Abstract: .alpha.-tocopherolphosphocholine and salts thereof have been discovered to possess anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory and PAF-antagonist activities. The compound and salts have also been discovered to be capable of forming liposomes. The present invention thus provides methods of treating viral and fungal infections, inflammatory disorders and pathophysiological conditions due to PAF activity in a mammal by administering to the mammal .alpha.-tocopherolphosphocholine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising .alpha.-tocopherolphosphocholine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Further, the invention provides liposomes which comprise .alpha.-tocopherolphosphocholine or a salt thereof as a structural component of the liposome bilayer.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID'S)complexed with zwitterionic or neutral phospholipids and having reduced gastrointestinal irritating effects and enhanced antipyretic analgesic, and antiinflammatory effects. Also disclosed are improved methods of using the complexes for treating fever, inflammation, and preventing platelet aggregation. In some embodiments, the anti-pyretic activity of sub-therapeutically used amounts of NSAID's are enhanced to elicit anti-pyretic activity in vivo when associated (noncovalently) with zwitterionic phospholipids, such as dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline.

Abstract: A lipid emulsion is provided comprising water, an emulsifier, and a glyceride oil component. The weight ratio of the emulsifier to glyceride oil is approximately 0.04 to about 0.01. It has been found that intravenous lipid emulsions having a weight ratio of emulsifier to glyceride oil of approximately 0.04 to about 0.01 are more rapidly metabolically utilized.

Abstract: The present invention is based, in part, upon the discovery that the use of pyruvate in combination with a cortisol blocker, such as phosphatidylserine, produces a synergistic effect in increasing lean body mass or muscle tissue, decreasing fat deposition, increasing endurance and athletic performance of a mammal consuming same. The invention also relates to a method of treating the catabolic effects of diseases such as cancer and AIDS by the administration of pyruvate and a cortisol blocker.The present invention also discloses a synergistic composition comprising pyruvate and a cortisol blocker. More specifically, the present invention relates to a composition which comprises pyruvate and/or derivatives of pyruvate and phosphatidylserine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of delivering antioxidants to cells and tissues and to compositions suitable for use therein. The invention also relates to methods of disease treatment involving the use of such compositions.

Abstract: A composition for treating impotence in human males is disclosed, which includes a mixture of lyophilized roe and a dry powdered extract from leaves of Ginkgo biloba. The lyophilized roe is obtained from a species of Sturgeon. The dry powdered extract is standardized to include flavonoid glycosides and terpenes. The mixture preferably provides lyophilized roe to lyophilized Ginkgo biloba in the ratio of approximately 12.33:1. The composition is preferably encapsulated and orally given to patients. A process for producing the composition is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to omega-3-fatty acid containing preparations for the treatment of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) and symptoms related to DIC, as well as such preparations for reducing a pathological increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). The preparations may be in the form of emulsions, or aerosols for inhalation, of an oil or phospholipids or other derivatives or salts of omega-3-fatty acids of marine and/or vegetable origin with a significant content of omega-3-fatty acids. The preparations may also be in tablet or capsule form for oral use.

Abstract: A container filled with infusion liquids useful for preparation of an infusion liquid containing sugars, amino acids, electrolytes, a fat emulsion and vitamins. A container having two compartments which are separated from each other by a separation means, which contains an infusion liquid comprising a fat emulsion, sugars and specific vitamins in the first compartment and an infusion liquid comprising amino acids, electrolytes and other specific vitamins in the second compartment. An infusion preparation containing sugars, amino acids, electrolytes, a fat emulsion and vitamins can be obtained easily and aseptically upon use, by simply removing a separation means and mixing the infusion liquids included in the first and second compartments.

Abstract: Compositions for trans-mucosal delivery, e.g. intranasal, include a lysophosphatidyl-glycerol compound as the adsorption enhancer. The preferred compounds for delivery are insulin and calcitonin.

Abstract: A dermatologic composition is disclosed which comprises a hydrogenated phospholipid having an iodine value of 10 or less and a phosphatidylcholine content of 90% or more, a cholesterol and an oily ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new fat mixture for infant and adult nutrition which possesses adequate levels and ratios of polyunsaturated fats and long chain polyunsaturated fats. These fat mixtures possess adequate levels of phospholipids and an adequate relationship between oleic acid, linoleic acid and .alpha.-linolenic acid as well as adequate levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of both the n6 and n3 series. In addition, the fat mixtures of the present invention possess an adequate ratio of arachidonic acid (20:4n6) to docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3). These fat mixtures are modeled on the fat content of human milk for infant diets and on the mediterranean diet for adult nutritional products. Diets containing these mixtures promote the growth and development of the infant and contribute to the prevention and treatment of some diseases in adults.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for increasing the bioavailability of pharmaceutical agents by conjugation to phosphocholine. Also disclosed are phosphocholine-derivatized steroids, peptides and other biologically active agents and pharmaceutical formulations comprising these compounds.

Abstract: The use of phospholipids of the following formula to reduce the viscosity of mucus in a patient is described: ##STR1## wherein one of X, Y, or Z represent: ##STR2## in which each R represents hydrogen or methyl, and each of the other two of X, Y, or Z represents --CO--R.sup.1 in which R.sup.1 represents linear or branched C.sub.11-21 alkyl or C.sub.11-21 alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C.sub.1-6 linear or branched alkoxy or cyano.

Abstract: The present invention discloses mammalian vaccine compositions having an effective amount of an adjuvant, the adjuvant comprising squalene or squlane, one or more phospholipids and a surfactant. These compositions also optionally contain an aluminum salt and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable buffers.

Abstract: Disclosed are injectable suspensions of gas filled microbubbles in an aqueous carrier liquid usable as contrast agents in ultrasonic echography. The suspensions comprise amphipathic compounds of which at least one may be a laminarized phospholipid as a stabilizer of the microbubbles against collapse with time and pressure. The concentration of phospholipids in the carrier liquid is below 0.01% wt but is at least equal to or above that at which phospholipid molecules are present solely at the gas microbubble-liquid interface. Also disclosed is a method of preparation of the stable suspensions of air or gas filled microbubbles.

Abstract: The invention concerns a kit for the preparation of an emulsion containing prostaglandin E.sub.1, a method of preparing the emulsion and a method of preparing the emulsion composition contained in the kit. The emulsion prepared using this kit is suitable for parenteral application.

Abstract: Certain phosphocholine derivatives having substantial antifungal therapeutic activity are disclosed. The phosphocholine derivatives may be chemically synthesized, enzymatically prepared or extracted from the plant Irlbachia alata. The phosphocholine derivatives are useful in treating fungal infections including those which are dermatophytic, systemic, ophthalmic and vaginal.

Abstract: Treatment and prophylaxis of endotoxin caused toxicity is disclosed. This is accomplished by administering phospholipid containing compositions to the subject. The compositions are protein and peptide free, and may contain triglycerides, or other polar or neutral lipids.

Abstract: Drug compositions comprised of therapeutically effective amounts of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of:DHA esterified in the form of lysophosphatidyl-choline (lyso-PCDHA) in position sn-2;DHA-phosphatidylcholines (PCDHAs) in which DHA is esterified in position sn-2 and which have an acyl group of [very short length] 2 to 6 carbon atoms in position sn-1;and triglycerides in which DHA is esterified in position sn-2 and which have acyl groups of [very short length] 2 to 6 carbon atoms in positions sn-1 and sn-3.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition useful in the delivery of pharmaceutically active agents through the skin. In one embodiment of the invention, the composition is formulated with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, such as ibuprofen or ketoprofen. Such formulation is rapidly absorbed through the skin to provide local relief from pain. In another embodiment of the invention, the composition is formulated with an antineoplastic agent. Such formulation is rapidly absorbed through the skin to provide local delivery to subcutaneous tumors. The composition is useful for transcutaneous delivery of other pharmaceutically-active compounds.

Abstract: The present invention comprises methods and compositions for topically treating keratinous structures of humans and animals including skin, hair, fingernails, toenails, hooves, and horns.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel extracts of Piliostigma thonningii Schum. having antiviral action, the process for the preparation thereof, the therapeutical use thereof and formulations containing said extracts. These novel extracts are used in the treatment of pathologies of viral origin, such as herpetic, influenza and broncho-pulmonary diseases and they also proved to be active on HIV virus.

Abstract: A herbicidal composition comprising an effective amount of a biocide and an effective amount of a herbicide activator selected from the group consisting of an alkyl phosphate, an alkenyl phosphate, a hydroxyalkyl phosphate, a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphate, a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene alkenyl ether phosphate, a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene hydroxyalkyl ether phosphate and a salt thereof.

Abstract: A acaricidal composition comprising an effective amount of a acaricide and an effective amount of a biocide activator selected from the group consisting of an alkyl phosphate, an alkenyl phosphate, a hydroxyalkyl phosphate, a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphate, a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene alkenyl ether phosphate, a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene hydroxyalkyl ether phosphate and a salt thereof.

Abstract: A germicidal composition comprising an effective amount of a germicide and an effective amount of a germicide activator selected from the group consisting of an alkyl phosphate, an alkenyl phosphate, a hydroxyalkyl phosphate, a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphate, a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene alkenyl ether phosphate, a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene hydroxyalkyl ether phosphate and a salt thereof.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are described for nonliposomal lipid complexes in association with toxic hydrophobic drugs such as the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B. Lipid compositions are preferably a combination of the phospholipids dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) in about a 7:3 mole ratio. The lipid complexes contain a bioactive agent, and may be made by a number of procedures, at high drug:lipid ratios. These compositions of high drug:lipid complexes (HDLCs) may be administered to mammals such as humans for the treatment of infections, with substantially equivalent or greater efficacy and reduced drug toxicities as compared to the drugs in their free form. Also disclosed is a novel liposome-loading procedure, which may also be used in the formation of the HDLCs.

Abstract: Protein and peptide free compositions are described, which are useful in treating endotoxemia. The compositions contain a phospholipid and a neutral lipid, preferably phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride.

Abstract: A synthetic lung surfactant composition and process for depositing a monolayer of a phosphatidylcholine lung surfactant to the alveoli of a mammal. The composition comprises a phosphatidylcholine lung surfactant, a phosphatidylethanolamine, and cholesterol in proportions such that the composition is in lamellar form at or below a first temperature and in non-lamellar form at a second temperature which is higher than the first temperature. A preferred phosphatidylcholine lung surfactant for use in this invention is dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), which is known to be the major lipid constituent of natural mammalian lung surfactant, and a preferred phosphatidylethanolamine is dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). In particular embodiments, the composition is in lamellar form at about room temperature (25.degree. C.), and in non-lamellar form at a temperature in the range of about 30.degree. to 37.degree. C., which is at or below normal human body temperature (37.degree. C.).

Abstract: A herbicidal composition comprises an effective amount of a herbicide and an effective amount of a herbicide activator selected from the group consisting of an alkyl phosphate, an alkenyl phosphate, a hydroxyalkyl phosphate, a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphate, a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene alkenyl ether phosphate, a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene hydroxyalkyl ether phosphate and a salt thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are injectable suspensions of gas filled microbubbles in an aqueous carrier liquid usable as contrast agents in ultrasonic echography. The suspensions comprise amphipathic compounds of which at least one may be a laminarized phospholipid as a stabilizer of the microbubbles against collapse with time and pressure. The concentration of phospholipids in the carrier liquid is below 0.01% wt but is at least equal to or above that at which phospholipid molecules are present solely at the gas microbubble-liquid interface. Also disclosed is a method of preparation of the stable suspensions of air or gas filled microbubbles.

Abstract: A nutritional supplement and a method of use therefor in equine are disclosed. The equine nutritional supplement alleviates various chronic or acute conditions in equine associated with hormonal imbalances. The equine nutritional supplement contains a lecithin, B vitamins, antioxidants such as vitamin E and/or selenium, and lipotropic agents such as inositol and/or methionine. The lecithin acts as a source of phospholipids and choline to improve and maintain body cell integrity. The equine nutritional supplement is particularly useful in extending the age of reproductive capability in equine.

Abstract: Treatment and prophylaxis of endotoxin caused toxicity is disclosed. This is accomplished by administering phospholipid containing compositions to the subject. The compositions are protein and peptide free, and may contain triglycerides, or other polar or neutral lipids.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods in which a lithium source and a choline source act synergistically to reduce or eliminate the symptoms associated with bipolar disorder.

Abstract: A method and composition for reducing evaporation of an aqueous layer from the surface of the eye. The method comprises applying an admixture of a charged phospholipid and a non-polar oil over the eye, preferably in the form of a meta-stable oil in water emulsion in a dosage not exceeding 100 microliters.

Abstract: A cosmetic composition is provided that includes a C.sub.2 -C.sub.22 .alpha.-hydroxy carboxylic acid or salt thereof dispersed within petroleum jelly with the aid of a phosphatide. Additional components may include a sterol and a C.sub.10 -C.sub.22 fatty acid.

Abstract: An antemortem diagnostic test for neurodegenerative disease, particularly Alzheimer's disease, involves the collection of a sample of bodily fluid; the analysis of the concentration of neuronal membrane phospholipids and phospholipid metabolites, or the ratio of a phospholipid to its metabolite, in the sample; and the correlation of the concentration or the ratio to the corresponding value from control samples. The method can be used to determine the presence or the possibility that an individual can develop a neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease; to follow the course of neurodegenerative disease in an individual; and to validate the efficacy of a drug used to treat a neurodegenerative disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides [3-(C.sub.16 -C.sub.18)-alkaesulphinyl- and -sulphonyl-2-methoxy-methylpropyl]-(2-trimethylammonioethyl) phosphates having superior anti-tumor activity.

Abstract: This invention herein describes a method of facilitating the entry of drugs into cells at pharmokinetically useful levels and also a method of targeting drugs to specific organelles within the cell. This lipid/drug conjugate targeting invention embodies an advance over other drug targeting methods because through this method, intracellular drug concentrations may reach levels which are orders of magnitude higher than those achieved otherwise. Furthermore, it refines the drug delivery process by allowing therapeutic agents to be directed to certain intracellular structures. This technology is appropriate for use with antiproliferative drugs, in particular in combination with a multiplicity of other emolients and agents to make up topically-active substances such as salves, for rapid and efficient introduction of antiproliferative agents through the epidermis for treatment of skin diseases such as psoriasis.

Abstract: This invention provides novel methods and reagents for specifically delivering biologically active compounds to phagocytic mammalian cells. The invention also relates to specific uptake of such biologically active compounds by phagocytic cells and delivery of such compounds to specific sites intracellularly. The invention specifically relates to methods of facilitating the entry of antimicrobial drugs and other agents into phagocytic cells and for targeting such compounds to specific organelles within the cell. The invention specifically provides compositions of matter and pharmaceutical embodiments of such compositions comprising conjugates of such antimicrobial drugs and agents covalently linked to particulate carriers generally termed microparticles. In particular embodiments, the antimicrobial drug is covalently linked to a microparticle via an organic linker molecule which is the target of a microorganism-specific protein having enzymatic activity.

Abstract: Preservatives for cut flowers which include an extract from eucalyptus leaves as a bactericidal agent. The preservative further includes at least one additive selected from naturally occurring bactericidal substances not found in the extract from eucalyptus leaves, saccharides, disinfectants, water-soluble mineral substances, calcium phosphate compounds, surface active substances and plant hormones. The preservative is effective to keep cut flowers fresh for an extended period of time, does not harmfully effect the flowers, and is safe and has no toxic effect to young children, when it is drunk by mistake.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating and preventing dry skin includes a lipid concentrate blended from a combination of the three naturally-occurring lipid groups found in the stratum corneum. The concentrate may be applied topically as prepared, or may be blended with a therapeutically acceptable vehicle suitable for topical application.

Abstract: Treatment and prophylaxis of endotoxin caused toxicity is disclosed. This is accomplished by administering phospholipid containing compositions to the subject. The compositions are protein and peptide free, and may contain triglycerides, or other polar or neutral lipids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of modifying serum cholesterol levels in a mammal by topically administering to the skin of the mammal an effective amount of at least one phospholipid. Atherosclerosis, and related complications, can be treated, or prevented, using the present method.

Abstract: An ocular drug delivery vehicle of an oil-in-water submicron emulsion comprising about 0.5 to 50% of a first component of an oil, about 0.1 to 10% of a second component of an emulsifier, about 0.05 to 5% of a non-ionic surfactant and an aqueous component, with the mean droplet size being in the submicron range, i.e., below about 0.5 .mu.m and preferably between about 0.1 and 0.3 .mu.m. Also, topical pharmaceutical compositions containing a drug such as an anti-glaucoma drug, beta adrenergic blocker or other autonomic system drug, a local anesthetic, a steroid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an antibiotic drug, an antifungal drug, an antiviral drug or combinations thereof and the vehicle described above. Methods of administering such vehicles or compositions to the eye of a patient while reducing irritation thereof and providing increased bioavailability of the drug.

Abstract: A lipid emulsion is provided comprising water, an emulsifier, and a glyceride oil component. The weight ratio of the emulsifier to glyceride oil is approximately 0.04 to about 0.01. It has been found that intravenous lipid emulsions having a weight ratio of emulsifier to glyceride oil of approximately 0.04 to about 0.01 are more rapidly metabolically utilized.

Abstract: A phospholipid composition has a phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine content of at least 80% by weight and is substantially free from additives. The phospholipid composition is in granular form with the particle size between 18 mm and 0.07 mm. The phospholipid composition may be stored at low temperatures for extended periods of time.

Abstract: A liposoluble antioxidant composition contains a group B vitamin-organic acid complex and a lecithin rich in phosphatidyl choline.

Abstract: Methods for the in vitro and in vivo inhibition of microbial colonization are provided. The methods use host cell phospholipid molecules ("receptors") which bind microorganisms.

Abstract: Aminoglycosides, analogs and derivatives thereof, in the form of phosphate salts are described as well as the process for making and utilizing same. Aminoglycoside phosphate liposomes and nonguanadino aminoglycoside phosphate liposomes, their preparation and use, are particularly described.

Abstract: A method for suppressing a bitter taste of material to be placed in mouth or in contact with mouth, such as foods, drinks, pharmaceuticals, comprises adding an acidic phospholipid or an acidic lysophospholipid to the material.