Abstract: Improved emulsions of highly fluorinated organic compounds. The emulsions comprise a highly fluorinated organic compound, an oil, that is not substantially surface active and not significantly water soluble, and a surfactant. They are characterized by a well-defined relationship in the relative amounts of the three components.

Abstract: A composition comprised of at least one surface active phospholipid, hyaluronic acid or a water soluble salt thereof in saline solution for use as a lubricant, in particular, for physiological use such as the lubrication of joints. The composition can be used to reduce the coefficient of kinetic friction between surfaces in contact with each other, particularly load-bearing surfaces.

Abstract: A soybean lecithin based topical liniment and method of making the same is disclosed. The liniment utilizes soybean lecithin as a base and major ingredient and as the emulsifier which is mixed with plant oils, natural menthol, calcium stearate, and magnesium stearate. The soybean lecithin, plant oils, natural menthol, calcium stearate, and magnesium stearate are mixed together in predetermined relative proportions with the amount of soybean lecithin being greater than the sum of the amounts of the plant oils, natural menthol, calcium stearate, and magnesium stearate. The soybean lecithin, plant oils, natural menthol, calcium stearate, and magnesium stearate are added to one another and mixed together in a predetermined sequence to prevent precipitation and provide a homogenous mixture having a viscosity suitable for topical application.

Abstract: A coating composition for application to tree wounds, such as pruning wounds of living trees is provided. The composition is non-phytotoxic and provides extended protection against fungal pathogens. The coating composition comprises a liquid carrier together with a fatty acid metal salt active ingredient. Exemplary fatty acid metal salts include those prepared from alpha monocarboxylic acids having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms and a compound containing a metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, and zinc. Various additives can be included within the composition, including gum-like substances and binders suitable to facilitate the adhesion of the active ingredient to the tree surface, as well as defoaming agents and other formulation enhancing agents.

Abstract: A skin cream composition according to the present invention provides significant retexturization of the skin, producing significantly improved smoothness, as well as significantly minimizing age spots and improving color of the skin, together with increasing the firmness and moisture content of the skin. The composition can comprise: water, and emulsified and dispersed in the water: (1) sodium lactate; (2) a micellar complex comprising horse chestnut extract, Crataegus extract, water, panthenol, propylene glycol, phospholipids, phenoxyethanol, glycosphingolipids, chlorphenesin, and cholesterol; (3) a protein complex comprising serum proteins, hydrolyzed animal proteins, and glycogen; (4) a carbohydrate-based complex comprising dextran, glycine, and glucosamine; (5) a long-chain fatty acid ester of retinol; (6) a long-chain fatty acid ester of ascorbic acid; and (7) a short-chain fatty acid ester of tocopherol.

Abstract: Topical preparations containing a salt of a cholanic acid, a lipid, and optionally, one or more other pharmaceutically or cosmetically active substances, are disclosed. These preparations are used in pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic applications.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the protection of moist stratified squamous epithelia against damage from exposure to noxious luminal agents. Protection of moist stratified squamous epithelia against these noxious luminal agents is afforded by chemical compounds having one of the following reactive groups in their molecule: X--SO.sub.3.sup.-, where X represents oxygen or carbon, and XO.sub.4.sup.= or X.sub.2 O.sub.7.sup.=, where X represents an element from group VIb or sulfur of group VIa of the periodic table. Compounds that provide protection against injury to moist stratified squamous epithelia that illustrate the protective characteristic of these reactive species are the sulfonates, the sulfate esters and the tetrahedral-shaped divalent oxy-anions of the transition metals in group VIb or of sulfur.

Abstract: The present invention provides prodrugs that serve as useful therapeutics for various disease states and conditions mediated by underlying specific hydrolytic enzyme activity. The prodrugs hereof (additionally) impart a physiologically bioactive component thus providing prodrug compounds that are capable of imparting dual effect systemically.

Abstract: Improved emulsions of highly fluorinated organic compounds. The emulsions comprise a highly fluorinated organic compound, an oil, that is not substantially surface active and not significantly water soluble, and a surfactant. They are characterized by a well-defined relationship in the relative amounts of the three components.

Abstract: A cosmetic composition is provided having exceptional emulsion stability. The composition includes water, petroleum jelly, a sterol, a phosphatide and a C.sub.16 -C.sub.22 alkanoic triglyceride.

Abstract: A phospholipid composition exhibiting a phosphatidylcholine content of at least 80% by weight is described. Whereby this pulverized or granulated composition is free from additives.In order to prepare such a phospholipid composition the phospholipid starting material is comminuted after cooling to a temperature below-50.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of administering a surfactant dispersion to the lungs of a patient in need of such treatment is disclosed. The method comprises heating the dispersion and nebulizing the heated dispersion to produce respirable surfactant particles. The respirable surfactant particles delivered to the lungs of the patient. By heating the dispersion the amount of phospholipid delivered to the lungs of the patient is increased.The dispersion is comprised of a phospholipid dispersed in an aqueous carrier. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the phospholipid is preferably dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) included in an amount from about 8 to 50 milligrams per milliliter of aqueous carrier, and the dispersion is preferably heated to a temperature between about 25.degree. C. and 75.degree. C.

Abstract: A method and composition for reducing evaporation of an aqueous layer from the surface of the eye. The method comprises applying an admixture of a charged phospholipid and a non-polar oil over the eye, preferably in the form of a meta-stable oil in water emulsion in a dosage not exceeding 100 microliters.

Abstract: A method is provided for protection of biological materials from the stresses of air-drying and also from destructive reactions, such as oxidation and free-radical attack, which degrade the materials during long-term storage. The method involves drying the materials, which may contain potentially destructive agents such as free-radical generators or reducing sugars, in the presence of a vitrifying substance, and under conditions which allow the protective substance to become vitrified.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are described for the preparation of bioactive agents entrapped in lipid vesicles the bilayers of which comprise a salt form of an organic acid derivative of a sterol, such as the tris-salt form of a sterol hemisuccinate, and to compositions comprising a mixture of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salt of cholesteryl hemisuccinate with either an antifungal compound or a peptide. These compositions have various applications in vivo.

Abstract: A drug is described which includes a physico-chemical complex between molecules of a phospholipid and an aminoketone derivative of fluoroglucinol which is useful, particularly when administered topically in the form of a liposomal aqueous microdispersion, for increasing the microcirculatory flow-rate and volume in the capillaries to the skin, both in normal conditions and in peripheral vasculopathy (primary or secondary Raynaud's disease), acrocyanosis and blocked arteries caused by arteriosclerosis, diabetes or endoangioitis obliterans.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating equine anhidrosis wherein a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of tyrosine, cobalt and iodine present as kelp is administered to the anhidrotic horse. The therapeutically effective amount of tyrosine is twice-daily dose of at least about 500 mg of tyrosine per 900 pounds of weight. The weight ratio of cobalt to tyrosine is in the range of about 0.0045-0.0055 and the weight ratio of kelp to tyrosine is in the range of about 0.00025-0.00030. Alternatively, lecithin can be added to the tyrosine to achieve a weight ratio of lecithin to tyrosine in the range of about 1.8-2.2.

Abstract: A method of treating an infection in an individual, by administering an effective dose of bilobalide or of a pharmacologically acceptable derivative thereof. Activity against infection with Pneumocystis carinii has major utility in treating AIDS-associated infections. Bilobalide may be administered systemically or topically in accordance with the invention. For systemic use, oral and parenteral routes of administration may be used.

Abstract: Phosphoglycerides are effective therapeutic and prophylactic agents for bacterial, yeast protistan and viral infections. This invention discloses use of these phosphoglycerides in a variety of therapeutic contexts. Therapeutic methods of this invention pertain to use of phosphoglycerides to combat bacterial, yeast protistan, and viral infections. Phosphoglycerides can be used in therapy and in prophylaxis of AIDS patients. A preferred phosphoglyceride is a species of phosphatidylcholine in which linoleic acid is the primary fatty acid constituent.

Abstract: A composition for use in the treatment of the obstruction of air ways comprising one or more phospholipids, alone or in association with excipients. This composition can be used in a method of treating the obstruction of air ways in a patient.

Abstract: The present invention discloses unique methods employing mixtures of phospholipids and neutral lipids for surfactant replacement therapy in the treatment of the various forms of respiratory distress syndrome. These compositions are shown to greatly enhance the surfactant replacement efficiency of surface-active lipids. In this regard, experimental models have shown that both the surface-tension lowering effect and rate of phospholipid absorption to an air/liquid interface are accelerated by the addition of triglycerides and/or sterols to mixtures of saturated or unsaturated phospholipids. Such compositions are therefore theorized to give new and enhanced therapeutic value to the use of surface-active lipids for surfactant replacement therapy in a subject without risk of immunogenic response. The subject methods also comprise a simple, rapid and inexpensive means for the deposition of polar lipids to a variety of air/liquid interfaces.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of facilitating the entry of peptides into cells and targeting such peptides to specific organelles within the cell. The invention provides methods for delivering and specific targeting of antigenically-active peptides to cells for the specific production of immunological reactivity against such peptides, as well as compositions and pharmaceutical compositions of matter comprising such peptides. This invention thereby provides improved methods for vaccine production and in vivo vaccination against pathogenic microorganisms. Methods for alleviating autoimmune disease and ameliorating tissue and organ transplant rejection using such conjugates are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition which contains at least one active substance, a wax, a weighting agent and optionally a sugar, sugar alcohol, cellulose ether or a polyethylene glycol, an active substance release system built up from this composition, a process for its preparation and its use in veterinary medicine and animal nutrition.

Abstract: An environmentally compatible, non-phytotoxic anti-fungal composition is provided having an active ingredient which comprises a fatty acid metal salt having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms. The metal salt may be formed from metals including calcium, copper, magnesium, and zinc. Additional formulation enhancing agents, such as dispersants, wetting agents and gums, are typically included within the composition. The composition is advantageous in that it exhibits a residual fungicidal effect lasting up to 2 months.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of modifying serum cholesterol levels in a mammal by topically administering to the skin of the mammal an effective amount of at least one phospholipid. Atherosclerosis, and related complications, can be treated, or prevented, using the present method.

Abstract: Encapsulated PI compositions such as liposomes containing plant PI and th use to prevent mitogenic transformation of normal splenic lymphoid cells (including lymphocytes transformed induced by treatment of cells with lipid A) by exposing the cells thereto.

Abstract: The use of monoacyl phosphoglycerides to enhance the penetration of topically applied ophthalmic drugs through the corneal epithelium is described.

Abstract: Monohydrate 1,2-di-O-acetyl-glycero-phosphoryl-choline in optically active and racemic form, processes for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them as the active principle for treating cerebral involutions of the aged and for treating dislipidemia and hyperlipoproteinemia.

Abstract: Phospocholine derivatives having the formula: ##STR1## in which W, Z, Q and R are described in the specification are disclosed as useful for inhibiting the enzyme phospholipase A.sub.2. Methods of making and using the compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating Parkinson's Disease by administering to a subject an effective symptom-alleviating amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of phytic acid, phytate salt, an isomer or hydrolysate of phytic acid or phytate salt, or a mixture of any combination thereof. The preferred method of administration is by oral dosages of about 1/8 to 1/2 grams/kilogram bodyweight per day.

Abstract: A method is provided for protection of biological materials from the stresses of air-drying and also from destructive reactions, such as oxidation and free-radical attack, which degrade the materials during long-term storage. The method involves drying the materials, which may contain potentially destructive agents such as free-radical generators or reducing sugars, in the presence of a vitrifying substance, and under conditions which allow the protective substance to become vitrified.

Abstract: A surface-modifiable liposome comprising a compound represented by formula (I) or (II): ##STR1## and a lipid capable of forming a liposome, wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrophobic group;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represent each an organic group including a hydrogen atom) R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 optionally combined with each other to form a double bond or a ring;X and Y each represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; R.sub.2 ' and R.sub.3 ' each represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group; W represents a linking group; n represents 0 or 1; and Z represents a hydrophilic group;and a process for producing a surface-modified liposome by using the surface-modifiable liposome.

Abstract: A phospholipid having the formula ##STR1## is described. The compound has antifungal properties.

Abstract: A composition comprising hydrated lipidic lamellar phases of liposomes containing a mulberry component. The composition may also contain kojic acid or its salts or esters, hydroquinone, or a mixture of kojic acid or its salts or esters and hydroquinone. This composition has skin-lightening properties or anti-inflammatory activity and has pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. A method for lightening the skin or for applying anti-inflammatory formulation to the skin by applying to the skin a composition comprising hydrated lipidic lamellar phases or liposomes containing a mulberry component.

Abstract: A pharmacological agent-lipid solution preparation comprising a lipophilic pharmacological agent, a desalted charged lipid and an aqueous-miscible lipid solvent such that upon introduction into an aqueous medium a suspension of lipid aggregates associated with the pharmacological agent are formed, and methods of manufacture and use.

Abstract: Surfactant containing one or more of lysophospholipid represented by general formula; ##STR1## [wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent hydrogen atom or the acyl residue of fatty acid, but either one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom, the other being acyl group. X represents an organic group remaining after removing one hydrogen atom of an optional hydroxyl group of polyhydric alcohol therefrom] and the method for producing the same are described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel method of drug targeting which comprises covalently binding a drug to a lipid carrier. This composition has the unique ability to both enhance the rate at which an antineoplastic or antiviral drug crosses the plasma membrane, and to direct the drug within the cell to specific organelles. The versatility of these conjugates may be further enhanced by including a spacer group between the drug and the lipid which may act to modulate drug release at the target site.

Abstract: Phosphoglycerides are effective therapeutic and prophylactic agents for bacterial, yeast protistan and viral infections. This invention discloses use of these phosphoglycerides in a variety of therapeutic contexts. Therapeutic methods of this invention pertain to use of phosphoglycerides to combat bacterial, yeast protistan, and viral infections. Phosphoglycerides can be used in therapy and in prophylaxis of AIDS patients. A preferred phosphoglyceride is a species of phosphatidylcholine in which linoleic acid is the primary fatty acid constituent.

Abstract: We describe the use of phospholipidic carnitine derivatives of general formula ##STR1## in their racemic or optically active form, wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, equal or different, are radicals of linear or branched, saturated or monoor poly-unsaturated, aliphatic acids with 1 to 20 C for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions having an activity as reproductive agent of the nerve fibers in the therapy of human pathologies associated with neuronal damages, more particularly in the therapy of peripheral neuropathies, of cerebrovascular diseases, of cerebral level traumas and of chronic neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: A composition for the treatment of patients having Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome comprising approximately 2 to 7 percent by weight soybean oil and approximately 1 to 2 percent by weight egg phosphatide and a method for the parenteral administration of this composition is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods employing compositions composed of unique mixtures of phospholipids and neutral lipids to treat the luminal lining of the gastrointestinal tract in the prevention or treatment of ulcerogenic processes such as peptic ulcer disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Compositions including mixtures of saturated or unsaturated phospholipids, together with saturated or unsaturated triglycerides and/or sterols, are shown to provide a surprising ulcer protective efficacy in experimental models. Further enhancement of activity is found upon the addition of a polyvalent cation or antioxidant to the various lipid mixtures.The present invention also discloses unique methods employing mixtures of phospholipids and neutral lipids for surfactant replacement therapy in the treatment of the various forms of respiratory distress syndrome. These compositions are shown to greatly enhance the surfactant replacement efficiency of surface-active lipids.

Abstract: A substituted polybutadiene polymer and a composition containing the polymer which is suitable for use in a flat sheet material such as a roofing membrane is disclosed. The polymer has a superior filler capacity, excellent flame resistivity and acceptable heat aging properties, especially heat aged elongations. The composition, which includes the polymer of the present invention and from about 5 to about 160 parts by weight of a filler material per 100 parts polymer, is self-adhering without the use of an adhesive and is heat seamable to produce seams which are resistant to temperatures as high as 100.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solid phospholipid composition with a high phosphatidylcholine content which, in addition to the corresponding phospholipids, contains Palatinit and if appropriate one or more other auxiliaries, and a process for its preparation and its use as an oral presentation form.

Abstract: An improved synthetic lung surfactant consists essentially of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline, a C-14 to C-18 fatty alcohol (preferably hexadecanol), and a non-toxic nonionic surface active agent (preferably tyloxapol). The surfactant is prepared in a powdered lyophilized form that can be stored for extended periods at room temperature. The powdered product can be readily reconstituted by simply adding distilled water.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition is disclosed comprising (-)-cis-2-methylspiro(1,3-oxathiolan-5,3')quinuclidine, and/or the pharmaceutically compatible acid addition salts thereof, together with at least one of physostigmine, tetrahydroaminoacridine, choline, lecithin, piracetam, aniracetam, pramiracetam, oxiracetam, 4-aminopyridine, 3,4-diaminopyridine, somatostatin, pirenzepine, N-methylatropine, N-butylscopolamine, scopolamine, clonidine, quanfamicine and Nerve Growth Factor. Also disclosed is a method for treating senile dementia of Alzheimer's type, which comprises coadministering to a patient in need thereof an effective dose of the spiro compound together with at least one other compound selected from those listed above.

Abstract: Some polyunsaturated acids (ximeninic acid, .gamma.-homo-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid), suitably formulated and administered by the topical route, possibly in form of glicerids or of complexes with phospholipids, have vasokinetic and vasodilative properties.

Abstract: Biocompatible fluorcarbon emulsions having fluorocarbon in concentrations of from 75% weight per volume to 125% weight per volume have small, biocompatible particle size stability through heat sterilization with one emulsifying agent, including phospholipids, in concentrations of from 3% to 7% weight per volume. The single emulsifying agent can be hydrogenated lecithins and synthesized lecithins. Fluorocarbon emulsions having fluorocarbon in concentrations of from 40% weight per volume to 125% weight per volume have stability of partial pressure of oxygen and of partial pressure of carbon dioxide through heat sterilization and storage for extended periods of time after having been oxygenated with dissolved oxygen.

Abstract: Aggregation of fluorocarbon emulsion particles, which occurs when the emulsion mixes with blood, is reduced by the addition of relatively large amounts of phosphate.

Abstract: Inhibitors of phospholipase A.sub.2 activity at the cell-surface membrane whose molecular structure comprises a cell-permeable PLA.sub.2 -inhibitor moiety covalently bonded directly or indirectly to a physiologically acceptable carrier moiety which is effective to inhibit cell internalization of the cell-permeable PLA.sub.2 -inhibitor moiety, with the proviso that phosphatidylserine is not bonded indirectly via divalent dodecanedioyl to dextrane hydrazide.

Abstract: Preparations of drugs in admixture with certain ligands are described which, when administered to animals or humans, are less toxic than conventional drug preparations. Although the toxicity of the drug-ligand preparations described is greatly reduced, the drug retains pharmacological activity.