoparticles being produced by preparing a double emulsion of water-oil-water including one or more polymer which forms the basis of the nanoparticle carrier, blending the drug to be delivered into one of the emulsion phases, doping either the oil-phase or the outer-water phase with a carbohydrate, and spray drying the emulsion to form nanoparticles of a narrow particle size distribution of 100 nm to 1000 nm, which nanoparticles are substantially spherical.

Abstract: A method of treating a hyperproliferative disorder in a subject in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said subject, in combination, a treatment effective amount of: (a) a ceramide-increasing retinoid such as fenretinide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and (b) at least one (and in certain embodiments at least two) compounds selected from the groups consisting of (i) a non-18 carbon chain length L-threo-sphinganine(s) or pharmaceuticeutically acceptable salt thereof, (ii) glucosylceramide or glucosyl(dihydro)ceramide synthesis inhibitor(s), and (iii) sphingomyelin or dihydrosphingomyelin synthase inhibitor(s). Preferred L-threo-sphinganines are of carbon chain length 17 carbons, 19 carbons and 20 carbons. A preferred glucosylceramide or glucosyl(dihydro)ceramide synthesis inhibitor is D-threo-1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol. A preferred sphingomyelin or dihydrosphingomyelin synthesis inhibitor is D-threo-1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biostatic neutralizing composition for aqueous fluids, including two amines, one of which is dihydroxyethylamine. The invention also relates to the use of such a composition as a biostatic neutralizing additive for industrial aqueous fluids. The invention further relates to the industrial aqueous fluids containing such a composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of an active compound selected from the group comprising a sphingoid base, a sphingoid base derivative or a mixture of two or more these compounds for manufacturing a cosmetic composition suitable for topical application with animals having an at least partly fur covered skin for maintaining and/or repairing the keratoseborrheaic condition of the skin and/or fur.

Abstract: A solid pharmaceutical composition suitable for oral administration, comprising: (a) S 1 P receptor agonist; and (b) a sugar alcohol.

Abstract: Novel wash and carrier solutions ideally suited for topical administration (e.g., as wash solutions and as carrier solutions). The solutions described herein are non-toxic, non-irritating, isotonic, possess non-specific broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, and have an alkaline pH. Also disclosed are sterile preparations of the solutions and methods of using the same.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward particles for delivery of epinephrine to the respiratory system and methods for treating a patient in need of epinephrine. The particles and respirable compositions comprising the particles of the present invention described herein comprise the bioactive agent epinephrine, or a salt thereof, as a therapeutic agent. The particles are preferably formed by spray drying. Preferably, the particles and the respirable compositions are substantially dry and are substantially free of propellents. In a preferred embodiment, the particles have aerodynamic characteristics that permit targeted delivery of epinephrine to the site(s) of action.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate generally to formulations comprising dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) alone or in combination with methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), and one or more therapeutic agents, and uses of such formulations to treat infectious diseases. In several embodiments, such formulations are effective in treating drug-resistant infectious diseases, for example, drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Abstract: The present invention features a method of treating at least one sign of aging on the skin selected from the group consisting of enhancing the elasticity of said skin, enhancing the firmness of said skin, and reducing the appearance of wrinkles or cellulite on the skin, by administering to skin in need of such treatment a composition comprising at least one compound of the formula I or formula II: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, or a cosmetically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to hybrid molecules made of two lipids or lipid-analogous compounds which are linked to each other via their lipophilic end. The hybrid molecules thereby have at least one hydrophilic group at their hydrophilic end for increasing the hydration shell of the hybrid molecule. The hybrid molecules according to the invention can be used as pharmaceutical or as a cosmetic preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of alkoxylated amines to enhance the activity of fungicidal formulations comprising fungicidal triazoles. It also relates to formulations comprising one or more fungicidal triazoles and alkoxylated amines. These formulations are useful for the protection of any living or non-living material, such as crops, plants, fruits, seeds, objects made of wood, thatch or the like, biodegradable material and textiles against deterioration due to the action of fungi.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of enhancing the action of a pharmaceutical agent selected from the group consisting of the anti-infective agents, the group comprising of the antimicrobial agents, the anthelmintic agents and the anti-ectoparasitic agents, but excluding coal tar solution and H1-antagonist antihistamines, and from the group consisting of the CPNS agents selected from the group of compounds acting on the central or peripheral nervous system, but excluding coal tar solution and H1-antagonist antihistamines and also excluding anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agents and also provides an enhanced method for the administration of a nucleic acid substance to the cells of an animal, a plant or a micro-organism.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of enhancing the action of a pharmaceutical agent selected from the group consisting of the anti-infective agents, the group comprising of the antimicrobial agents, the anthelmintic agents and the anti-ectoparasitic agents, but excluding coal tar solution and H1-antagonist antihistamines, and from the group consisting of the CPNS agents selected from the group of compounds acting on the central or peripheral nervous system, but excluding coal tar solution and H1-antagonist antihistamines and also excluding anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agents and also provides an enhanced method for the administration of a nucleic acid substance to the cells of an animal, a plant or a micro-organism.

Abstract: The invention relates to insect attractants containing compounds with pentagonal heterocyclic structures that are effective in attracting fruitflies.

Abstract: The present invention provides inventive conjugated polyethyleneimine (PEI) polymers and conjugated aza-macrocycles (collectively referred to herein as “conjugated lipomers” or “lipomers”) containing one or more groups of the formula (iii): wherein R3 and R4 are as defined herein. Also provided are compositions comprising the inventive conjugated lipomers, and methods of preparation and use.

Abstract: The present invention features compositions comprising at least one compound of the formula I or formula II: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, or a cosmetically acceptable salt thereof, and the use thereof for treating acne and reducing the appearance of oil or pores on the skin.

Abstract: The invention relates to formulations of an antimicrobial agent, a lipid, and optionally a surfactant, and uses thereof for reducing the proliferation and viability of microbial agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use, as agent for depigmenting and/or whitening the skin, in particular for eliminating pigmentary spots and/or senescence spots, and/or as anti-browning agents, of a compound of formula (I): R1—CHOH—CH(NH—COR2)(CH2OH)??(I) in which R1 denotes a C11 to C21 alkyl radical, and R2 denotes a linear, optionally hydroxylated C11-C19 hydrocarbon-based radical, with the hydroxyl group being in the alpha-position with respect to the carbonyl, which may comprise one or more ethylenic unsaturations, in particular one or two ethylenic unsaturations. The invention also relates to a cosmetic process for depigmenting and/or lightening skin exhibiting pigmentation spots, comprising the application to the skin of a composition comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium, a compound of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention, relates to methods including compounds, derivatives, antibodies, interfering RNA, biologies, polypeptides, dominant negative effectors, and their use in the treatment of neuropathic pain by inhibition of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. In another embodiment, this invention relates to inhibitors, antagonists, and agonists of TRPC4. TRPC4 therapeutic agents and modulators include but are not limited to small molecule inhibitors, compounds, amino acid derivatives, polypeptides, RNA interference agents, natural chemicals, ligand derivatives, and ions. TRPC4 therapeutic agents and modulators are developed for the treatment of neuropathic pain, including but not limited to pain sensations such as nociception, hyperalgesia, allodynia, and loss of sensory function.

Abstract: The present invention features compositions comprising at least one compound of the formula I or formula II: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 independently, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, or a cosmetically acceptable salt thereof, and the use thereof.

Abstract: S1P receptor modulators or agonists are administered following a dosage regimen whereby during the initial 3 to 6 days of treatment the daily dosage is raised so that in total the R-fold (R being the accumulation factor) standard daily dosage is administered and thereafter continued at the standard daily dosage or at a daily dosage lower than the standard daily dosage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating neuronal damage and neurological diseases, and more particularly, to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating neuronal damage and neurological diseases containing, as active ingredients, any one or two or more compounds selected from a group consisting of the compound of chemical formula 1, the compound of chemical formula 2, and the acceptable salts thereof. The pharmaceutical composition repairs nerve tissue damaged by herpes zoster to reduce the acute pain caused by herpes zoster, prevents postherpetic neuralgia, and enables a fundamental treatment through the recovery of nerve tissue in the postherpetic neuralgia.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to articles of manufacture, spheres having a diameter of 50 to 500 nanometers which contain poorly soluble drugs and methods of making such spheres. Embodiments of the present invention have particular application for the following drug candidates and closely related poorly soluble derivatives of such candidates: (i) indole hydrazinecarbothioamide [NSC 73306]; (ii) fenretinide (4HPR) [NSC 374551]; (iii) safingol [NSC 714503]; (iv) 17-allylamino demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) [NSC 330507]; and (v) an aminoflavone drug [NSC 686288].

Abstract: The invention relates to the treatment and diagnosis of organ dysfunction caused by ischemia reperfusion injury. In particular, the invention relates to sphinganine-1-phosphate, a sphingolipid metabolite, and its use in the diagnosing, preventing, and/or treating ischemia reperfusion-associated disorders, including, without limitation, disorders of the kidney, liver, lung, brain, and heart.

Abstract: Bioabsorbable compositions of A) blends of bioabsorbable homopolymers and/or copolymers containing glycolide and lactide and B) salts of fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters are described. Processes for making the compositions and surgical articles made totally or in part therefrom, including suture coatings, are also described.

Abstract: The reverse vesicle composition of the present invention includes (A) a sphingosine represented by formula (1) (wherein R1 represents a C4 to C30 linear alkyl group which may be substituted by a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, or an amino group; Y represents a methylene group, a methine group, or an oxygen atom; each of X1, X2, and X3 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or an acetoxy group; X4 represents a hydrogen atom, an acetyl group, or a glyceryl group, or forms an oxo group together with the adjacent oxygen atom (wherein when Y is a methine group, one of X1 and X2 is a hydrogen atom, and the other is absent, and when X4 forms an oxo group, X3 is absent); each of R2 and R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, or an acetoxymethyl group; a is a number of 2 or 3; each of (R)a represents a hydrogen atom, an amidino group, or a linear-chain alkyl group optionally having a substituent selected from among a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkoxy group, an alkoxy group, and a

Abstract: The invention provides a method of preparing the stereoisomers of 1,11-diamino-6-aza-undecane-2,4,8,10-tetraol.

Abstract: This invention discloses drug-delivery compositions, methods of making prodrugs, and methods of drug delivery using a self-assembled gelator. The backbone of the gelator can contain a drug or prodrug, such as acetaminophen or salicin. Additional drugs or agents can be encapsulated in the gelator. Enzymatic or hydrolytic cleavage can be used to release the drugs.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel topically-applied skin and face coating and paint compositions comprising near infrared reflecting pigments and hydrogels swollen with aqueous solution and/or with simulated sweat. The invention further provides methods of making and using the compositions. The novel compositions protect the skin of the wearer from damage due to intense external heat or thermal flux and simultaneously divert thermal energy to a complementary evaporative cooling mechanism. The compositions protect skin from external thermal fluxes, conform to skin chemistry, and are easy to apply and remove.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating wounds, decubitus ulcers, diaper rash, burns, abrasions, and other irritations and relevant injuries are provided. The invention contemplates in one embodiment the use of an aqueous or emollient medium having one or more pH raising ingredients in a composition specifically designed to deliver oxygen to the skin's surface.

Abstract: Use of spongosine (2-methoxyadenosine) as an analgesic, in particular for the treatment of hyperalgesia, is described.